The document provides background information on the key characters and events leading up to the Trojan War, which was fought between the Greeks and the people of Troy over Helen of Sparta. It describes how Paris, a Trojan prince, judged Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess and was rewarded by having Helen, the most beautiful woman, abducted to Troy. This led Menelaus of Sparta and other Greek states like Athens and Mycenae to join forces to retrieve Helen and launch an attack on Troy. The document outlines the roles of important figures on both sides, including Achilles and Hector as the greatest warriors, and events like the use of the Trojan horse that helped the Greeks defeat Troy.