The document discusses Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) in India. It outlines that UMPPs are large coal power projects of 4000+ MW capacity each that are developed on a build-own-operate basis. Nine projects have been identified so far, with contracts awarded for four located at pit heads near coal mines. The projects aim to address India's growing power needs and pace of capacity addition. Barriers to private sector participation previously included regulatory issues but reforms like the Electricity Act of 2003 have helped support UMPPs. The process for developing UMPPs involves setting up special purpose vehicles and shell companies to handle land acquisition, clearances and competitive bidding for developers.