This document discusses the current status of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) technology. It provides an overview of ASR including its historical development and global implementation. Key points include that over 544 ASR wells exist across 133 wellfields in the US. The document discusses various water sources and aquifer types used for ASR storage. It also outlines several potential objectives for ASR systems, such as seasonal storage, emergency storage, and water quality improvement. Cost comparisons show ASR can be less expensive than other new water supply options. The remainder of the document discusses various ASR applications and case studies in more detail.

1. TWCA 2014 Fall Conference
The Current Status of ASR Technology:
Firming Up Victoria’s Water Supply
Jerry James, City of Victoria
David Pyne, PE, ASR Systems, LLC
Fred Blumberg, ARCADIS-US, Inc.
October 16, 2014

2. 2
• Current status of ASR
technology
• TWDB-funded study for
Victoria Area
• Victoria’s:
– ASR objectives
– Sources of water supply
– Hydrogeology
– ASR modeling and basis for design
– Costs and economics
– Permitting and institutional factors
– Conclusions and recommendations
Discussion
Outline

3. Storing water deep underground in ASR wells…
…is a proven and cost-effective technology

4. ASR Development in the U.S. has been
rapid during the past twenty years
• At least 544 ASR
wells and 133
wellfields in operation
• 27 different types of
ASR applications
• Many different types
of water sources for
aquifer recharge
• Storage in many
different types of
aquifers and
lithologic settings
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Number of ASR Wells
ASR Wellfields
ASR Historical Development
ASR
Wellfields
Number of
ASR Wells

5. Approximately 133 Operational ASR Wellfields in
Completed by others
the United States (2013)
David Pyne project direction
and/or involvement
Over 544 ASR wells

6. Global implementation of ASR since 1985 to
achieve water supply sustainability and reliability
• United States
• Australia
• India
• Israel
• Canada
• England
• Netherlands
• South Africa
• Namibia
• United Arab Emirates
Adelaide, Australia ASR Well
• And others in development (Kuwait, Taiwan, Indonesia,
Qatar, Serbia, China)

7. Several factors have contributed to ASR
global implementation
• Economics
• Typically less than half the capital cost
of alternative water supply sources
• Phased implementation
• Marginal cost pricing
• Proven Success
• About 133 wellfields in 22 states with
over 544 operating, fully permitted ASR
wells
• Environmental and Water Quality
Benefits
• Maintain minimum flows
• Small storage footprint compared to
surface reservoirs
• Adaptability to Different Situations
• Fresh, brackish or saline storage
aquifers
• Drinking water, reclaimed water,
stormwater or groundwater storage
• Over 27 different applications
Mt Pleasant, SC – Well ASR-2

8. A broad range of water sources and storage
zones is utilized for ASR
• Water sources for ASR storage
• Drinking water
• Reclaimed water (AZ, TX, FL, NJ,
CA)
• Seasonally-available stormwater
• Groundwater from overlying,
underlying or nearby aquifers
• Storage zones
• Fresh, brackish and saline
aquifers
• Confined, semi-confined and
unconfined aquifers
• Sand, clayey sand, gravel,
sandstone, limestone, dolomite,
basalt, conglomerates, glacial
deposits
• Vertical “stacking” of storage
zones
Chandler, AZ
Tumbleweed ASR Wellfield
Storing Reclaimed Water for
Aquifer Recharge

9. ABOUT 25% OF ALL ASR WELLFIELDS IN THE USA ARE IN BRACKISH,
KARST LIMESTONE AQUIFERS, SIMILAR TO THE CONFINED PORTIONS
OF THE EDWARDS AQUIFER IN TEXAS
Orange County, Florida
Well ASR-1 at the Eastern Water
Reclamation Facility
Capacity: 3.5 MGD
Other Florida ASR Wellfields in
Brackish Limestone Aquifers:
• Boynton Beach
• Bradenton
• Cocoa
• Collier County
• Deland
• Englewood
• Destin
• Manatee County
• Marco Lakes
• Miami-Dade WASD
• Sarasota
• Palm Bay
• Palmetto
• Palm Beach County
• Peace River/Manasota RWSA
• Seminole County
• St Petersburg
• Tampa
• West Palm Beach

10. Several other brackish limestone aquifer
ASR wellfields are in South Carolina
MT PLEASANT, SC
WELL ASR-2

11. Some more ASR wells in brackish, karst
limestone aquifers in South Carolina
Kiawah Island Utility, SC
Well ASR-2
Beaufort Jasper Water & Sewer Authority, SC
1 of 3 ASR Wells

12. Hilton Head Public Service District, SC
Well ASR-1
Well ASR-1

13. Hilton Head PSD Stress Test Results:
ASR goals achieved and exceeded
Cumulative Volume Stored (MG)
Chloride at ASR Well (mg/l)
Chloride at MFA Monitor Well (mg/l)
0.00
0
10
20
100.00
30
40
50
200.00
60
70
80
90
300.00
100
110
120
400.00
130
140
150
500.00
160
170
180
190
600.00
200
10/01/12
10/09/12
10/17/12
10/25/12
11/02/12
11/10/12
11/18/12
11/26/12
12/03/12
12/11/12
12/19/12
12/27/12
01/04/13
01/12/13
01/20/13
01/28/13
02/05/13
02/13/13
02/21/13
03/01/13
03/09/13
03/17/13
03/25/13
04/02/13
04/10/13
04/18/13
04/26/13
05/04/13
05/12/13
05/20/13
05/28/13
06/05/13
06/13/13
06/21/13
06/29/13
07/07/13
07/15/13
07/23/13
07/31/13
08/08/13
08/16/13
08/24/13
09/01/13
09/09/13
09/17/13
09/25/13
Chlorides (mg/l)
Date
Volume Stored (MG)
HHPSD ASR-1 Well Performance
250 MG Recovered
Chloride < 170 mg/l

14. South Island Public Service District
Hilton Head Island, SC
BRACKISH
AQUIFERS CAN
PROVIDE
EXCELLENT
OPPORTUNITIES
FOR STORAGE OF
FRESH WATER
DEEP
UNDERGROUND

15. A combination of ASR wells and surface reservoirs is
very beneficial for providing water storage.
• Surface reservoirs capture
water quickly, but…
• are expensive
• often have evapotranspiration and
seepage losses
• garner environmental opposition
• Where feasible, ASR wells can
often store much larger
volumes of water
• occupy little land
• can be built in increments
• have few or no losses, but can only
recharge and recover water slowly
Reservoir
Dam
Clay
Limestone
Bedrock
River
River
ASR Wells ASR Wells

16. Where feasible, we should consider operating reservoirs at lower levels to
capture peak flows and transfer them to ASR storage, recovering the water
when needed.
Reservoir
Dam
Clay
Limestone
Bedrock
River
River
ASR Wells ASR Wells
Aquifer

17. Target Storage Volume (TSV) is sum of stored water volume plus buffer zone
volume. It is often expressed in MG/MGD of recovery capacity, or “days”
ASR Well
Native
Stored Water
Groundwater
Quality Buffer
Zone
Target Storage
Volume
proximal zone

18. Forming and Maintaining the Buffer Zone
is one of the keys to ASR Success
• Once the buffer zone has been formed, subsequent
recovery efficiency should be close to 100%. This is a “one
time” addition of water to the well.
• Once formed, the buffer zone should not be recovered
since it risks causing a substantial deterioration in
recovered water quality.
• The buffer zone is best formed upfront, prior to cycle
testing, as the last step in ASR well construction. The cost
of the water may be capitalized. It can also be formed over
the course of several ASR cycles, during each of which up
to the same volume stored is recovered. This approach is
more time-consuming and expensive.

19. In addition to water storage, treatment occurs in
an aquifer due to natural processes.
ASR Bubble (Top View)
ASR Well
Native
Groundwater
Target
Storage
Volume
Stored Water
Treatment Zone, or
“Zone of Discharge,” or
“Compliance Zone”
• NO3,NH3,P
• THMs
• HAAs
• H2S
• Fe, Mn, As
• Ra
• Gross Alpha
Rad.
• Bacteria
• Protozoa
Buffer Zone • Viruses

20. ASR Operating Ranges
• Well depths
• 30 to 2900 feet
• Storage interval thickness
• 20 to 400 feet
• Storage zone Total Dissolved
Solids
• 30 mg/L to 39,000 mg/L
• Storage Volumes
• 100 AF to 270,000 AF
• (30 MG to 80 BG)
• Bubble radius less than 1000 ft
• Individual wells up to 8 MGD
capacity
• Wellfield capacity up to 157 MGD
Calleguas MWD, California
ASR Well

21. Capital Cost Comparisons
Source/Storage Option Typical $/GPD Capacity
Conventional Supply 0.50 – 5.00
ASR 0.50 - 2.00
Brackish Desalination 2.00 – 5.00
Seawater Desalination 7.00 – 12.00
Surface Reservoirs 3.00 – 30.00
Indirect Potable Reuse 7.00 – 25.00
ASR is complementary to other sources, increasing total yield
and reliability. With adequate ASR capacity, 100% reliability can
be achieved at reasonable capital cost.

22. Potential ASR Objectives (1/2)
• Seasonal storage
• Long-term storage (“water banking”)
• Emergency storage (“strategic water reserve”)
• Diurnal storage
• Disinfection byproduct reduction
• Restore groundwater levels
• Control subsidence
• Maintain distribution system pressures
• Maintain distribution system flow
• Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES)
Centennial Water &
Sanitation District,
Highlands Ranch, Colorado
26 ASR Wells in Vaults
Select and Prioritize One or More Pertinent
ASR Applications for each ASR wellfield:

23. Potential ASR Objectives (2/2)
• Reduce environmental effects of
streamflow diversions
• Agricultural water supply
• Nutrient reduction in agricultural runoff
• Enhance wellfield production
• Defer expansion of water facilities
• Reclaimed water storage for reuse
• Stabilize aggressive water
• Hydraulic control of contaminant
plumes
• Maintenance or restoration of aquatic
ecosystems
Manatee County, Florida
ASR Well, 1983
ACEC Grand Award, 1984

24. Long-term storage, or
Water Banking for the “Drought of Record”
• Achieve 100% Water Supply
Reliability
• How to estimate the Target
Storage Volume (TSV)
• “Will the stored water still be
there when we need it?”
• Lateral velocity of groundwater
in the storage aquifer(s)?
• Proximity of other groundwater
users?
• Measures available to protect
availability of the stored water
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1
1255
2509
3763
5017
6271
7525
8779
10033
11287
12541
13795
15049
16303
17557
18811
20065
21319
22573
23827
25081
ASR STORAGE VOLUME (AF)
TIME (DAYS)

25. Even during the Drought of Record
there were many high flow events
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
Flow CFS
Guadalupe River Stream Flows
Date
Text->Num
DROUGHT OF RECORD

26. Seasonal Storage
• May be an important
benefit of ASR, in addition
to providing storage for the
Drought of Record.
• Annual benefit, not just
once in a lifetime.
• Facilitates more efficient
use of existing
infrastructure, meeting
peaks from ASR instead of
from water treatment plants
and transmission pipelines.
Orangeburg,
South
Carolina
Total
6.5 MGD
Two ASR wells in two different
aquifers within a single wellhouse

27. Store water in winter months and
recover in summer months
WATER DEMAND
MONTH

28. Strategic Storage for Emergencies
• Water systems dependent
upon a single source
and/or a long transmission
pipeline
• Accidental loss,
contamination, warfare,
terrorism, natural disaster
• Build one or more
strategic water reserves
deep underground
Des Moines Water Works, Iowa – 100 MGD WTP
Before and After 1993 Flood

29. Disinfection Byproduct Reduction
• Elimination of
Haloacetic Acids and
their formation potential
in a few days due to
aerobic subsurface
microbial activity
• Reduction of
Trihalomethanes and
reduction of their
formation potential in a
few weeks due to
anaerobic subsurface
microbial activity
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
BG RC1 RC2 RC3 9 16 23 30 49 56
TTHM
HAA
Disinfection Byproduct Reduction:
DisCinefenctetinonni aBl yWprSoDdu, cDt eAntvteenr,u CatOion –
Centennial WSD, Highlands Ranch, CO

30. Maintain pressures, flows and water quality
in a distribution system
• Keep the water moving
• Locate ASR wells in
seasonal low pressure
areas such as at the top of
a hill, the end of a long
transmission pipeline, or a
summer beach resort.
• Avoid the need for
flushing pipelines to waste
to maintain water quality
in distant portions of a
water distribution system
Murray Avenue ASR Well
Cherry Hill, New Jersey

31. Improve Water Quality
• Arsenic
• Fluoride
• Salinity
• THM and HAA
• Fe and Mn
• H2S
• N & P
• TOC (carbon
sequestration)
• Microbiota
• pH stabilization
• Temperature
Tampa Cycle 5
Arsenic vs Cumulative Storage Volume
y = -0.139x + 23.042
R2 = 0.7502
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300
Cumulative Storage Volume (MG)
Arsenic (ug/l)
ASR-1 ASR-2 ASR-3
ASR-4 ASR-5 ASR-6
ASR-7 ASR-8 Linear (ASR-1)
Arsenic Decreases as the Cumulative
Storage Volume Increases

32. Defer expansion of water facilities
• Operate treatment facilities to
meet slightly more than
average demands, providing
for maintenance periods and
times of inadequate supply
• Meet maximum day demands
from ASR wells; peak hour
demands from elevated and
ground storage tanks
• Reduce capital costs by
typically more than 50%
Kerrville, Texas
Well ASR-1

33. Several Other Potential ASR Objectives:
Restore Groundwater Levels
• Applicable for areas where
regional reduction in water
levels has occurred due to
pumping significantly
exceeding natural recharge
for many years
• Aquifer recharge also helps
to control subsidence
-100 ft
(- 30 m)
Las Vegas, Nevada – Feet change in potentiometric
surface of principal aquifer, 1990 to 2005

34. Restore Groundwater Levels:
Las Vegas Valley Water District ASR Well 33
ASR Wellfield Recovery Capacity – 157 MGD from about 100 wells
Largest ASR wellfield in the world

35. Augmentation of Low Flows and
Maintenance of Lake Levels
• Divert water during high flows
and store underground
• Reduce or eliminate
diversions during low flows
• Utilize a portion of the stored
water for flow augmentation
and the remainder to help
meet other water needs
during dry periods.
• Significant environmental
benefits
Manatee County, Florida ─
ASR Well, 1983
ACEC Grand Award, 1984

36. Agricultural Water Supply: Bank Filtration, Soil
Aquifer Treatment and ASR
• Tailor ASR technology
and science to meet
agricultural needs,
constraints and
opportunities
• Bank filtration and soil
aquifer pretreatment
prior to ASR storage
• Major activity in
Oregon
Surface water is filtered through shallow
sands to a horizontal well or underdrain and
is then pumped to ASR storage

37. Reclaimed Water Storage for Reuse
• Steady, reliable supply of
reclaimed water
• Variable demand for
irrigation water
• Seasonal opportunity for
storing and recovering
reclaimed water to meet
peak irrigation demands
• Aquifer recharge of
reclaimed water to achieve
sustainable water supplies or
to build a salinity intrusion
barrier, or both
Englewood Water District, Florida
Reclaimed Water ASR Well
City of Chandler, Arizona
Tumbleweed Reclaimed ASR Well

38. Other ASR Possible Objectives
• Thermal storage
• Diurnal storage
• Hydraulic control of
contaminant plumes
• Reduce nutrients in
agricultural runoff
• Enhance wellfield
production
• Stabilize aggressive
water
• Maintain or restore
aquatic ecosystems
West Palm Beach, Florida
ASR Well – 8 MGD Capacity
Largest ASR Well in the World

39. What are the more significant
challenges to ASR implementation?
• Legal, regulatory and policy
framework (“Governance”) that, in
some areas, is not well-matched to
the scientific and technical realities
and opportunities.
• Water is power. The control of
water is therefore the currency of
personal, regional and national
ambitions.
• For some people and interests,
ASR is too cost-effective.
• General lack of awareness and
understanding of the broad range
of potential applications of ASR to
meet end-user needs
• Misinformation
Marathon, Florida Keys, Florida
First ASR well to successfully store
drinking water in a seawater aquifer

40. 10 Key Suggestions:
Legal, regulatory and policy measures that would enhance
ASR viability in Texas (1 of 2)
1. Develop ASR Wellfield Protection Area (WPA) provisions that
work for Texas
2. Operate ASR wellfields by forming and maintaining the Target
Storage Volume (TSV)
3. Manage ASR wellfields so that cumulative volume recovered
does not exceed cumulative volume stored. Do not manage
according to annual volume stored and/or recovered.
4. Clearly establish that storage of water underground through
ASR wells, and recovery of the stored water for beneficial uses
when needed, is a beneficial use of water, along with municipal,
industrial and agricultural uses of water.
5. Confirm that no amendment to existing water rights, surface
water permits, or Certificates of Adjudication is required in order
to initially develop, test and place into operation ASR projects so
long as ASR operations do not cause annual quantities of water
diverted pursuant to existing water rights to be exceeded, and
are consistent with environmental flow requirements.

41. 10 Key Suggestions:
Legal, regulatory and policy measures that would enhance
ASR viability in Texas (2 of 2)
6. Confirm that monthly diversions of water for ASR storage, and recovery
of water from ASR storage, are not restricted by historic patterns of
water diversion during the year for each water right.
7. Establish that water recovered from ASR wells is not subject to demand
management and critical period management rules, and is also not
subject to any production limits applicable to native groundwater.
8. Evaluate compliance with water quality standards at appropriately-located
monitor wells during ASR recharge and storage. Provide (time
and distance) for natural processes underground to enhance water
quality.
9. Establish a single regulatory framework that is consistent statewide, or
coordinated ASR regulation by multiple agencies.
10. Avoid use of the term “injection” as applied to ASR wells. Instead use
the term “recharge.” Semantics is everything.

42. ASR Book, Second Edition
www.asrforum.com

43. Victoria Area ASR Feasibility Study
• Partially funded by TWDB
• Study Participants
– City of Victoria
– LNRA
– Victoria County GCD
– GBRA
– Port of Victoria
• NEI Study Team
– ARCADIS-US
– ASR Systems
– INTERA

44. Victoria/Victoria County ASR Objectives
• Seasonal storage to meet peak
demands
• Long-term storage to increase
reliability during drought
• Deferring expansion of WTP or
construction of second WTP
• Emergency storage for use during
flood events
• Disinfection byproduct reduction
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
BG RC1 RC2 RC3 9 16 23 30 49 56
TTHM
HAA

45. Sources of Supply
COA/Permit Priority Date(s)
(yr/mo/day)
Maximum Diversion Rate Maximum Annual
Use
Special Condition(s)
cfs MGD¹ AFY
3844A 1918/08/06 9.80 6.37 608 Streamflow of Guadalupe @ Seguin > 9.8
cfs²
3858A 1951/06/27 4.40 2.86 1,000
3860A 1951/08/15 8.91 5.79 260 Streamflow limits at Victoria vary by
month
3862A 1951/12/12 12.62 8.20 262.70 Monthly streamflow thresholds
4117A 1984/04/02 1.67 1.08 200 Streamflow limits at Victoria vary by
month
5466B 1993/05/28 150.00 97.50 20,000 Streamflow limits at Victoria vary by
month
3606A 1978/07/10 13.40 8.71 4,676 P3895 in WAM
Streamflow limits at Victoria vary by
month
Total ≈ 27,000 AFY

46. Hydrogeologic Evaluation
• Focus: potential ASR sites
• Gulf Coast Aquifer geology
– Stratigraphy
– Sand thickness
• Aquifer hydraulic properties
– Water levels
– Transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity
– Potential for migration
• Existing production wells and pumping
• Water quality
– Fe, Mn, TDS, Arsenic
– Injection wells
46

47. Potential ASR Locations and Formations

48. Cross Section and Sand Thickness Example
CSA-1 CSA-2 CSA-3 CSA-4 CSA-5 CSA-6 CSA-7 CSA-8 CSA-9 CSA-10 CSA-11
Cross Section A
CSA-1 - Log Name
BB
GSE
LI
WI
UG
LG

49. Water Wells in Study Area

50. Historic Pumping

51. Transmissivity and Hydraulic
Conductivity

52. Injection Wells and TDS Values

53. Hydrogeologic Conclusions
– Excellent data confidence
• Victoria municipal wells
• Other wells
• Victoria County GCD
– Area well suited for ASR
– TDS concentrations below 1,000 mg/L
– No evidence of potential contamination
– Migration rate will vary with City well operations

54. Water Demand and ASR Model
• Water Demand to Year 2040:
– 8% increase per decade
– Applied to historic demand
patterns for both:
• Dry Year: 2011
• Average Year: 2008
• ASR Model:
– Daily water availability model using
actual Victoria demand pattern
– 7 options analyzed
11/10/2014 54

55. ASR Model Results
Description
WTP
Capacity
(MGD)
TSV
(AF)
Available
for
Recovery
(AF)
Buffer
Zone
(AF)
Recharge
Capacity
(MGD)
Recovery
Capacity
(MGD)
2011 ( Dry Year) Baseline Water Demand
A Baseline 25.2 166,060 83,030 83,030 18.3 24.9
B Zero Initial ASR
Volume
25.2 Not 100% Reliable
C Not DOR 25.2 53,900 26,950 26,950 18.3 24.9
D 95% Reliability 25.2 166,060 83,030 83,030 18.3 24.9
2008 (Normal Year) Baseline Water Demand
E Baseline 25.2 9,250 4,625 4,625 19.2 21.0
F Zero Initial ASR
Volume
25.2 Not 100% Reliable
G WTP Expansion 32.0 7,300 3,650 3,650 26.0 19.6

56. Basis for Conceptual Design
Phase/Description Location
Bottom of Well
(Ft)
Recharge Rate
(gpm)
Recovery
Rate
(gpm)
Phase 1: Feasibility Assessment
Phase 2: Demonstration Well Program
1 New ASR Well Victoria SWTP 1,000 850 1,750
Retrofit 1 Well WTP No. 3 (Well 14) 1,017 800 1,400
1 SZ Monitor Well Victoria SWTP 800
2 Chico Monitor Wells SWTP/WTP No. 3 100
Wireline Core Victoria SWTP 1,000
Phase 3: ASR Wellfield Development
9 New ASR Wells Victoria SWTP 1,000 850 1,750
Retrofit 5 Wells WTP No. 3 (Well 15) 1,034 800 1,400
WTP No. 3 (Well 16) 1,010 800 1,400
WTP No. 3 (Well 17) 828 800 1,400
WTP No. 3 (Well 18) 1,036 800 1,400
WTP No. 3 (Well 19) 1,068 800 1,400

57. Potential ASR Wellfields
11/10/2014 57

58. Victoria SWTP
(25.2 MGD)
11/10/2014 58

59. Victoria SWTP Area
Victoria SWTP
Riverside Park
11/10/2014 59

60. WTP No. 3 Complex
11/10/2014

61. Estimated ASR System Costs
– Phase 2 Testing Program: $3.6 million (included
below)
– Total Capital Cost: $14.5 million
– Total Project Cost: $21.1 million
– Total Annual Cost: $ 1.5 million (debt service + O&M)
– ASR Project Unit Cost: $56 per AFY ($0.17 /K gal)
– Incremental cost of treatment/storage: $ 136 per
AFY ($0.42/k gal)
– Total Unit Cost: $192 per AFY ($0.59/K gal)
11/10/2014 61

62. Permitting and Institutional Issues
• Major Permitting Requirements
– TCEQ:
• Amend Victoria surface water permits
• UIC Class V injection well permit
– GCDs:
• Drilling permits—for ASR and monitoring wells
• Production permits
• Institutional Issues
– GCD rules must be amended to facilitate ASR
– Key GCD issues are well spacing and ability to
recover stored water up to 100% of TSV 11/10/2014 62

63. Team Conclusions
63
• Water supply can be firmed up with ASR using
existing SWTP capacity
• TSV must be built prior to DOR (1 to 11 years)
• Area well suited for ASR storage
• No evidence of potential contamination
• Migration can be controlled by City operations
• Basis for conceptual design based on ASR
modeling:
• Required TSV
• Recharge and recovery rates
• Required number of wells
• Existing City infrastructure
• Controlled by recharge capacity for all
options

64. Client Conclusions
64
Working with partners : City able to look at regional
concerns and possibility of leveraging water
availability to address population growth, drought
and economic expansion.
Using existing infrastructure : ASR Project even
more economically feasible than we thought it
would be.
Using existing water supplies: Able to firm up
supplies while respecting need for adequate
environmental flows.
Outcome: Able to learn from and build on the
success of other ASR projects in Texas.

65. Imagine the result
Jerry James
jjames @victoriatx.org
(361) 485-3230
Fred M. Blumberg
fred.blumberg@arcadis-us.com
(512) 584-4242
R. David Pyne, PE
dpyne@asrsystems.ws
(352) 336-3820