This document provides an introduction to reactor design in chemical reaction engineering. It discusses the key factors involved in reactor design, including size, type, temperature, and production rate. It also describes the main types of reactors based on operation (batch, continuous, semi-batch), shape (tank, tubular), and number of phases (homogeneous, heterogeneous). Material and energy balances are important design equations, taking into account input/output, reaction losses, and accumulation. Temperature effects must also be considered since reaction rates strongly depend on temperature.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Introduction to Chemical Reactors and Chemical Reaction EngineeringMuhammad Sajid Liaqat
The presentation covers the following topics developing a conceptual approach to Chemical Reaction Engg.
The rate equation
Reactor Systems
Types of reactors
Reactor design parameter
Fixed bed reactors
Fluidized bed reactors
Stirred tank reactors
Slurry loop reactors
Bubble columns
Mole balances for multiple reactions
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
Plug Flow Reactor are used to carry out the reactions like suzuki reaction, hoffmann reaction, grignard reaction, oxidation reaction, biocatalysis and many more.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
Introduction to Chemical Reactors and Chemical Reaction EngineeringMuhammad Sajid Liaqat
The presentation covers the following topics developing a conceptual approach to Chemical Reaction Engg.
The rate equation
Reactor Systems
Types of reactors
Reactor design parameter
Fixed bed reactors
Fluidized bed reactors
Stirred tank reactors
Slurry loop reactors
Bubble columns
Mole balances for multiple reactions
Chemical reaction engineering is that engineering activity which is concerned with the exploitation of chemical reactions on commercial scale.
The areas of different fields of science like:
Oil Refining
Pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology
Chemical Industries
Sustainable Development
Plug Flow Reactor are used to carry out the reactions like suzuki reaction, hoffmann reaction, grignard reaction, oxidation reaction, biocatalysis and many more.
Process Modelling and Control : Summary most important points in process mo...Rami Bechara
Preview of the most important points required for dynamic process modelling
LaPlace transforms, Transfer Function Diagrams, Response to changes in input variable
Lecture 3 kinetics of homogeneous reactionsUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineeringThis slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
Difference between batch,mixed flow & plug-flow reactorUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
PDC Presentation on Topic of the Batch Reactors. This Presentation will save ur Lots of Time and Effort if you are Lucky One to Have this as ur ALA Topic.. Kudos Guys
Process Modelling and Control : Summary most important points in process mo...Rami Bechara
Preview of the most important points required for dynamic process modelling
LaPlace transforms, Transfer Function Diagrams, Response to changes in input variable
Lecture 3 kinetics of homogeneous reactionsUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineeringThis slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
Difference between batch,mixed flow & plug-flow reactorUsman Shah
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
PDC Presentation on Topic of the Batch Reactors. This Presentation will save ur Lots of Time and Effort if you are Lucky One to Have this as ur ALA Topic.. Kudos Guys
Reactores batch quimicos para la industria en campos de ingenieria.pptBastheanFranciscoPin
eactores Discontinuos o Batch: Son recipientes con agitación en el cual se cargan los reactivos y se descargan una vez la reacción ha finalizado. Se caracterizan por no trabajar en condiciones estacionarias. Tanto la temperatura como las composiciones varían constantemente.
This slide completely describes you about the stuff include in it and also everything about chemical engineering. Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics. Mass Transfer Chemical Engineering. Energy Engineering, Mass Transfer 2, Heat Transfer,
CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTORS WORKING PRINCIPLE, ADVANTAGEES ,DISADVANTAGES ,SYNTH...krishnapriyakr26
CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTORS
WORKING PRINCIPLE, ADVANTAGES AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONThe concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
The concept of “Flow chemistry” defines a very general range of chemical process that occur in a continuous flowing stream, conventionally takes place in a reactor zone
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Chemical Reaction Engineering
• Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that study the rates,
mechanism of chemical reactions and the design of the reaction in
which they take place.
3. In majority of cases, reactor do three things, it provide
• Residence time
• Heat transfer
• Mix phase
Principle factors involved in the design of reactors
The principle factors which must be considered in the design of the reactor
are
1. Size of reactor
2. Type of reactor
4. 3. Time or duration of reaction
4. Temperature and composition of reacting material in the reactor
5. Heat transfer
6. Production rate
5. Types of reactor
• Chemical reactor may have a variety of sizes, shapes, and operating
conditions. We here to try to classify them in three different modes
1. Based on method of operation
2. Based on shape
3. Based on No. of phases involved
6. Based on Method of operation
• Batch reactor
• Continuous flow ( steady flow) Reactor
• Semi-Batch (semi-continuous)
7. Batch reactor
• A batch reactor has neither inflow nor outflow of reactants or
products while the reaction is being carried out.
• In such extent reaction and properties of the reaction vary with time
• The composition changes with time
composition change
8. Continuous Reactor or Steady State Reactor
• In this case reactants are continuously fed into the reactor and
product are continuously removed from the reactor.
• Continuous reactors are used a wide range of chemical and biological
process with in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
• The composition at any point is not changed with time.
• The continuous flow reactors are classified as
1. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
2. Plug flow reactor (PFR)
3. Packed bed reactor (PBR)
9. • The steady state flow reactor is ideal for industrial purpose when
large quantities of material are to be processed and when the rate of
reaction is fairly high to extreme high.
• However extremely good products quality can be obtained.
10. Semi-Batch Un-steady state Reactors
• One or more reactant is in a batch modes while co-reactant is added
at once and continuously remove products as they formed .
Semi-batch reactor may be either
1. Reactors in which volume and composition changes
11. • 2. Reactor in which volume changes but the composition is
unchanged
• Reactors in which volume is constant but composition changes
12. Based on shape
• Tank Reactor
• Tubular Reactor
• Tank Reactor
An ideal reactor is one in which stirring is so efficient that the contents are
always uniform in composition and temperature throughout the tank.
This type of reactors are called Stirred tank or well – mixed reactor. The
simple tank reactor may be operated in a variety of modes, Batch, Semi
batch, or continuous flow. When it is continuous its called Continuous stirred
tank reactor (CSTR)
13. Tubular Reactor
• A tubular flow reactor (TFR) is a tube (or pipe) through which
reactants flow and are converted to products.
• The reactants are continuously consumed as they flow in the axial
direction.
• The concentration varies along the axial direction. They also called
plug flow reactor (PFR) etc.
14. Example of Tubular Reactor
Plug flow reactor
• Plug flow reactor ideal flow reactor in which no back mixing occur.
• The composition of the reactions mixture changes along the length
of the reactor.
15. Based on No. of phases involved
• Homogeneous
• Heterogeneous
16. Fundamentals Design equation
• The starting point for all design is the material balance expressed for
any reactant (or product).
• In short,
Input – Output – Loss of reaction = Accumulation
17. Factors considered in Designing
• Where the composition within the reactor is uniform , we will
consider the whole reactor of material balance.
• On the other hand, when the composition is not uniform, it must be
made over a differential element of volume and then integrated
across the whole reactor for the appropriate flow and concentration
conditions.
• For the batch reactor the first two terms are zero.
• For continuous flow reaction the fourth term disappears.
18. • Where for unsteady state condition are involved, it will be necessary
to integrate over time as over volume in order to determine the
performance of the reactor.
• Since rate of chemical reaction is normally strongly temperature
dependent. Its essential to know the temperature at each point in the
reactor in order to be able to utilize the material balance properly.
• When there temperature gradients with in the reactor it is necessary
to utilize an energy balance.
19. • The general energy balance can be written as
• However, in chemical reactor only the enthalpy term is significant.
• Although the heat effect in chemical reaction are significant, shaft
work effect are usually negligible.
20. • The energy effects associated with composition changes are a direct
reflection of enthalpy change associated with the reaction (i.e., heat
of reaction).
• For stirred tank reactor content are uniform in temperature and
composition throughout and it is possible to write the energy balance
over the entire reactor.
Editor's Notes
the rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how much reactant is consumed, or how much product is produced, by the reaction in a given amount of time. The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time.
One or more reactant is in a batch modes while co reactant is fed and withdrawn continuously
A semi-batch process is when reactants are periodically added or products are periodically removed
Semibatch reactors allow for slow addition of reactants in order to control the heat released and thus, temperature, in the reactor.
Good control of reaction speed
Back mixing in a tubular reactor will have a definite adverse effect on performance of the reactor
Accumulation Accumulation is usually the rate of change of holdup within the system -- the change of material within the system.
A batch reactor has no input or output when the reaction is occurring
and if the reaction mixture is perfectly mixed so that rA is independent of position,
CSTRs are operated at steady state (accumulation = 0) and are assumed to be perfectly mixed. This makes the temperature, concentration, and reaction rate independent of position in the reactor
In oder to determine the temp and composition at each point in the reactor
Measuring the change in enthalpy allows us to determine whether a reaction was endothermic (absorbed heat, positive change in enthalpy) or exothermic (released heat, a negative change in enthalpy.) It is used to calculate the heat of reaction of a chemical process
Most chemical reactions are faster at higher temperatures and heat exchangers are frequently used to provide the heat necessary to increase the temperature of the reaction.
As temperature increases, reactions take place. Generally, higher temperatures mean faster reaction rates; as molecules move about more quickly, reactant molecules are more likely to interact, forming products
Shaft work refers to energy transferred across the boundary by a rotating shaft.
In symbols, the enthalpy, H, equals the sum of the internal energy, E, and the product of the pressure, P, and volume, V, of the system: H = E + PV. According to the law of energy conservation, the change in internal energy is equal to the heat transferred to, less the work done by, the system.
Energy is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds are formed or broken during chemical reactions. Energy changes are one of the most important factors in determining whether a chemical reaction will occur. Chemical reactions that release energy often occur on their own, or spontaneously