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Ubiquitous Computing
This document presents an introduction to ubiquitous computing. It discusses how ubiquitous computing aims to make many computers available throughout the physical environment, yet make them effectively invisible to the user. It outlines the three waves of computing as mainframes, personal computers, and ubiquitous computing. It also covers key elements of ubiquitous computing including ubiquitous networking, sensing, access, and middleware. Issues with privacy, reliability, and social impact are discussed.
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Ubiquitous Computing
- 1. 2110731 Distributed Systems Ubiquitous Computing Computer Engineering Department Chulalongkorn University Present by LogicalSync group Saturday, September 12, 2009 1
- 2. Introduction • What is Ubiquitous Computing? • Ubiquitous means everywhere • From the past, to present and beyond to the future... Saturday, September 12, 2009 2
- 3. Ubiquitous Computing • This term was coined by Marc Weiser of Xerox PARC around 1988 The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else. The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant. The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are; the computer should extend your unconscious. Saturday, September 12, 2009 3
- 4. Three Waves ofComputing •Main Frame •Personal Computer •Ubiquitous Computing Saturday, September 12, 2009 4
- 5. Three Waves ofComputing •Main Frame Many person - One computer •Personal Computer •Ubiquitous Computing Saturday, September 12, 2009 4
- 6. Three Waves ofComputing •Main Frame Many person - One computer •Personal Computer One person - One computer •Ubiquitous Computing Saturday, September 12, 2009 4
- 7. Three Waves ofComputing •Main Frame Many person - One computer •Personal Computer One person - One computer •Ubiquitous Computing One person - Many computer Saturday, September 12, 2009 4
- 8. Moore’s Law • The number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit has increased exponentially, doubling approximately every two years. Saturday, September 12, 2009 5
- 9. Computer is everywhere • Mobile Phone • Car • Refrigerator • Shoes (Nike) Saturday, September 12, 2009 6
- 10. Key Elements inUbiquitous Computing Let there be enlightenment Saturday, September 12, 2009 7
- 11. Key elements ofUbiquitous Computing • Ubiquitous Networking • Ubiquitous Sensing • Ubiquitous Access • Ubiquitous Middleware Ubicomp required - Networking as a place to share data. - Sensing as eyes and ears to add more “ awareness” - Access from anywhere (mobile, wearable) and display with more natural - require less attention. - Middleware to shield application from low-level details Saturday, September 12, 2009 8
- 12. Ubiquitous Networking Net working is a bare bone for ubicomp In order to access net work, we need “identification” to define which “thing” is accessing. Saturday, September 12, 2009 9
- 13. Ubiquitous Sensing • Give systems “eyes and ears” • Adding more “Awareness” to Ubiquitous Network Pressure Sensor Voice Sensor • Automatic Measuring Acceleration Sensor Saturday, September 12, 2009 10
- 14. Ubiquitous Access • Access from anywhere • Required less attention • Mobile Computer • Wearable Computer Wearable Computer Saturday, September 12, 2009 11
- 15. Ambient Displays E-Ink weather Saturday, September 12, 2009 12
- 16. Ubiquitous Middleware • Typically a software • Shield an application from low-level details • Interact with Ubiquitous Networking, Sensing and Access Saturday, September 12, 2009 13
- 17. How does itworks? Putting them all together Saturday, September 12, 2009 14
- 18. Identification Who am I speaking with? Saturday, September 12, 2009 15
- 19. Identification • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) • Provide an identity to things • Book • Clothes • Active - has battery • Passive - harvest energy from reader • Main area of use is in retail supply chain • Mobile phones with embedded RFID is being used in Japan Saturday, September 12, 2009 16
- 20. Identification • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) • Provide an identity to things • Book • Clothes • Active - has battery • Passive - harvest energy from reader • Main area of use is in retail supply chain • Mobile phones with embedded RFID is being used in Japan Saturday, September 12, 2009 16
- 21. Identification • Visual bar codes • QR Codes (Quick Response) is widely used in Japan • Drawback is rely on user action rather than “Automatic” Saturday, September 12, 2009 17
- 22. Identification • Visual bar codes • QR Codes (Quick Response) is widely used in Japan • Drawback is rely on user action rather than “Automatic” Saturday, September 12, 2009 17
- 23. Location Where am I now? Saturday, September 12, 2009 18
- 24. Location • The ability to locate objects/devices current location • Global Positioning System (GPS) • Mobile Augmented Reality Application - Layar Saturday, September 12, 2009 19
- 25. Location • The ability to locate objects/devices current location • Global Positioning System (GPS) • Mobile Augmented Reality Application - Layar Saturday, September 12, 2009 19
- 26. Context Awareness Relevant information in the right form, time and place Saturday, September 12, 2009 20
- 27. Context Awareness • Intelligent Agents which can “learn” • Voice analysis, Gaze tracking, from experience Machine vision • Respond to environmental data • Emotional Awareness • Sensor detect your friend come to the room, room’s temperature is cooling down • Sensor detect you are in the cinema, so the phone won’t ring Saturday, September 12, 2009 21
- 28. The Aware Home A prototype of Ubiquitous Computing application Saturday, September 12, 2009 22
- 29. A living laboratoryfor Ubiquitous The Aware Home Computing Saturday, September 12, 2009 23
- 30. Issues in UbiquitousComputing Today’s problems and solutions Saturday, September 12, 2009 24
- 31. Issues in UbiquitousComputing • Privacy - How can I trust the others • Reliability / Availability - Always on network • Smart Sensors - Are currently in research / development • Social Impact - It changes our life style Saturday, September 12, 2009 25
- 32. Summary Ubiquitous Computing is all about Human! Because we love comfortable living Sci-fi movie is not far from reality Saturday, September 12, 2009 26
- 33. References • Emerging Technologies for Learning - Volume 2 (2007) - Ubiquitous Computing by David Ley, Becta • Advances in Ubiquitous Computing by Soraya, Kouadri, Mostefaoui • The Aware Home: A Living Laboratory for Ubiquitous Computing Research • Mark Weiser - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Weiser • Sensor Devices - http://www.randomterrain.com/futuristic-inventions-cool- stuff-sensor.html Saturday, September 12, 2009 27