Fracking Update: Energy Boom Brings New Developments and Old Concerns

Speed Dating - Fracking Update
(Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation)
New Developments & Old Concerns
2014 Mid-America Environmental
Compliance Conference – April 3-4, 2014

2014 Mid-America Environmental Compliance Conference
Energy Boom
Energy
Independence
Energy Exports
US Net Energy
Imports Reached
20 Year Low in
2013

Horizontal Drilling
and
Hydraulic Fracture
Stimulation
1300-1500
bbls/stage
@ 100 bpm

Well Pad
(6 - 8 wells)
300,000 barrels Freshwater
200,000 barrels
Flowback/Produced
“Long” Access Road
Water Source ½ Mile
4
Well Pad, Freshwater, Flowback/Produced

Bakken (flaring gas to produce 1.1
million bpd in 2014)
Eagle Ford
Piceance
Basin
NYC
Boston
Philly

Per EPA - Hydraulic Fracturing Includes:
1.Water Acquisition
2.Chemical Mixing
3.Well Injection (Normally Considered the
Frac Job)
4.Flowback and Produced Water
5.Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal

Water Acquisition

Water Acquisition
• Intake to meet impingement mortality
and entrainment standards
• Need to Meter

Freshwater Conveyance (Temporary)

Same Line (Permanent)

Water Trucks – 100 barrels
Yellow Frac Tank – 500 barrels
Conveyance: No One Likes Water Trucks…

12 | MARCELLUS SHALE
COALITION
On-Site Water Storage Only…No Transport
500 bbls

250,000 barrels
Freshwater
Well Pad – 6 Wells
300,000 barrels Freshwater
Landowner
Surface
Water
Gas Treatment
13
All Freshwater Storage

Chemical Mixing - Hydraulic Fracturing Job

Chemical Mixing - FracFocus.org
99% Water and
Sand

500 barrel Fiberglass Tanks for Flowback/Produced
Re-use for Next Frac Job

Reduce TSS – Filtering w/ 100 & 25µm SocksFlowback Filtration – Reduce TSS and Re-use

Thanks
2014 Mid-America Environmental
Compliance Conference – April 3-4, 2014

19
Drilling Well

Well Pad, Freshwater Storage, Access Roads

Baseline Data and Permits
• Baseline Surface Water, Groundwater, Air, Topography
• Construction Permits (pads, roads, impoundments, gas
treatment/compressor stations)…any disturbance!
−Notification
−Cultural Resources
−T&E Species (plants and animals [bats, rattlesnakes…])
−All about E&S Controls (Erosion and Sediment Controls)
−Set Backs (from schools, drinking water, etc.)
• Freshwater Extraction: Pass-bys based on Q7,10 flows
• Hauling Permits and Permitted Routes
• Wastewater Treatment (Flowback and Produced Water)
NORM TENORM – Technically Enhanced NORM

New Developments/Old Concerns
• In 2014: Next EPA Study Potential Impacts of Hydraulic
Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources
• Use Less Water and/or Natural Gas Liquids or Nitrogen Foam
– Decrease Dependence on Water…Less Wastewater.
• Decrease Additives or Use More Environmentally Friendly
Additives.
• Seismic Events? Mostly due to wastewater injection (OH)
• No More Photos of Ignited Kitchen Faucets PLEASE!

Workover with Containment Pad

Freshwater Storage

Shale Gas: Environmental Protection in Wells
Casing
Integrity
Testing

Bolted Stainless Steel Tank (100 foot diameter/40,000 barrels)

Wastewater Treatment Tanks – 500 barrels
On Site Treatment/Storage Only

Whoa!

Road Maintenance
Before After
E&P Operators Pay for Road Repairs

Narrow Bridge and Large Vehicles
5 Point Turn

Erosion and Sediment Control (E&S Controls)
Freshwater Conveyance Line (Before)

Freshwater Conveyance Line (After)

Shale Gas Europe
Move Fluids, Sludge, Drilling Muds & Spill Cleanup
Vac Truck

Wetland Delineation

Wetland?...Yes! (Landowner Used as a Dump)

Temporary and Mobile Freshwater Storage
50,000-100,000 BBL systems are typically installed in 3-4 days and removed within 3 days.

Temporary and Mobile Freshwater Storage

Cultural Resources (Historic Sites…Native Peoples)

Well Pad and Access Road Under Construction

Setbacks
Composite Impact: 50% of Your Acreage Off-limits

Typical Casing Design
for Marcellus
Assure Annular Seal
• Cement to Surface to
Extent Possible
• Mechanical Integrity
Tests on annulus
Stray Gas?
No Bubbles…No Troubles

“Fracking…
Hydraulic Fracturing (HF)
• > 60 years: more than 1 million
wells in 27 states
• 90 percent of oil and gas wells
use HF technology
• 99.5 percent water/sand mix
• 3 to 5 million gallons of water
fractures the shale.
• Well casing protects water
supply
• PA Chapter 78 upgrades
reflect best practices in well
casing
42 | MARCELLUS SHALE COALITION

Vertical Setbacks – from Frac Zone
• At least 1,000 feet from top of
Frac Zone to Freshwater
Aquifer (blue stripe at top)
• At least 2,000 feet from top of
Frac Zone to Ground Surface
Marcellus
Frac Zone
Freshwater

First 5 Minutes – Shale Gas Primer and Fracking
• Background
• Leasing and Well Pad Siting/Permitting
• Well Pad Design (Erosion and Sediment Controls)
• Water Management
• Freshwater Procurement, Conveyance, and Storage
• Manifolds and Pumping for Hydraulic Fracturing
• Flowback and Produced Water Storage, Treatment,
Re-use, and Disposal
• Well Pad Production Equipment: Well Testing,
Treatment (Separation and Dehydration), Storage
44

Manage Freshwater on Basis of River Basins

Workover with $30,000 Containment Pad

Baseline Data: Protect Your Company
• Groundwater
• Springs
• Underdrain Outlets

Document Baseline Site Conditions (Groundwater…)

Placing Geotextile and Stone on Level Pad Footprint

Cut Slope, Geotextile and Stone on Level Pad

Access Road w/ Erosion and Sediment Control Structures

Rock Construction Entrance to Public Roadway

Erosion and Sediment Control Measures Under
Construction (RCE)

Well Pads – E&SC Considerations
• Keep clean water offsite. Control water onsite and filter and re-infiltrate onsite or
filter before it goes offsite. Reduce TSS!
• Sediment traps may be better choice than sediment basins
• No compost filter socks or silt fence unless very flat
• Clean water diversion swale up gradient to level spreaders
• Riprap-lined channels around pad to sediment traps
• Infiltration basins used when soil types are conducive
• Stormwater Management - due to the increase in impervious area

Access Roads – Design Considerations/E&S
• Assume Road Width for Two-way Traffic
• Rock Construction Entrance (RCE) ±130’ Wide at Public Road
• Radius of the Tapered Curve of RCE ±50’
• 50-foot Radius into Well Pad and Tank Pad
• Coming off the state/local road with the access road - assume 10' @ -4%
from EOP (driveway pipe/culvert will be placed at this point).
• 10% max grade preferred
• Roadside ditches (lined with riprap) placed on the upslope side of the
access roads
• Road is in-sloped at 2%

Freshwater Procurement
• Basin Approach to Water Management
• Water Consumed and Not Returned to the Basin
• Water Used and Returned to the Basin
• Do Not Move Water Between Basins…Invasive Species
• Extraction Limits per Day
• And, “Pass-by” when source is low, can’t take any water

Flowback and Produced Water Storage
Tanks or Impoundments?
• High Risk Fluids
• Compatibility Issues (TDS)
• Bolted Stainless Steel Tank Capacity – 45,000 barrels
• Impoundment Capacity – 300,000 barrels
• Temporary Impoundment – 100,000 barrels

Freshwater Storage for Hydraulic Fracturing
Floating Intakes

Single Liner – Freshwater Impoundment
Double Liner w/ Leak Detection Zone – Flowback/Produced
Single Liner - Freshwater
Double Liner – Flowback/Produced

Freshwater Impoundment – 300,000 barrels

Water Quality Example
Parameter Blended Flowback/Produced Groundwater (Freshwater)
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 11,100 35,600 233
Conductivity (µmhos/cm at 25C) 30,400 139,000 449
pH 6.36 6.57 7.74
Chloride (mg/L) 6,300 22,900 18.1
Sodium (mg/L) 2,680 8,120 6.75
Calcium (mg/L) 811.0 2,610.0 81.6
Magnesium (mg/L) 59.7 183.0 19.9
Sulfate (mg/L) 4.62 3.3 36.2
Barium?
Strontium?
Watch for:
• Incompatibility with Liners
• Scaling and Precipitation Potential
Don’t want any leaks

Thank you!
(marcelluscoalition.org)

The Marcellus Shale recently surpassed the 12 BCF
per day mark as outlined in various press reports
based on the latest Energy Information
Administration data. If the Marcellus Shale region
were a country, it would be the eighth largest
natural gas producer in the world. In other words,
the Appalachian Basin is the region for business
development, investment, and advocacy – with
MSC membership at the heart of it all.

Fracking Update: Energy Boom Brings New Developments and Old Concerns

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Fracking Update: Energy Boom Brings New Developments and Old Concerns