The document discusses types and design considerations for drip irrigation systems. It describes different types of drip irrigation based on the location of drippers, operation, and other factors. The key design aspects covered include discharge and head measurements, water requirements calculations based on evapotranspiration, and considerations for different crop types. Objectives of drip irrigation system design are outlined as maintaining high efficiency, optimum soil moisture levels, and low initial and annual costs.

1. Types of Drip Irrigation
and Design Data
Requirement
Delivered by
Er. AJIT M. KURE
M. Tech. (Agricultural Engineering)
Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development
Association (IRADA), Satara (MH)
Online Training on
“Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture”

2. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Types of Drip Irrigation
- On the Basis of Dripper
1. Online Drip System
2. Inline Drip System
- On the Basis of Lateral Location
1. Surface Drip Irrigation
2. Subsurface Drip Irrigation
- On the Basis of Operation
1. Manual Operated
2. Semi Automatic
3. Fully Automatic
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 2

3. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
3Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture,
1. Online Drip Irrigation
- Plain polytube 12,16,20 mm
- External Drippers
- Easy inspection and cleaning
- Adjustable spacing
- Large spacing plants
- Opened and sealed dripper
- NPC and PC dripper
- Crops- Mango, Citrus, Lemon
- 2,4,8,14 lph
On the basis of Dripper
Turbo key
J- Loc
Plain Polytube

4. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture 4
- Inline Lateral 12,16,20 mm
- Dripper inside lateral
- Laser Punch
- PC and NPC
- Row Crops,
20,30,40,50,60,75,90 cm
2. Inline Drip System
Drip tape
Flat Dripper
Round Dripper

5. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture, 5
- To irrigate Perennial and annual crops
- As per standard layout
- Cost effective
- Less Maintenance
- Open Loop
- Ploytube and Inline
- Online or Inline Dripper
- Jets
- Microtubes
Surface Drip Irrigation System
Online Emitter
Inline Emitter
Micro jets

6. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
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- Buried Driplines
- Precise application of water
- Optimal nutrients use
- Sugarcane
Objectives:
- Yield and quality improvements.
- A dry soil surface to minimize various
aspects
- To maximize the wetted root volume
- To minimize percolation water losses
- To minimize contamination of the ground
Subsurface Drip Irrigation System

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Advanced Irrigation and Precision Agriculture, 7
Subsurface Drip Irrigation System Layout

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- Practically eradicates all chances
for run off
- Avoids soil crusting and surface
compaction
- Prevents mechanical damage
to the laterals
- Saves labour-
- low incidence of weed;
- Povision for fertigation
- High Water efficiency
- Automation Possible
Benefits of SDI
Netafim Typhoon® Drip Irrigation Tubing
Flap over emitter outlet:
prevents root intrusion
, prevents blockage by
mineral scale

9. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
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- Difficult to repair damages to laterals
- Accumulation of salinity on the top soil
- Blocking of flow due to root
entanglement
- Root intrusion into emitting points
- Higher maintenance
- Greater cost
- Needs regular care
- Needs higher filtration grade
Issues of SDI
Trifloralin 0.125ml per dripper
Root Intrusion

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11. Integrated Rural and Agricultural Development Association (IRADA), Satara
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A} Manually Operated
- Manual back washing
- Manual fertigation
B} Semi automatic system
- Manual / Auto back washing
- Auto irrigation / Fertigation
C} Fully Automatic
- Auto Irrigation
- Auto Fertigation
- EC PH adjustment
On the basis of operation
Semi Auto
Fully Auto

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Gravity Fed Drip Irrigation

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• A scaled plan of the site and area to be irrigated.
• Static pressure and available flow
• Irrigation water type and characteristics
• Soil type
• Proposed planting, relative water needs of all
species
• Local conditions
• Elevation differences,
• Local climate data (ETo)
• other site specific information.
Design Prerequisites

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• Efficiency of filtration
• Permissible variations of pressure head
• Base operating pressure to be used
• Degree of control of flow or pressure
• Relationship between discharge and
pressure
• Chemical treatment
• Use of secondary safety screening
• Incorporation of flow monitoring
Considerations

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- To maintain higher system and irrigation efficiency by
means of higher emission uniformity
- To maintain optimum moisture level in soil
- To keep both initial and annual cost minimum
- To design suitable system which will last and perform
well
- To design easy to handle system
- To satisfy and fulfill requirements of crop and farmer
Objectives of Design

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A} Discharge Measurement
1. Physical Method- Known volume container, Stopwatch
Q= V/t
2. Jet Distance Method
Q= (Cax√g)/√(2y)
Where, C= Coefficient of contraction
a= Area of Pipe
g= Acceleration due to gravity
y= Y- Coordinate
x= X- Cordinate
Pump Details

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B} Head Measurement
1. Crude Method - Lateral , Pressure Gauge
2. Torricelli's experiment
- Pressure
- Hg, 1m glass tube
- Elbow, Transparent pipe, Ladder, Tape
C} Water Depth Measurement
-Coconut sheath rope, Stone
Design Approach - Tail end to Head end
Hd
Hs

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Considerations
- Type of crop and it's age
- Type of soil
- Evaporation loss from surface
- Transpiration loss from leaves
- Canopy area and root zone
development
- P-P and R-R spacing
- Wind velocity and humidity
Peak Water Requirements

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Design Terminolgy
1. Transpiration
2. Evapotranspiration
3. Reference Evapotranspiration

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1. Net Depth of Water- i.e
Evapotranspiration of crop (ETP)
ETP= Pe × Pc × Kc
Where, Pe = Pan evaporation
Pc = Pan coefficient
Ka = Crop Factor
Peak Water Requirements

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2. Volume of Water for Tree Crops
Total vol. of water required (lpd/tree) =
× × ×
3. Volume of Water for Row Crops
Volume of water required
Per unit area per day = Net depth of water × Kc ×% Wetted area
overage by foliage
Net depth of
water
% Wetted area
coverage by
foliage
Spacing
between
trees
Spacing
between
rows

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