The document summarizes the history of the Umayyad dynasty in Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) from 714-1492 AD. It describes three main periods: 1) The period of confusion from 714-756 AD after the initial conquest; 2) The golden era from 756-1036 AD under rulers like Abd al-Rahman I who established control and made Cordoba a center of arts and learning; 3) The period of collapse from 1036-1492 AD as Muslim states fragmented and fell to the reconquering Christian kingdoms of Iberia.

2. Luqman Yousuf
Sp14-BSM-027
Sohail Abbas
Sp14-BSM-031
Talha Ahmed Qureshi
Sp14-BSM-025
Haroon Akram
Sp14-BSM-001

3. Umayyad in Cordoba
 Biggest country of Europe
 Al Andalus and Hispania
 Ruled out Spain for about 8 centuries
 Civilized and Charming Land

5. Umayyad in Cordoba
o Ruled by a cruel ruler Christian ruler “Roderick”
o Musa Ibn Nusayr conquer Spain
o General Tariq sailed for Spain with an army of 12,000 men.
o Tariq defeated the army of Roderick
o The Muslim rule started in 714 AD.

6. The long Muslim rule in Spain could be
conveniently divided into three phases
 The period of confusion and chaos: 714-756 AD
(93-138 AH)
 The golden era of power and progress: 756-1036 AD
(138-428 AH)
 The awful age of anarchy and annihilation: 1036-1492 AD
(428-897 AH)

7. The period of confusion and chaos:
• The period of confusion and chaos started in 714 AD.
• Which ended in 756 AD (138 AH).
• Abd al-Aziz was appointed the first Amir of Spain.
• But the chaos started just after the conquest.

8. Reasons of Chaos
 Abd al-Aziz had married the widow of emperor Frederick.
 Inter-Muslim differences between Arabs and Berbers
 Clashes among Syrian and Madinite tribes
 Conflicts were started by the Christians of the Andulus.

9. Abdul al-Rahman al-Dakhil
Founder of Umayyad's dynasty
Born near Damascus in Syria
Son of the Umayyad prince Mu'awiya ibn
Hisham
 Abdul Rahman survived
Fled to Al-Andulus and join Berbers
revolt
Became Emir of Al-Andulus

10. Abdul al-Rahman al-Dakhil
 Abd al-Rahman managed to sneak into Spain.
 Al-Dakhil
 establishement
 Defeated the tottering Syrian government in Spain
 Captured the whole of Spain.

11. Rulers Of Umayyad Dynasty
Abd-al-Rehman I
Hisham I
Al Hakam I
Abd-Al-Rehman II
Muhammad I
Abd Allah Al-Mundhir

12. Muhammad I
Abd Allah Al-Mundhir
Muhammad
Abd-al-Rehman III

13. The Golden Era of Power and
Progress
(756-1036 AD)
 Starts 756 AD (138 AH) under Abdul Rahman
 Solid foundations of a sovereign and progressive Umayyad government
 High caliber in administering
 System of law and justice

14. The Golden Era of Power and Progress
 Knowledge and learning.
 Invited and celebrated scholars
 Spain became world centre of arts and sciences.
 Constructed magnificent mosques and beautiful buildings.
i. Palace of Cordova
ii. The great of Cordova
iii. Bridge of Guadalquivir
iv. Charming garden outside the Cordoba city

17. Hisham I
o 788-786
o Andalus
o Portion of france
o Battle of Lotus
o Knowledge center
o Scholars
o Maliki School

18. Al Hakam
o 996-822
o Lack of Leadership
o Leisure time activities
o Revolts and Tyranny
o Political disaster

19. Abd-al-Rehman II
o 822-855
o Continued North
o Scholars
o Development
o Eradicated Poverty
o Build Navy

20. Al Hakam II
o Library Toledo
• 600,000 + Books
o Public Education System
• Free Schools
• University Of Cordova
• Scholars

21. University Of Cordova

22. Abd al-Rehman III
o Last Ruler of Umayyad dynasty
o Called him Caliph instead of Emir
o United all Andalus
o Super power nation
o Scholars migration
o Obedient servant of the Caliph
o Naval Force
o Jiziya for Protection
o Declared himself Caliph

23. Economic System:

28. Social System

30. Mosque

33. The awful age of anarchy and annihilation:
1036-1492 AD (428-897 AH)
 Collapse of the amr Dynasty Starting in 1036 AD to 1492 AD
 The eventual exit of the Muslims from the Spanish scene
 Muslims got divided into about two dozen petty states
 Spanish Muslims were at daggers drawn with each other

34. Reasons of Collapse
 Divisions of Muslims
 Muslims disunity
 short-sighted rulers
 luxury-loving rulers
 Muslim states used to clash with each other quite frequently
 Christian powers were busy uniting themselves against the
disarrayed Muslims.