Radiation and radioactive waste can have biological effects on animals, plants, and humans. Radioactive waste is material contaminated by radio nuclides, which are unstable atoms that decay and emit radiation. Exposure to ionizing radiation depends on the type and amount of radiation, dose received, and exposure conditions. While low doses may cause no immediate harm, high doses can cause radiation sickness, cancer, and genetic effects in the short and long term. Radiation can damage plants' growth, development, and genetic makeup. In humans, high radiation exposure can cause initial symptoms like nausea and vomiting and higher doses may cause hair loss, organ damage, and death in some cases. Long term effects include increased risk of cancers and diseases. Proper
Effects of radiation
Signs and symptoms of radiation
Infected period of radiation
Dosage
Calculation of dosage
Units and SI units used
Diseases caused by radiation
Radioresistant
Effects of radiation
Signs and symptoms of radiation
Infected period of radiation
Dosage
Calculation of dosage
Units and SI units used
Diseases caused by radiation
Radioresistant
This Lecture is focussed on Environment Hazards of Nuclear Radiation and its Danger for the future of mankind; with special reference to Indo-Pak relations.
Radioactivity refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation.
Biological effects of radiation provides the knowledge about how the radiation effects human beings and animals and how can we saves ourself from radiation.
This Lecture is focussed on Environment Hazards of Nuclear Radiation and its Danger for the future of mankind; with special reference to Indo-Pak relations.
Radioactivity refers to the particles which are emitted from nuclei as a result of nuclear instability. Because the nucleus experiences the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature, it should not be surprising that there are many nuclear isotopes which are unstable and emit some kind of radiation.
Biological effects of radiation provides the knowledge about how the radiation effects human beings and animals and how can we saves ourself from radiation.
A fluid is a state of matter in which its molecules move freely and do not bear a constant relationship in space to other molecules.
In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects: steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving.
Fluids are :-
Liquid : blood, i.v. infusions)
Gas : O2 , N2O)
Vapour (transition from liquid to gas) : N2O (under compression in cylinder), volatile inhalational agents (halothane, isoflurane, etc)
Sublimate (transition from solid to gas bypassing liquid state) : Dry ice (solid CO2), iodine
A flywheel, in essence is a mechanical battery - simply a mass rotating about an axis.Flywheels store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.They take an electrical input to accelerate the rotor up to speed by using the built-in motor, and return the electrical energy by using this same motor as a generator.Flywheels are one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lead acid batteries as energy storage systems.
radioactive-pollution slide share for effectively studyingvimalkumar678310
Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) definition).Such contamination presents a hazard because the radioactive decay of the contaminants produces ionizing radiation (namely alpha, beta, gamma rays and free neutrons). The degree of hazard is determined by the concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted, the type of radiation, and the proximity of the contamination to organs of the body. It is important to be clear that the contamination gives rise to the radiation hazard, and the terms "radiation" and "contamination" are not interchangeable.
The sources of radioactive pollution can be classified into two groups: natural and man-made. Following an atmospheric nuclear weapon discharge or a nuclear reactor containment breach, the air, soil, people, plants, and animals in the vicinity will become contaminated by nuclear fuel and fission products. A spilled vial of radioactive material like uranyl nitrate may contaminate the floor and any rags used to wipe up the spill. Cases of widespread radioactive contamination include the Bikini Atoll, the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado, the area near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the area near the Chernobyl disaster, and the area near the Mayak disaster.Such contamination presents a hazard because the radioactive decay of the contaminants produces ionizing radiation (namely alpha, beta, gamma rays and free neutrons). The degree of hazard is determined by the concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted, the type of radiation, and the proximity of the contamination to organs of the body. It is important to be clear that the contamination gives rise to the radiation hazard, and the terms "radiation" and "contamination" are not interchangeable.
The sources of radioactive pollution can be classified into two groups: natural and man-made. Following an atmospheric nuclear weapon discharge or a nuclear reactor containment breach, the air, soil, people, plants, and animals in the vicinity will become contaminated by nuclear fuel and fission products. A spilled vial of radioactive material like uranyl nitrate may contaminate the floor and any rags used to wipe up the spill. Cases of widespread radioactive contamination include the Bikini Atoll, the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado, the area near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, the area near the Chernobyl disaster, and the area near the Mayak disaster.Such contamination presents a hazard because the radioactive decay of the contaminants produces ionizing radiation (namely alpha, beta, gamma rays and free neutrons). The degree of hazard is determined by the concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted.
Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things, especially health effects of radiation.
The action is very complex, involving physics, chemistry, and biology
– Different types of ionizing radiation
– Energy absorption at the atomic and molecular level
leads to biological damage
– Repair of damage in living organisms
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Radiation ppt
1.
2. Radiation
Radio active waste
Biological effects
•On animals
•On plants
•On humans
Preventive measures of radiation
3. What is Radiation?
“Invisible energy waves or particles”
The radioactivity is the
property of some atoms to
spontaneously give off
energy as particles or rays.
The atoms that make up the
radioactive materials are the
source of radiation.
What is Radioactivity?
5. INTRODUCTION
Radioactive waste is a material deemed no
longer useful that has been contaminated by
or contains radio nuclides.
Radio nuclides are unstable atoms of an
element that decay, or disintegrate
spontaneously, emitting energy in the form
of radiation.
Releases of radio nuclides to the surrounding
environment in liquid and gaseous forms.
6. Ionizing and Non-ionizing radiation?
• Radiation carries a range of energy forming an electromagnetic spectrum.
• Radiation that does not have enough energy to break chemical bonds but
can vibrate atom is referred to as “Non-ionizing Radiations” e.g. radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, visible light etc.
• Radiation that has enough energy to break chemical bonds is referred to as
'ionizing radiation, e.g. alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays etc.
7. • The potential biological effects and damages caused by
radiation depend on the conditions of the radiation
exposure.
• It is determined by:
• quality of radiation
• quantity of radiation
• received dose of radiation
• exposure conditions (spatial distribution)
• Particles with high energy loss effects cause typically
greater damage.
• Radiation can cause immediate effects (radiation sickness),
but also long term effects which may occur many years
(cancer) or several generations later (genetic effects).
• Biological effects of radiation result from both direct and
indirect action of radiation.
8. • Green plants are extremely sensitive to
gamma rays.
• Higher plants have more radio sensitivity
than lower plants.
• Plants response varies according to age,
growth stage, plant species, chromosome
volume and level of radiation.
• Degree of damage ∞ intensity and duration
of exposure of radiation.
9. Causes • Changes in morphological,
cellular and genetic levels.
• Alterations in plant’s
vascular system, water
transportation and other
functions also affected.
• More causes are
• Retarded growth, decreased
percent germination.
• Gigantism, dwarfism, curly
and misshaped leaves.
• Negative effects on Seeds.
10. • Radiation gives positive results also..
–In crop improvement protocols
–High disease resistance, vigor and high
productivity.
• But high dosage may kill the plants..
• It mutate the DNA even in room
temperature.
• In a food chain, radiation may affect
primary and secondary consumers also.
11. • It may include tumor, dry, itchy
skin, hair loss and discoloration
of the skin around the tumor
site.
• In addition, these particular
tumors often release a
disagreeable odor as the
cancerous cells die.
• More serious side effects may
include some nerve damage and
either the death or hardening
(called fibrosis) of healthy tissue.
13. • Initial signs include,
• Nausea, vomiting, headache , some loss of white blood
cells
• Doses of 300 rems or more cause temporary
hair loss, but also more significant internal
harm, including damage to nerve cells and the
cells that line the digestive tract.
• Besides the symptoms, these people also suffer
from fever and diarrhea. If no effective
treatment is given, death occurs within two to
fourteen days.
14. • For survivors, diseases such as leukemia, lung
cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and
cancers of other organs can appear due to
the radiation received.
• But Exposure to ionising radiation does not
necessarily cause cancer
15. Effects on Humans…
• Because man's body contains a lot of water,
gamma rays traverse through water (H2O)
molecules. Ionization of water usually results
in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
These molecules can attack a biomolecule and
'denature' (= kill) it.
• Radioactive lead, retains the ability to cause
brain damage and plutonium clumps on the
surface of bone, delivering a concentrated
dose of alpha radiation to surrounding cells.
16.
17. • Site selection for nuclear
power plants should be
carefully made to avoid, or
minimize to the extent
possible, most of those
impacts.
• The safe management of
radioactive waste is
necessary to protect public
health.
• If handled improperly,
potential exposures of
humans to high-level
radioactive waste can be
dangerous, even deadly.