The document discusses types of greenhouses and their components. It describes different types of greenhouses based on shape, utility, construction, and covering materials. Common shapes include lean-to, even span, uneven span, and ridge and furrow. Greenhouses can be designed for active heating or cooling. Frame materials include wood, pipes, and trusses. Covering options are glass, plastic films, rigid panels, and polyhouses. Key greenhouse components are the roof, gables, cladding, gutters, columns, purlins, ridges, and foundations. Greenhouses are used to grow plants out of season and in a controlled environment.

1. Types of Greenhouse and
its Components
Delivered by
Er. Lakhan S. Adewar
M. Tech. (Agricultural structure & Environment management))
Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development
Association (IRADA), Satara
Online Training on
“Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture”

2. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
WHAT IS GREEN HOUSE?
Building designed for the protection of loving or out-of-season
plants against excessive cold or heat.
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Protection from:
• Rain Fall
• Sun Light
• Birds
• Insects
• Soil Inconsistency
• Temperature and Humidity
A green house has one purpose to
provide and maintain the environment
that will result in optimum crop
production or maximum profit.

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Why it is called as a Greenhouse?
• Though It is made of GI Pipes or Columns
• Though It is covered by Poly Film, PC Sheet, or Glass.
• Still it is called as Greenhouse. Why?
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GREEN HOUSE FOR
• Provide products when open field cultivation is
limited
• Controlling Harvesting Time
• High Yield from small area
• Growing out of normal season
• conventional cropping cycles,
• Improve product quality,
• Stabilize production
How?
• In controlled growing conditions.

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WHAT WE CONTROL IN
GREENHOUSE?
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ROOT AREA
• Temperature
• Soil moisture
• Nutrition in ground
• Soil PH
• Soil Texture
• Gases in soil
PLANT AREA
• Temperature / Humidity
• Light
• Air composition
• Air movement

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SELECTION OF SITE :
1. Topography of the land
2. Soil
3. Electricity
4. Water
5. Logistics
6. Temp. & Humidity data
7. Wind
8. Crop selection
9. Structure selection
10. Marketability
11. Availability of labor

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TYPES OF GREENHOUSES:
BASED ON
• Shape,
• Utility,
• Construction And
• Covering Materials
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Greenhouse Type Based on Shape
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1. Lean-to Type
• Placed against the side of an existing building
• facing south side.
• Width of 7 to 12 feet.
Advantage
• close to available electricity, water, and heat.
Disadvantages:
• limited space,
• limited light,
• limited ventilation and temperature control.

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2. Even Span Type
• The two roof slopes are of equal pitch
and width.
• small size, and it is constructed on
leveled ground.
• For single span type, from 5 to 9 m,
• length is around 24 m.
• The height varies from 2.5 to 4.3 m.

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3. Uneven Span Type
• constructed on hilly terrain.
• unequal width,

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4. Ridge and Furrow Type
• A-frame greenhouses
• The eave serves as a furrow
• The side walls are eliminated
Advantage
• reduces labour,
• lowers the cost of automation,
• improves personal management and
• reduces fuel consumption,

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5. Saw Tooth Type
In our country this model only suitable in moderate temperature area. This types of green house
requires moderate temp. around the year
• provision for natural ventilation
• Span – 8.0 m, 9.0 m
• Covering Material – Poly Film
• Height of Gutter – 3.5 m to 4.0 m
• Structure – Hot deep galvanized
• Column Spacing – 3.0 m and 4.0 m
• Corridor – 2.0 m
• Manual side curtain

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6. Quonset type
• Span – 8.0 m
• Ridge Height – 3.0 m
• Column Spacing – 3.0 m
• Covering Material – Polyethylene Film
• Structure – Galvanized
• Withstand 120 km/hr
• Side manual curtains

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Interlocking Ridge And Furrow

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Greenhouse Type Based on Utility

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• Heat has to be supplied.
• Using double layer polyethylene,
• Thermopane glasses
• Heating systems, such as
• Unit heaters,
• Central heat,
• Radiant heat and
• Solar heating system
Greenhouses for Active Heating

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Greenhouses for Active Cooling
• evaporative cooling pad with fan
• fog cooling
• permits a roof opening of 40% and
• some cases nearly 100%.

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Greenhouse Type Based on
Construction
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Wooden Framed Structures
• span less than 6 m,
• only wooden framed
• Side posts and columns
• without the use of a truss.
• Pine wood
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Pipe framed structure
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• Span is around 12 m,
• Pipes
• Side posts, columns, cross-ties
• Purlins
• Trusses are not used

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Truss Framed Structures
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• Span is >15 m,
• Truss frames
• Flat steel, tubular steel or angle iron
• Rafters, chords and struts.
• Angle iron purlins
• Glass houses
• Pre-fabrication.

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Greenhouse Type Based on
Covering Materials
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Glass Greenhouses
• Greater interior light intensity.
• Higher air infiltration rate,
• Lower interior humidity and
• Better disease prevention.
• Lean-to type, even span, ridge and furrow type
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Plastic Film Greenhouses
• Flexible plastic films
• polyethylene, polyester
• polyvinyl chloride
• cheap
• cost of heating is less
• disadvantage
• its short life
• Ex. Quonset design, gutter-connected
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Rigid Panel Greenhouses
• Polyvinyl chloride rigid panels,
• Fiber glass-reinforced plastic,
• Acrylic and
• Polycarbonate rigid panels
• Quonset type frames or ridge and furrow type frames.
• More resistant to breakage and
• the light intensity is uniform
• Long life
• Collect dust
• Danger of fire hazard.
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Poly house
a) Naturally ventilated polyhouse
• not have any environmental control system
• adequate ventilation and
• fogger system
b) Environmental controlled polyhouse
• controlling light,
• temperature,
• humidity,
• carbon-dioxide level and nature of root medium.
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COMPONENTS OF GREEN HOUSE :
1. Roof
2. Gable
3. Cladding material
4. Gutter
5. Column
6. Purlin
7. Ridge
8. Hockey/Bracings
9. Arches
10.Foundation pipe
11.Span width
12.Green house length
13.Green house width

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Roof

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Cladding material
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Gable/side wall
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Gutter
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Secondary
Column
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Main Column

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Top Purlin
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Gutter Purlin

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Ridge
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Furrow

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Hockey/Bracings
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Arches
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Foundation Pipe
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Span Width
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Top ChordBottom Chord

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Curtain Shaft
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Curtain Flap Controls : Avoids the outside flapping of polythene curtain
ensures more life of the side polythene.
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Shading Net
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G.I. Pipes structure with Hinge Joint: G.I. Pipe members are joined to
each others by means of clamps, angle brackets & nut bolts which ensures
more strength against the vibrations caused by wind.
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10% Top Ventilation : 800 mm clear opening placed at top to ensure better
ventilation and 600 mm overlap to avoid direct entry of sunlight into
Greenhouse.
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Aerodynamic Shape along Periphery : This shape is given to drift away
wind flow and minimize the wind impact on the sides of Greenhouse to
ensure maximum strength of structure against wind.
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Apron Paper
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Fixtures : Clamps are made from hot galvanized sheet, hot galvanized nuts
& bolts are used for connection
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Profile plate Fitting
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Greenhouse film lock channel and
spring steel zig zag wire
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Thank You
For Your Attention
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