This document summarizes distributed computing. It discusses the history and origins of distributed computing in the 1960s with concurrent processes communicating through message passing. It describes how distributed computing works by splitting a program into parts that run simultaneously on multiple networked computers. Examples of distributed systems include telecommunication networks, network applications, real-time process control systems, and parallel scientific computing. The advantages of distributed computing include economics, speed, reliability, and scalability while the disadvantages include complexity and network problems.
A Distributed computing architeture consists of very lightweight software agents installed on a number of client systems , and one or more dedicated distributed computing managment servers.
A Distributed computing architeture consists of very lightweight software agents installed on a number of client systems , and one or more dedicated distributed computing managment servers.
Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. It s also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it.
Inter-Process Communication in distributed systemsAya Mahmoud
Inter-Process Communication is at the heart of all distributed systems, so we need to know the ways that processes can exchange information.
Communication in distributed systems is based on Low-level message passing as offered by the underlying network.
Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. It s also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it.
Inter-Process Communication in distributed systemsAya Mahmoud
Inter-Process Communication is at the heart of all distributed systems, so we need to know the ways that processes can exchange information.
Communication in distributed systems is based on Low-level message passing as offered by the underlying network.
Distributed System Unit 1 Notes by Dr. Nilam Choudhary, SKIT JaipurDrNilam Choudhary
Distributed System is a collection of autonomous computer systems that are physically separated but are connected by a centralized computer network that is equipped with distributed system software. The autonomous computers will communicate among each system by sharing resources and files and performing the tasks assigned to them.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
2. CONTENTS:-
Overview
History
Introduction
Working of Distributed system
Types
Motivation
goals
characteristics
architecture
example
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Reference
3. OVERVIEW
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
A distributed system is one in which hardware or
software components located at networked computers
communicate and coordinate their actions only by
message passing.
In the term distributed computing, the word
distributed means spread out across space. Thus,
distributed computing is an activity performed on a
distributed system.
These networked computers may be in the same
room, same campus, same country, or in different
country.
4. HISTORY
The use of concurrent processes that communicate by
message-passing has its roots in operating
system architectures studied in the 1960s.
The study of distributed computing became its own branch of
computer science in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The first conference in the field, Symposium on Principles of
Distributed Computing (PODC), dates back to 1982, and its
European counterpart International Symposium on Distributed
Computing (DISC) was first held in 1985.
5. INTRODUCTION
In distributed system each processor have its own memory. The
computational entities are called computers or nodes.
In distributed computing a program is split up into parts that run
simultaneously on multiple computers communicating over a network.
Distributed computing is a form of parallel computing.
7. TYPES OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING:
Grid computing
Multiple independent computing clusters which act like a “grid”
because they are composed of resource nodes not located within a
single administrative domain. (formal)
The creation of a “virtual supercomputer” by using spare
computing resources within an organization.
Cloud computing
Cloud computing is a computing paradigm shift where computing
is moved away from personal computers or an individual
application server to a “cloud” of computers. Users of the cloud
only need to be concerned with the computing service being asked
for, as the underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden. This
method of distributed computing is done through pooling all
computer resources together and being managed by software rather
than a human.
8. MOTIVATION
The main motivations in moving to a distributed system
are the following:
Inherently distributed applications.
Performance/cost.
Resource sharing.
Flexibility and extensibility.
Availability and fault tolerance.
Scalability.
9. GOALS
Making Resources Accessible
The main goal of a distributed system is to make it easy for the users (and
applications) to access remote resources, and to share them in a controlled and
efficient way.
Distribution Transparency
An important goal of a distributed system is to hide the fact that its processes and
resources are physically distributed across multiple computers.
Openness
An open distributed system is a system that offers services according to standard
rules that describe the syntax and semantics of those services.
scalability
Scalability of a system can be measured along at least three different dimensions.
10. CHARACTERISTICS
Resource Sharing:- Resource sharing is the ability to use any hardware, software or data
anywhere in the system.
Openness:- Openness is concerned with extensions and improvements of distributed systems.
Concurrency:- Concurrency arises naturally in distributed systems from the separate activities
of users, the independence of resources and the location of server processes in separate
computers.
Scalability:- Scalability concerns the ease of the increasing the scale of the system (e.g. the
number of processor) so as to accommodate more users and/or to improve the corresponding
responsiveness of the system.
Fault tolerance:- Fault tolerance cares the reliability of the system so that in case of failure of
hardware, software or network, the system continues to operate properly, without significantly
degrading the performance of the system.
Transparency:- Transparency hides the complexity of the distributed systems to the users and
application programmers.
12. EXAMPLES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
Examples of distributed systems and applications of distributed computing include the following:
Telecommunication networks:
Telephone networks and cellular networks
Computer networks such as the Internet
Network applications:
World wide web and peer-to-peer networks
Massively multiplayer online games and virtual reality communities
Real-time process control:
Aircraft control systems
Industrial control systems
Parallel computation:
Scientific computing, including cluster computing and grid computing and various volunteer
computing projects
Distributed rendering in computer graphics
13. ADVANTAGES
Economics
Speed
Inherent distribution of applications
Reliability
Extensibility and Incremental Growth
Distributed custodianship
Data integration
Missed opportunities
15. CONCLUSION
In this age of optimization everybody is trying to
get optimized output from their limited resources.
The concept of distributed computing is the most
efficient way to achieve the optimization. In case of
distributed computing the actual task is modularized
and is distributed among various computer system. It
not only increases the efficiency of the task but also
reduce the total time required to complete the task.
16. REFERENCES
Distributed Computing.
http://distributedcomputing.info/index.html
Jie Wu, Distributed System Design, CRC Press, 1999.
Distributed Computing, Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing
http://www.mu.ac.in/myweb_test/MCA%20study%20materi
al/M.C.A.(Sem%20-
%20V)%20Distributed%20Computing.pdf
What is distributed computing? - Definition from
WhatIs.com
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0911/0911.4395.pdf