This document provides an overview of sprinkler irrigation systems. It discusses how sprinkler irrigation works by spraying water onto land in an artificial rain-like pattern. It also summarizes the scope and status of sprinkler irrigation in India, noting that while agricultural sector uses over 80% of water, only 926,432 hectares of the 1.2 million hectare target were achieved under PMKSY in 2017-18. The document then classifications sprinkler irrigation systems based on method of water application, portability, precipitation rates, principle of operation, and movement type. Common sprinkler irrigation system types like rotating, perforated pipe, portable, tow-move, center-pivot and linear move systems are described.

1. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA),
Satara
Online Training on
“Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture”
Introduction of Sprinkler Irrigation And Its Type
Er. A. N. Gaupale
M. Tech. (Irrigation and Drainage Engineering)

2. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 2
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
It is the method of irrigation by which water
is sprayed on the land surface in the form of
artificial rain.
Water is carried is through a network of pipes
under pressure and forced through a nozzle of
small diameter and sprayed on the ground or crop like a rain.
It avoided the run-off and deep percolation losses.
Irrigation is given under controlled conditions and required quantity of water at the
required time.

3. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 3
SCOPE AND STATUS OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION IN INDIA
Agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water and consuming
more than 80% water available.
Out of Total 140.13 million ha of sown area,
Net irrigated area- 68.38 millions ha
Un-irrigated area -71.74 millions ha
As per PMKSY, ( 2017-18)
Target – 1.2 millions ha
Achieved- 926,432 ha

4. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 4
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Advantages Disadvantages
Water conservation Wind effect
Soil conservation and effective use of
land
Impact on fruits
Healthy growth of crops Impact on flowering
Less labour Systems cost
Seed Germination Energy needs
Application of fertilizers Adverse soil condition
Cooling of crops Evaporation loss
Frost protection Uniformity

5. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 5
UTILITY SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

6. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 6
CLASSIFICATION OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
1. Based on method of water application
2. Based on portability
3. Based on precipitation rates
4. Based on principle of operation
5. Based on movement
-Set move irrigation system
-Solid set system
-Continuous move system

7. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 7
1. BASED ON METHOD OF WATER APPLICATION
I. Rotating sprinkler
 Commonly used
 Rotated up-to: 00 to 3600
 Pressure Rang : 2 to 4 kg/Cm2
 Application rate: 4 - 20 mm/hr

8. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 8
Types Rotating sprinkler
a. Impact Type
b. Gear Driven Type
c. Reaction Type
d. Fixed Head Type

9. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 9
II. PERFORATED PIPE SYSTEM
It consist of drilled holes to portable lateral to
distribute the water at uniform rate.
Width of wetting strip : 3 to 10 m.
 Operating pressure: 0.25 to 1 kg/cm².
Application rate :12.5 to 50 mm/hr.
It is suitable for soils having moderately higher infiltration
rates.
Used: lawn, garden and small vegetables.

10. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 10
BASED ON PORTABILITY
 Portable System
 Semi-portable System
 Semi-permanent System
 Permanent System

11. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 11
2. BASED ON PRECIPITATION RATES
i. Low volume
sprinkler: Precipitation rate will
be less than 13 mm/hr.
ii. Medium volume
sprinkler: Precipitation rate will be between 13 to 25 mm/hr.
iii. High volume sprinkler: Precipitation rate will be more than 25
mm/hr.

12. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 12
3. BASED ON PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
i. Whirling sprinkler
ii. Turbo hammer-sprinkler
iii. Propeller sprinkler
iv. Mini-sprinkler

13. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 13
5. BASED ON MOVEMENT
i. Set-move Irrigation System
A. Hand move system:
 Laterals are moved by hand to next position.
 Manufactured by HDPE material
 Diameter: 50 to 150 mm
 Length: 6,9 or 12 mm

14. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 14
B. Tow-move system:
 It is least expensive system.
 It has wheels so entire laterals can be
pulled to next set position.
 Not used Extensively

15. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 15
C. Side role or wheel move system:
D. Gun-type sprinkler

16. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 16
ii. Solid set system:
It has sufficient laterals and sprinkler heads to
irrigate entire field
The laterals are laid in the field early in the crop
season and remain for the entire season.
This system is used for crops requiring short and
frequent irrigations.

17. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 17
iii. Continuous move system
A. Centre-pivot sprinkler system :
B. Linear-move system
C. Traveller sprinkler system
(reel irrigators):

18. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 18
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