This document discusses the 11th century Islamic scholar Al-Ghazali. It outlines his views on religion, politics, justice, and the proper role and conduct of a ruler. According to Al-Ghazali, humans need community and politics aims to establish proper order for worldly affairs. A just ruler should not be cruel, act as God's shadow on Earth, and treat all people equally under the law. Al-Ghazali provides 10 rules for rulers, including considering all perspectives impartially and fulfilling the desire of people seeking justice.

1. 1058-1111
AL-GHAZALI
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2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Abu Hamid Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b.
Ahmad
Surnamed: al-Imamu’l-Jalil, Hujjatul-Islam, Zainu’d-din
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3. WorksWorks
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4. Religion and Politics
World is a place for work and labour.
Division of sciences. Politics is a science “ which deals with
the proper order for the state affairs of the mundane
category.”
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5. Development of the state-Idea
“Man is created in such a manner that he cannot live all by
himself but is in constant need of others, wishing that
someone else, human like himself, should always be with
him.”
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6. Concept of Justice
A Ruler:
All worldly blessings come to an end at the time of death.
Should not be unjust or cruel to others.
A criteria to acquire a quality of being the shadow of God on earth
One of the seven sets of person who should be allowed to enjoy the
Shadow of the Divine Throne
He is the vicegerent of God only if he is just
One day of justice is equal to seventy years of continuous prayer.
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7. Justice
To a Ruler:
The real justice was dealing with the inferiors like father, with superior
like a son and with equals like a brother and award punishment only
according to the wrong done and the power to bear it.
The best judge is he who is not prejudiced in his decision from personal
desires, or by any leaning towards his relations, fear or hope, but takes
natural attitude towards all that come before him.
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8. Justice…
To a ruler
Story of Alexander the Great……..how he could better his lot….. “he
should eradicate both undue likings and undesirable prejudices, he should
not make any decision hurriedly without counsel and should shun all
personal inclinations, likes and dislikes, at the time of sitting in judgment
over others.
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9. Concept of JusticeConcept of Justice
Ten rules of conduct of government, chiefly in the matter of
justice:
In every case the ruler should mentally put himself in the position of the
contending parties.
He should fulfill the desire of those who have come to him for justice
Justice is possible only when the ruler does not indulge luxurious food
and clothing
He should practice leniency, not harshness in his office dealings.
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10. Justice…Justice…
Ten Rules of Conduct…..
He should try that the subjects should be content with the rule of law.
He should not attempt any conciliation at the expense of the Law.
He should supervise the affairs of the people in the same ways as if he
were to supervise his own household affairs and should deal with the
powerful and the infirm in the same manner.
He should try to meet the learned as often as he can and should
encourage them to have their say.
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11. Justice…Justice…
Ten Rules of Conduct…..
He should see that his servants, magistrates and other office perform their
duties diligently and well.
He should not be overpowered by any false sense of pride.
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