The forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, who mentioned that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. This model has become the basis for subsequent models.

1. Tuckman’s Group Development
(Adjourning)

2. Next to EXCELLENCE
William M. Thackeray
comes the APPRECIATION of it

3. 3Tuckman’s Group Development
(Adjourning)
Finally, the group reaches their final goal and
destination. The Adjourning stage begins. Members now starts to
disengage and part from the current group, becoming an
individual once again. They are transitioned to new roles or
groups as a new member. Joining to a new group would lead to
the start of Forming stage and the cycle progresses again.

4. 4
Assessments are made to the group. Members’ effort
are recognized and awarded. Rewards and appreciation
tokens are given to the members, making them feel proud of
their achievements and accomplishments contributing to the
group. Members are happy of how far they have progresses
since the initial stages of their group.
Tuckman’s Group Development
(Adjourning)

5. 5
As members begins to leave the group, they feel anxiety
and nervous, being unsure on their future responsibilities and
expectations. Sense of loss is also felt, as the members have
high admiration, trust and respect for each another. Members
might mourn from parting, being less focused in their tasks and
resulting a drop in group performances.
Tuckman’s Group Development
(Adjourning)

6. EVERY
ENDING
HAS A NEW
BEGINNING

7. 7References
01
02
03
04
05
Tuckman, Bruce W. (1965), 'Developmental Sequence in Small Groups,'
Psychological Bulletin, Volume 63, June 1965
06
Tuckman, Bruce W. and Jensen, M.A.C. (1977) 'Stages of Small-Group
Development Revisited,' Group Organization Management, Volume 2,
Number 4, December 1977.
MIT Human Resource Web. Received from http://hrweb.mit.edu/learning-
development/learning-topics/teams/articles/stages-development
The Teambuilding Company. Received from
http://www.teambuilding.co.uk/Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing.html
Aurora (2013). Received from Bruce Tuckman's Team Development
Model
Culture At Work. Received from Bruce Tuckman's Forming, Storming,
Norming and Performing Team Development Model

8. 8References
07
The Happy Manager. Received from http://www.the-happy-
manager.com/articles/teamwork-theory/
08
Free Management Ebooks. Received from http://www.free-management-
ebooks.com/faqld/development-02.htm
09
Business Balls. Received from
http://www.businessballs.com/tuckmanformingstormingnormingperforming.htm
10
Wikipedia. Received from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuckman%27s_stages_of_group_development
11
Mind Tools. Received from
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_86.htm
12
Chimaera Consulting. Received from
http://www.chimaeraconsulting.com/tuckman.htm