1. The document investigates the effectiveness of coastal vegetation in mitigating tsunami impact through field studies and experiments. It assesses tsunami hazards and the role of various natural and artificial mitigation methods.
2. Experiments show that coral reefs and mangrove forests can reduce tsunami wave heights and currents by reflecting, dissipating, and absorbing their energy. Vegetation type and characteristics influence its mitigating capabilities.
3. A multi-hazard approach is recommended for coastal risk management. Both structural and non-structural mitigation methods should be used depending on the local conditions and hazards. These include early warning systems, land-use planning, and vegetation protection.
Socio-ecological valuation of ecosystem services along the West Antarctic Pen...Jeff Bowman
The Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project is located along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Despite its remoteness the WAP supports a variety of social and economic activities, most notably in the fishing and tourism industries and in international scientific research. Because of the growing pressures imposed by these activities, the rapid rate of environmental change, relatively pristine nature of the environment, its trophic complexity, and rich scientific record, the WAP is an ideal place to explore the impact of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the services and benefits they provide. Here we present a schema to conduct an initial assessment of WAP marine and terrestrial ecosystem services that will serve as a critical baseline for future studies, and that is broadly applicable to other LTER sites. We will combine social valuation and qualitative, expert-based modelling to identify relevant ecosystem services and to conduct an initial assessment and valuation of ecosystem service supply for the WAP region. The Palmer LTER team of investigators includes experts in topics ranging from physical oceanographic processes, to microbiology, to marine avian and mammal ecology. Through interviews and an online survey we will evaluate the views and perceptions of Antarctic ecosystem services and their changes among this group of experts. Our focus will be on biophysical ecosystem services, but we will include cultural ecosystem services and the impacts of changes on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service supply in the expert elicitations. This qualitative, socio-ecological valuation will guide an expanded future assessment of WAP ecosystem services that include economic and socio-cultural realms of ecosystem service as perceived and valued by an expanded pool of experts and stakeholders.
Socio-ecological valuation of ecosystem services along the West Antarctic Pen...Jeff Bowman
The Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project is located along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Despite its remoteness the WAP supports a variety of social and economic activities, most notably in the fishing and tourism industries and in international scientific research. Because of the growing pressures imposed by these activities, the rapid rate of environmental change, relatively pristine nature of the environment, its trophic complexity, and rich scientific record, the WAP is an ideal place to explore the impact of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the services and benefits they provide. Here we present a schema to conduct an initial assessment of WAP marine and terrestrial ecosystem services that will serve as a critical baseline for future studies, and that is broadly applicable to other LTER sites. We will combine social valuation and qualitative, expert-based modelling to identify relevant ecosystem services and to conduct an initial assessment and valuation of ecosystem service supply for the WAP region. The Palmer LTER team of investigators includes experts in topics ranging from physical oceanographic processes, to microbiology, to marine avian and mammal ecology. Through interviews and an online survey we will evaluate the views and perceptions of Antarctic ecosystem services and their changes among this group of experts. Our focus will be on biophysical ecosystem services, but we will include cultural ecosystem services and the impacts of changes on ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service supply in the expert elicitations. This qualitative, socio-ecological valuation will guide an expanded future assessment of WAP ecosystem services that include economic and socio-cultural realms of ecosystem service as perceived and valued by an expanded pool of experts and stakeholders.
“Coral reefs represent some of the world's most spectacular beauty spots, but they are also the foundation of marine life: without them many of the seas most exquisite species will not survive”
~ Sheherazade Goldsmith
“Coral is a very beautiful and unusual animal. Each coral head consists of thousand individual polyps. These polyps are continually budding and branching into genetically identical neighbors”
~ Antony Garrett Lisi
“The ocean stirs the heart, inspires the imagination and brings etrnal joy to the soul”
~ Wyland
Decision support tools for managing coral reef systems at local to regional s...Iwl Pcu
Jess Melbourne-Thomas, University of Queensland (Coral Reef Targeted Research)
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia during the participant-ed workshop on Impact at the Local-level, Coral Reef Restoration and Community Livelihoods
Recent presentation on assessing how U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hurricane Sandy Resilience projects will improve community and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise, storm events and other threats. Presentation highlights development of ecological and socio-economic metrics and provides project examples, marsh restoration, beach restoration, living shorelines and aquatic connectivity (dam removal) of metrics being used to evaluate project performance.
(See notes below) Four hundred years ago, the Chesapeake Bay that the English colonists found here was lined with huge oyster reefs that grew up from the bottom in waters both deep and shallow. Those reefs provided the base for much of the life in the Bay and its rivers, from worms and barnacles through mud crabs and tiny fish to big blue crabs and predators like sheepshead, drum, and rockfish (striped bass).
The oyster reefs weren’t as “pretty” (to us humans) as the coral reefs further south, but in terms of ecosystem richness, they were just as important. One key to their strength was their three-dimensional structure, which successive generations built gradually on the shells of their predecessors over several thousands of years. The structures placed the oysters up in the water column, away from gill-choking bottom sediments, where dissolved oxygen was plentiful and currents brought food in the form of algae cells seeking sunlight.
This PowerPoint presentation, developed by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation’s Fisheries Program Director Bill Goldsborough, tells the story of those reefs and what has happened to them over the past four hundred years. It is not a pretty story, but it offers a hopeful conclusion, as we learn more each year about how to restore these essential elements in the Chesapeake ecosystem.
Anglers have as much to gain as anyone in restoring the Chesapeake’s oysters. The presentation closes with suggestions for how to get involved in oyster restoration, and how to incorporate the restoration reefs into your 2015 angling season.
To participate in CBF’s oyster restoration programs in Virginia and Maryland, visit http://www.cbf.org/oysters.
“Coral reefs represent some of the world's most spectacular beauty spots, but they are also the foundation of marine life: without them many of the seas most exquisite species will not survive”
~ Sheherazade Goldsmith
“Coral is a very beautiful and unusual animal. Each coral head consists of thousand individual polyps. These polyps are continually budding and branching into genetically identical neighbors”
~ Antony Garrett Lisi
“The ocean stirs the heart, inspires the imagination and brings etrnal joy to the soul”
~ Wyland
Decision support tools for managing coral reef systems at local to regional s...Iwl Pcu
Jess Melbourne-Thomas, University of Queensland (Coral Reef Targeted Research)
Presentation given during the 5th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference in Cairns, Australia during the participant-ed workshop on Impact at the Local-level, Coral Reef Restoration and Community Livelihoods
Recent presentation on assessing how U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hurricane Sandy Resilience projects will improve community and ecosystem resilience to sea level rise, storm events and other threats. Presentation highlights development of ecological and socio-economic metrics and provides project examples, marsh restoration, beach restoration, living shorelines and aquatic connectivity (dam removal) of metrics being used to evaluate project performance.
(See notes below) Four hundred years ago, the Chesapeake Bay that the English colonists found here was lined with huge oyster reefs that grew up from the bottom in waters both deep and shallow. Those reefs provided the base for much of the life in the Bay and its rivers, from worms and barnacles through mud crabs and tiny fish to big blue crabs and predators like sheepshead, drum, and rockfish (striped bass).
The oyster reefs weren’t as “pretty” (to us humans) as the coral reefs further south, but in terms of ecosystem richness, they were just as important. One key to their strength was their three-dimensional structure, which successive generations built gradually on the shells of their predecessors over several thousands of years. The structures placed the oysters up in the water column, away from gill-choking bottom sediments, where dissolved oxygen was plentiful and currents brought food in the form of algae cells seeking sunlight.
This PowerPoint presentation, developed by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation’s Fisheries Program Director Bill Goldsborough, tells the story of those reefs and what has happened to them over the past four hundred years. It is not a pretty story, but it offers a hopeful conclusion, as we learn more each year about how to restore these essential elements in the Chesapeake ecosystem.
Anglers have as much to gain as anyone in restoring the Chesapeake’s oysters. The presentation closes with suggestions for how to get involved in oyster restoration, and how to incorporate the restoration reefs into your 2015 angling season.
To participate in CBF’s oyster restoration programs in Virginia and Maryland, visit http://www.cbf.org/oysters.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Sentosa Integrated ResortNovember Tan
An assignment for a class on Environmental Management and Assessment, we are asked to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment on the reclamation on Sentosa island for the construction of a integrated resort.
It is important to note that this is in many ways a hypothetical EIA. There were assumptions made and we did NOT do any baseline surveys or studies. Information were all taken from other sources and projected for this site.
004 Future Coastal Flood and Erosion Risk Management Schemes at Southsea and ...djhutch
Presentation given by Bret Davies (Havant, Portsmouth & Gosport Coastal Defence Partnership) at UPEN workshop - Climate change and the Solent: Opportunities and Vulnerabilities.
Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Assessment of a Coastal Aquifer: North Coast...IJERA Editor
Groundwater pollution in the north coast of Mombasa is not only from surface sources but also from the
intrusion of seawater via the Indian Ocean and creeks. This study assessed the vulnerability of the coastal aquifer
to seawater intrusion using GALDIT index overlay method with the aid of GIS. Thematic maps of six major
factors affecting seawater intrusion were prepared, and given appropriate weightages and ratings. These maps
were overlaid, spatially analyzed to produce vulnerability maps and described based on low, moderate or high
vulnerabilities. The results revealed a significant increase in percentage land cover for low vulnerability areas
and a slight increase for high vulnerability regions between the pre-rains and the peak of raining season. The
outcomes of this study provide useful insights on effective groundwater management for the study area.
Introduction to AS Edexcel crowded coasts with lots of info on things like mangroves, salt marshes, reefs, population amonst other stuff with some extras in it, I have altered this from one I got from the NING site
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This presentation contains costal protection techniques, importance of coastal protection along with the present steps of Bangladesh regarding coastal protection.
To download this presentation you can knock me through this mail (juvairhossan181050@gmail.com)
Similar to Investigations on the Effectiveness of Coastal Vegetation in Tsunami Impact Mitigation (20)
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster risk reduction and nursing - human science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Global alliance of disaster research institutes (GADRI) discussion session, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy supply the role of resilience i...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Making Hard Choices An Analysis of Settlement Choices and Willingness to Retu...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
The Relocation Challenges in Coastal Urban Centers Options and Limitations, A...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Involving the Mining Sector in Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality, Simone ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Reduction and Nursing - Human Science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Training and awareness raising in Critical Infrastructure Protection & Resili...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
IDRC Davos 2016 - Workshop Awareness Raising, Education and Training - Capaci...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Dynamic factors influencing the post-disaster resettlement success Lessons fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Consequences of the Armed Conflict as a Stressor of Climate Change in Colombi...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Perception in Cameroon and its Implications for the Rehabilitat...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Systematic Knowledge Sharing of Natural Hazard Damages in Public-private Part...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Effectiveness of Humanitarian NGO-Private Sector Collaborations...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Can UK Water Service Providers Manage Risk and Resilience as Part of a Multi-...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024
Investigations on the Effectiveness of Coastal Vegetation in Tsunami Impact Mitigation
1. Investigations on the Effectiveness of Coastal Vegetation in Tsunami Impact Mitigation Dr. S.S.L.Hettiarachchi A.H.R.Ratnasooriya Dr. S.P.Samarawickrama University of Moratuwa Acknowledgements- NSF, Sri Lanka WAPMERR, Geneva PARI, Japan Geo Science, Australia University of Arizona
2. Strategic approach in developing Post tsunami mitigation and Conservation of the coastline ..for protection of lives, coastal ecosystems and infrastructure Multi Hazard Coastal Risk Assessment Framework Multi Hazard approach considers all coastal hazards, each having a frequency of occurrence and potential impact (intensity /spatial distribution) Risk= Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability x Deficiencies in Preparedness … . towards Disaster Risk Reduction Mitigation Options
3. Assessment tsunami wave heights and inundation from field studies Galle District Information from investigations on tsunami impact 1
4. Damage profiles of housing and infrastructure (Galle City) International Cricket stadium. Damaged houses behind Gall bay. Damaged bridge. Damaged houses behind Gall bay.
5. Damage at the boundary of water bodies penetrated by the tsunami. Rail track severely affected. Damage to protection works and breakwaters in harbours
9. Promote successful evacuation from tsunamis Early Warning and Countermeasures against tsunamis Mitigate the impact of tsunami (Mitigation Options) -Early Warning System (Local and Regional) -Public Warning System -Evacuation Routes & Structures -Community Education, Maps for their benefit and Preparedness - Physical Interventions (Artificial Methods, Natural Methods and Hybrid Methods) Mitigate exposure and vulnerability to tsunami hazard -Land Use Planning -Regulatory interventions such as set back of defense line -Hazard resilient buildings and infrastructure 2
10. Promote successful evacuation from tsunamis Early Warning and Countermeasures against tsunamis Mitigate the impact of tsunami (Mitigation Options) -Early Warning System (Local and Regional) -Public Warning System -Evacuation Routes & Structures -Community Education, Maps for their benefit and Preparedness - Physical Interventions (Artificial Methods, Natural Methods and Hybrid Methods) Mitigate exposure and vulnerability to tsunami hazard -Land Use Planning -Regulatory interventions such as set back of defense line -Hazard resilient buildings and infrastructure Risk Assessment- Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability and Capacity Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Maps
11. Promote successful evacuation from tsunamis Early Warning and Countermeasures against tsunamis Mitigate the impact of tsunami (Mitigation Options) -Early Warning System (Local and Regional) -Public Warning System -Evacuation Routes & Structures -Community Education, Maps for their benefit and Preparedness - Physical Interventions (Artificial Methods, Natural Methods and Hybrid Methods) Mitigate exposure and vulnerability to tsunami hazard -Land Use Planning -Regulatory interventions such as set back of defense line -Hazard resilient buildings and infrastructure Risk Assessment- Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability and Capacity Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Maps
12. Distribution of epicentres of earthquakes greater than magnitude 5.0 for the period 1976-2000, SE Asia- Indian Ocean (UNDP) Assessment of the Tsunami Hazard and Exposure Tsunami Generation from Earthquake at a Subduction Zone 3 (1) Tsunami Hazard Source (2) Tsunami Hazard Impact on land Exposure
13. Regional Location Shoreline Geometry Location with respect to the Continental Shelf Exposure at a given location Submarine Geological features Impact of Submarine Geological features, Coastal Processes and Local Geometry on Tsunami Wave Amplification
14. Tsunami Mitigation using Artificial and Natural Methods Overall Strategic Approach 4 (1) Reduce the impacts of tsunami waves prior to reaching the shoreline (2) Protect the coastal zone thus preventing the inland movement of tsunami waves (3) Mitigate the severe impacts of tsunami waves on entry to the shoreline Energy dissipator/ Partial barrier in coastal waters Full barrier on the coastline Partial barrier on the coastline
15. Tsunami Mitigation using Artificial and Natural Methods Tsunami Breakwaters Coral Reefs and Sand Bars Revetments,Dikes (High Crest) Sand Dunes Revetments,Dikes (Low Crest) Coastal Vegetation
20. Coral reefs were severely affected and damaged by the debris and sand transported during the inland and shoreward movement of the tsunami wave. (Source-Prof. H Fernando)
21. 2.5 km/hour Current Speed Current Direction Measured MEM CURR Measured currents offshore of Colombo
22. U C U G H L M y x Wave Parameters U o , λ, a Impact of a gap in the reef Wave Parameters ( U 0 , λ, a) Reef Parameters (M, P, L, H) Reef Gap ( ) Depth of water (H 0 ) Location (x, y, z) U 0 U C U G z P
23. Collaborative Research Arizona State University / University of Moratuwa (May/June 2005 and Nov/Dec 2006) PIV method ADV method Simulated reefs Large flume studies
24. Porosity P = 20% and 50% Amplitude a = 20, 30 and 40 cm for H 0 =30 cm Measurements at z = 5, 10, 15, 20 cm for H =20 cm In the experiments the dependence on are investigated U 0 U C U G
27. (a) 50% porosity (b) 20% porosity Normalized Velocity as a function of normalized height 2a = 30cm U 0 Velocity without the reef U C Velocity behind the reef U G Velocity in the reef gap
34. L (Length) Mangrove Forest H 1 H 2 U 1 U 2 Height of mangroves (Hm) Coastal Vegetation (Mangrove Forest)- Partial Barrier Density Plant Characteristics and Resilience Porous Wave Absorber Inundation Height H 1
38. Type I Resistance provides by stem only Type II Resistance provides by stem and branch structure Type III Resistance provides by stem and aerial roots structure Type IV Resistance provides by stem, branch structure and aerial roots structure Classification of Vegetation
39. Experimental set up for small scale tests The wave in progress through vegetation Spacing s , Diameter D Uniform/Staggered grid c 2 c 1 d 1 d 2 θ L a , ( width = b ) H R Gate (Open)