A fluid is a state of matter in which its molecules move freely and do not bear a constant relationship in space to other molecules.
In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects: steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving.
Fluids are :-
Liquid : blood, i.v. infusions)
Gas : O2 , N2O)
Vapour (transition from liquid to gas) : N2O (under compression in cylinder), volatile inhalational agents (halothane, isoflurane, etc)
Sublimate (transition from solid to gas bypassing liquid state) : Dry ice (solid CO2), iodine
1. Introduction to Kinematics
2. Methods of Describing Fluid Motion
a). Lagrangian Method
b). Eulerian Method
3. Flow Patterns
- Stream Line
- Path Line
- Streak Line
- Streak Tube
4. Classification of Fluid Flow
a). Steady and Unsteady Flow
b). Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow
c). Laminar and Turbulent Flow
d). Rotational and Irrotational Flow
e). Compressible and Incompressible Flow
f). Ideal and Real Flow
g). One, Two and Three Dimensional Flow
5. Rate of Flow (Discharge) and Continuity Equation
6. Continuity Equation in Three Dimensions
7. Velocity and Acceleration
8. Stream and Velocity Potential Functions
Different types of flows and lines in fluid flow.Muhammad Bilal
this presentation includes all the possible flows which a fluid can have when it is moving in a 3D space it also contain the different kinds of lines such as stream lines,path lines and streak lines for a fluid flow ( steady and unsteady).
A fluid is a state of matter in which its molecules move freely and do not bear a constant relationship in space to other molecules.
In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects: steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving.
Fluids are :-
Liquid : blood, i.v. infusions)
Gas : O2 , N2O)
Vapour (transition from liquid to gas) : N2O (under compression in cylinder), volatile inhalational agents (halothane, isoflurane, etc)
Sublimate (transition from solid to gas bypassing liquid state) : Dry ice (solid CO2), iodine
1. Introduction to Kinematics
2. Methods of Describing Fluid Motion
a). Lagrangian Method
b). Eulerian Method
3. Flow Patterns
- Stream Line
- Path Line
- Streak Line
- Streak Tube
4. Classification of Fluid Flow
a). Steady and Unsteady Flow
b). Uniform and Non-Uniform Flow
c). Laminar and Turbulent Flow
d). Rotational and Irrotational Flow
e). Compressible and Incompressible Flow
f). Ideal and Real Flow
g). One, Two and Three Dimensional Flow
5. Rate of Flow (Discharge) and Continuity Equation
6. Continuity Equation in Three Dimensions
7. Velocity and Acceleration
8. Stream and Velocity Potential Functions
Different types of flows and lines in fluid flow.Muhammad Bilal
this presentation includes all the possible flows which a fluid can have when it is moving in a 3D space it also contain the different kinds of lines such as stream lines,path lines and streak lines for a fluid flow ( steady and unsteady).
In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.
In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.
A flywheel, in essence is a mechanical battery - simply a mass rotating about an axis.Flywheels store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.They take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up to speed by using the built-in motor, and return the electrical energy by using this same motor as a generator.Flywheels are one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lead acid batteries as energy storage systems.
introduction to flow,flow type,laminar,turbulent,one dimensional flow,two dimensional flow,type of flow measurement,flow measuring elements,orifices,nozzles,venturi,pitot tubes,limitations,advantages of the elements,application of elements
FMM-UNIT II FLOW THROUGH CIRCULAR CONDUITSKarthik R
Hydraulic and energy gradient - Laminar flow through circular conduits and circular annuli- Boundary layer concepts – types of boundary layer thickness – Darcy Weisbach equation –friction
factor- Moody diagram- commercial pipes- minor losses – Flow through pipes in series and
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
2. Subject : Fluid Mechanics
Topic : Types of Flows
Branch : 4th Mechanical
Prepared By :
Amit H. Makwana ( 140210119064 )
Dharmesh D. Baraiya ( 140210119005 )
3. Types of Flows
Steady and unsteady flow.
Uniform and non-uniform flow.
Laminar and turbulent flow.
Compressible and
incompressible flow.
Rotational and irrotational flow
One, two and three-dimensional
flow.
4. Steady and Unsteady Flow :
• The flow in which fluid characteristics like velocity,
pressure, density etc. at a point does not changes with time is
called as steady flow.
• Eg flow of water with constant discharge through a
pipeline is as steady flow.
∂v / ∂t = 0 ∂ρ / ∂t = 0 ∂ρ / ∂t = 0
• The flow in which fluid characteristics like velocity,
pressure, density etc. at a point changes with time is called as
unsteady flow.
• E.g flow of water with varying discharge though a pipe is
as unsteady flow.
∂v / ∂t ≠ 0 ∂ρ / ∂t ≠ 0 ∂ρ / ∂t ≠ 0
5. Uniform and Non-uniform Flow :
• The flow in which velocity at a given time does not change
with respect to space (length of direction of flow is called as
uniform flow.
• E.g flow through a long straight pipe of uniform diameter is
considered as uniform flow.
∂v / ∂s = 0
• The flow in which velocity at a given time changes with
respect to space (length of direction of flow) is called as non-
uniform flow.
• E.g flow through a long pipe with varying cross section is
consider as non-uniform flow.
∂v / ∂s ≠ 0
(a) Uniform velocity (b) Non – uniform velocity
6. Laminar and Turbulent Flow :
• The flow in which the adjacent layer do not cross to
each other and move along the well defined path is
called as laminar flow.
• E.g. flow of blood in small veins, flow of ail in
bearings, flow in porous media, flow of highly.
• The flow in which the adjacent layers cross each
other and do not move along the well define path is
called as turbulent flow.
• E.g. flow through a river or canal, smoke from
chimney, smoke from a cigarette.
7. • If Reynolds’s number is less than 2000,
then the flow is laminar.
• If Reynolds’s number is more than
4000, then the flow is turbulent.
• If Reynolds’s number is between 2000
to 4000, then the flow is transit.
8. Compressible and Incompressible Flow :
• The flow in which the density does not remain
constant for the fluid flow is called as compressible
flow.
• E.g. problems involving flight of rockets,
aircrafts, flow fo air in problems concerned with
tubomachines, compressor blades, flow of gases
through openings like nozzles.
• The flow in which the density is constant for the
fluid flow is called as incompressible flow.
• E.g. problems involving liquids i.e. hydraulics
problems, flow of gases in machines like fans and
blowers.
9. Rotational and Irrigational Flow :
• The flow in which the fluid particle while flowing
along stream lines, also rotate about their own axis is
called as rotational flow.
• E.g. motion of liquid in a rotating cylinder (forced
vortex) as rotational flow.
• The flow in which the fluid particle while flowing
along streamlines, do not rotate about their own axis
is called as irrigational flow.
• E.g. flow of liquid in an emptying wash-basin (free
vortex) as a rotational flow.
10. One, Two and Three-dimensional Flow :
• The flow in which the velocity is the function of time and
one space co-ordinate (x) is called as One-dimensional
flow.
• E.g. flow through the pipe is consider as a one
dimensional flow.
u = f(x), v = 0, w = 0
• The flow in which the velocity is the function of time
and to space co-ordinate (x,y) is called as two-dimensional
flow.
11. • Eg viscous flow between parallel plates of large extent, flow at
the middle part of airplane wing, flow over a long spillway, flow
below long weirs are consider as two-dimensional flow.
u = f1(x,y), v = f2 (x,y), w = 0
• The flow is converging or diverging pipes or open channels are
as three dimensional flow. Flow in a river, flow at a inlet of a nozzle
etc. are the example of three-dimensional flow.
u = f1 (x,y,z), v = f2 (x,y,z), w = f3 (x,y,z) 0