The document provides an overview of Spanish territories in ancient times, beginning with the Indo-European invasions in the first half of the 1st millennium BC. It then discusses the various colonizers like the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians who established colonies along the coast. In the second half of the 1st millennium BC, the Iberian and Celtic tribes emerged as the main pre-Roman peoples. The Roman conquest of Hispania began in 218 BC during the Second Punic War and lasted over 200 years. Under Roman rule, Hispania was divided into provinces and cities developed with Roman architecture, culture, and religion.

1. SPANISH TERRITORIES IN
1º ESO
IES Camilo José Cela
Teacher: Rocío Bautista
ANCIENT
TIMES

2. Timeline
First half of the
1st Millennium BC
·INDOEUROPEAN
INVASIONS
·COLONISERS
(Phoenicians, Greeks,
Carthaginians)
·TARTESSIANS
Second half of the
1st Millennium BC
PRE-ROMAN
PEOPLE:
·Iberians
·Celts
218 BC – 476 AD
ROMAN
HISPANIA
476 – 711
VISIGOTH
KINGDOM
ANCIENT
PERIOD
MIDDLE
AGES

3. 1. First half of the 1st Millenium BC
INDOEUROPEAN CELTS, COLONISATION, TARTESSOS

4. Invasion of the Indoeuropean Celts
Around 900 BC, Indoeuropean Celts crossed the Pyrenees
and settled in the North West of the Iberian Peninsula.

5. Indo-European migrations

6. ACTIVITY 1a) In the blank map draw an
arrow to indicate the area of origin of the
Indoeuropean Celts. Then shade the area in
which they settled.

7. Colonisation
Different colonisers also arrived at the Iberian Peninsula
from Phoenicia, Greece & Carthage, and founded
colonies on the coast to control the metal trade.

8. CARTHAGINIANS
GREEKS
PHOENICIANS

9. ACTIVITY 1b) In the blank map locate and
label the area of origin of the Phoenicians,
Greeks & Carthaginians.

11. They came in the 10th
Century BC from
Phoenicia (today Lebanon).
PHOENICIANS
• CHARACETRISTICS:
Never went inland  no interest in conquering, only in trading.
Traded with the natives by bartering. Exchanged manufactured
products (textiles, pottery...) for metals.
Introduced:
‐ Vine cultivation
‐ Phonetic alphabet
• MAIN COLONY: Gadir (Cádiz).

12. The success of the Phoenician alphabet was due to its phonetic
nature. Phoenician was the first widely used script in which one
sound was represented by one symbol. This simple system
contrasted with the other scripts used at the time, such as
Cuneiform & Egyptian hieroglyphs, which employed many complex
characters and were difficult to learn.

13. They came between the
8th-6th Centuries BC from
different Greek poleis.
• CHARACETRISTICS:
Settled in the
Mediterranean coast
 mainly interested
in trading.
Introduced olive tree
cultivation & money.
• MAIN COLONY:
Emporion (Ampurias).
GREEKS

14. Came to the Balearic Islands in the 7th Century BC from Carthage (Tunisia),
which was a former Phoenician colony.
When the Persians conquered Phoenicia in the 6th Century BC (539 BC),
Carthage took control over the Phoenician colonies in the Iberian Peninsula.
• CHARACTERISTICS:
Frequent confrontations with the Greeks, so the Mediterranean was
divided into two
commercial areas:
• South  for Carthaginians
• North  for Greeks
• MAIN COLONIES: Ebussus (Ibiza) &
Carthago Nova (Cartagena).
CARTHAGINIANS

15. ACTIVITY 1c) In the blank map locate and
label the main Phoenician, Greek &
Carthaginian colonies in the Iberian Peninsula.

16. The Tartessians
TARTESSIAN KINGDOM  1st organized state in Iberian Pen.
 CHRONOLOGY:
 Splendour: 7th - 6th Centuries BC  due to trade with Phoenicians
& Greeks.
 End: around 500 BC  defeat against Carthaginians.
 LOCATION: uncertain  area between Huelva-Cádiz-Sevilla.
 CHARACTERISTICS:
 Political organisation: monarchy. Most important king: Argantonio
 Economy: mainly based on metallurgy  they extracted metals
(silver, tin, copper...) and trade them with the colonizers.

18. The legendary king ARGANTONIO (the "Silver Man“): according to
the Greek historian Herodotus, Argantonio ruled Tartessos for 80
years and lived 120 years.
TREASURE OF CARAMBOLO

19. ACTIVITY 1d) In the blank map locate, shade
and label the approximate area where the
Tartessian Kingdom developed.

20. 2. Second half of the 1st Millenium BC
Pre-Roman people

21. 2. Pre-Roman people
2nd half of the 1st millenium BC  the influence of the
colonisers in the Mediterranean coast (South East) and
the Indoeuropean Celts in the North West, divided the
inhabitants of the Peninsula into two different groups:
Iberians & Celts.
These groups were known
as “Pre-Romans” because
they were the population of
the Peninsula when the
Roman conquest started
(218 BC).

22. There were many different Iberian & Celtic
tribes. Although they were independent, they had
common characteristics.

23. ACTIVITY 2: Draw in your notebook a map of
the Iberian with the approximate location nof
the Celtic and the Iberian tribes.

24. ACTIVITY 3: Complete the chart.
IBERIANS CELTS
LOCATION &
INFLUENCE
 ________ & East.
 Influenced by the ___________ (Phoenicians,
Greeks & Carthaginians).
 ________ & West.
 Influenced by the ________________ Celts.
VILLAGES &
HOUSES
 Fortified villages.
 ______________ houses.
 Villages in ____________ areas known as
“_________”.
 _________ houses.
POLITICAL
ORGANISATION
 Organised as ____ - _________.
 Very _____________:
- Aristocracy (military & religious leaders)
- Traders, artisans & soldiers
- Farmers
 Organized in ______ & ________.
 Not so hierarchical.
ECONOMY
 Used ________.
 Main economic activities (very diverse):
- _________________ (Mediterranean triad)
- Cattle farming
- Metallurgy
- _________________ (pottery, textiles)
- _________ with Greeks & Carthaginians
 Didn’t use money (little trade; used the method of
___________).
 Main economic activities:
- _________ farming
- Metallurgy (iron & ________ tools)
RELIGION
 Offerings (“__________”) & worship of gods in
sanctuaries.
 _______________ of the dead  ashes in
ceramic ______ & buried with ____________,
food & weapons (urnfield culture).
 Worship of _________ _____________.
 Incineration of the dead.
CULTURE & ART
 Used ____________.
 Bronze offerings (“exvotos”).
 Stone sculptures of animals or humans 
most important ones: “Dama de _________” &
“Dama de _______”.
 ________ use writing.
 Sculptures of “____________” (stone pigs or bulls).

25. IBERIAN fortified
village

26. CELTIC village.
The “Castros”.

27. IBERIAN coins
(money)

28. IBERIAN craftwork

29. CELTIC metaltwork (iron & bronze tools)

30. IBERIAN burials
(URNFIELD CULTURE)
They incinerated the dead, and
placed their ashes in urns which
were then buried in fields.

31. IBERIAN writing

32. IBERIAN “exvotos”

33. IBERIAN stone sculptures 
LA DAMA DE ELCHE &
LA DAMA DE BAZA

34. CELTIC “verracos”
Toros de Guisando (Ávila)
Verraco de Gallegos
(Salamanca)

35. 3. Roman Hispania

36. The conquest of the Peninsula.
The Punic Wars between Carthage &
Rome were the origin of the Roman
conquest of the Iberian Peninsula!!!

37. Who fought? Carthage
VS Rome
Why did they fought for?
to control the western
Mediterranean: Sicily,
Corsica & Sardinia
Who won? Rome
Map of the Western Mediterranean at
the beginning of the 1st Punic War
1st PUNIC WAR: 264 – 241 BC

38. Map at the beginning of the
1st Punic War
(264 – 241 BC)
Map at the beginning of the
2nd Punic War
(218 – 201 BC)

39. Consequences of the 1st Punic War? Since Carthage had lost
territories, they changed the direction of their expansion  now
they focused on the Iberian Peninsula:
• Amilcar Barca conquered Gadir & founded
Cartago Nova.
• Later on, his sons Asdrubal & Anibal,
conquered the South West of the Peninsula.
• 226 BC: to stop the expansion, Carthage &
Rome signed the Ebro Treaty: Carthaginians
couldn’t go further north from the Ebro, and
the Romans couldn’t go further south....
...but someone was going to break this
treaty...!!!!

40. Carthaginian
conquests in
the Iberian
Peninsula

41. 2nd PUNIC WAR: 218 – 201 BC
Afraid of the expansion of the Carthaginians, Rome became an ally of
Sagunto, that was to the south of the Ebro. Hannibal thought this was
against the treaty, so he attacked Sagunto. Since Sagunto was an ally
of Rome, when this city was invaded, the Romans declared the war to
Carthage in 218 BC  it was the beginning of the 2nd Punic War.
The Roman general Publio Cornelio Escipión arrived at Emporion to
fight the Carthaginians and therefore the conquest of the Iberian
Peninsula began, despite it wasn’t their initial intention!!!!

42. Rome & Carthage in 218 BC
(beginning of 2nd Punic War)

43. The Romans came to the Iberian
Peninsula to fight against the
Carthaginians because they wanted
to cut off the supplies that the
Carthaginians sent to Anibal’s troops
in Italy through the Pyrenees and
the Alps.

44. Rome & Carthage in 201 BC
(end of 2nd Punic War)

45. PHASES OF THE CONQUEST OF HISPANIA:
The conquest of the Iberian Peninsula was a long & difficult
process. It took over 200 years to complete it!!!
 It began in 218 BC,
with the arrival of
Publio Cornelio
Escipión in Emporion.
 It ended in 19 BC
with the defeat of the
Astures & Cantabros
in the North-West.

46. The end of Roman Hispania
After the invasion
of the Germanic
Tribes (barbarians)
& the fall of the
Western Roman
Empire in 476, the
Iberian Peninsula
began to be
controlled by the
VISIGOTHS.

47. ACTIVITY 4: Copy and answer the following
questions in your notebook.
a) Explain the 1st Punic War.
b) Define:
 Ebro treaty
 Amilcar Barca
 Hannibal Barca
 Publio Cornelio Escipión
c) Explain in detail and with your own words the Roman
conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
d) What happened to Hispania after the fall of
the Western Roman Empire?

48. Administration & urban development
To make the administration of Hispania easier, the Romans
divided it into provinces that changed with time. Each
province was ruled by a governor.
Some important Roman
cities in Hispania were:
• Tarraco (Tarragona)
• Emerita Augusta (Merida)
• Corduba (Cordoba)
• Cartago Nova (Cartagena)
Provinces in Hispania during the Empire

49. Changes in the provincial division of Hispania

50. ACTIVITY 5: Copy the map of the provinces
in Hispania during the Empire. Include the
capital city of each province.

51. Roman culture was spread throughout Hispania.
 Latin replaced pre-roman languages
 Roman religion & later Christianity was adopted
 Roman urbanism & architecture was adopted
What is this process called???
Culture & art

52. RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS
Temple
of Diana
(Mérida)

53. PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Basilica
of Baelo
Claudia
(Cadiz)

54. Thermal Baths of Caldes de Montbuí (Barcelona)

55. Theatre
of
Emérita
Augusta
(Merida)

56. Amphitheatre of Tarraco (Tarragona)

57. Circus of Emerita
Augusta (Merida)

58. Triumphal Arch of Medinaceli

59. ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS
Víadela
Plata
VíaAugusta

60. Roman
Bridge of
Alcántara
(Cáceres)

61. Aqueduct
of
Segovia

62. Walls
of
Lugo

63. Tower of Hercules
(La Coruña)
What you can see nowadays is a reconstruction made in the
Neoclasical period (18th Century)