The document summarizes the plot of Homer's Odyssey. It describes Odysseus' 10 year journey home after the Trojan War, where he faced challenges like being trapped by the witch Circe and cyclops Polyphemus. He was also held by the goddess Calypso for 7 years before being freed. The document also outlines events in Ithaca during Odysseus' absence, with suitors trying to win the hand of his faithful wife Penelope. It concludes with Odysseus returning home in disguise and killing the suitors to reclaim his kingdom.

1. The
Adventures of
Odysseus
(Odyssey)

2. Characters
ODYSSEUS:
The Greek king of Ithaca who has been
off fighting the Trojan War for ten years.
TELEMACHUS:
The son of Odysseus.
PENELOPE:
The faithful wife of Odysseus.
AEOLUS:
God of Wind

3. POLYPHEMUS:
The Cyclops who captures Odysseus and
his men with the intention of eating them.
CIRCE:
The witch-goddess with whom Odysseus
and his men stay for one year.
CALYPSO:
The nymph goddess who falls in love with
Odysseus and keeps him on her island
home for seven years. Hermes finally
persuades Calypso to free Odysseus.

4. After Troy fell, everything
changed…
 Athena and Poseidon no longer
blessed Greeks because they
forgot what was due to gods.
 On their voyage home, they
were all punished.

5. Athena punished Greeks
because…
 Cassandra clung to Athena’s image for
protection during the Trojan War.
However, the Greek didn’t leave her.
 Cassandra got dragged away from
Athena’s temple and was raped.
 Athena got angry.
 She asked Poseidon
to punished these
sailors.
Ajax drags Cassandra from Palladium before
eyes of Priam.

6. Who’s Cassandra?
 King Priam’s daughter.
 Apollo gifted her the ability
to tell fortune in order to win
her heart.
 However, this gift was
turned into a curse after
Apollo was turned down by
Cassandra.
 No one believed in
Cassandra’s fortune telling.

7.  Poseidon made the Greeks
unable to sail home directly but
wandering around:
 Agamemnon came near to
losing all his ships.
 Menelaus was blown to Egypt.
 Ajax was drowned.
 Odysseus was made to wander
for 10 years.

8. In Ithaca, the island where Odysseus’
home was..
 Everyone thought Odysseus’ wife,
Penelope, as a widow and
proposed to her.
 These suitors just wanted
Odysseus’ possessions and
properties.
 Penelope and Odysseus’ son,
Telemachus, could not stand them.

9. Penelope’s plan to not receiving
any suitor’s proposal
 She lied that she couldn’t
marry until she finished
woven a fine wrought shroud
for Odysseus’ father.
 Penelope unwove each
night what she had woven
during the day.

10. Penelope and her suitors

11. After 10 years, gods forgave Odysseus…
 Poseidon was the only exception.
 Gods were moved by Athena’s
words. Zeus ordered that gods had
to help Odysseus to return home.
 Athena arrived Ithaca and helped
Telemachus to go to Menelaus’
place and gather Odysseus’ news.

12. Athena (in the form of mentor) and
Telemachus

13. On the other side…
 Hermes carried Zeus’ command
and went to Calypso, asking her
to release Odysseus.
 Calypso loved Odysseus and
shared all her fortune with him.
However, Odysseus missed his
family in Greek.

14. Odysseus and Calypso

15.  The fifth morning after
Hermes’ visit found
Odysseus putting out to
sea before a fair wind
over quiet waters.
 Seventeen days he
journeyed without change
of weather until Poseidon
appeared and changed
everything.

16. A kind goddess,
Ino, pitied
Odysseus. She
appeared as a sea
gull and informed
Odysseus that he
should abandon
the raft and swim
to shore.

17. Odysseus landed a country belonged to
Phaeacians. They were kind and
splendid sailers. Odysseus was saved
by the King’s daughter, Nausicaa.

18.  Odysseus was invited to the palace
by Nausicaa. There, the king
promised to help him home.
Odysseus told his story of ten years’
wandering in the presence of all the
Phaeacian chiefs.

19. Odysseus’ very first adventure after
the Trojan War…
On the tenth day from
their departure from
Troy, they came to the
land of Lotus-eaters.
Those who ate the
flower-food forgot their
longing for home.

20. The second adventure…
 They met Cyclops Polyphemus.

21. Odysseus and his men poke out the
eye of the Cyclops’

22. Then…
 They arrived Country of Winds, ruled
by King Aeolus. He received
Odysseus and his crew hospitably
and gifted Odysseus a leather sack of
storm winds.

23.  One of Odysseus’ crew thought it
was gold in the sack and opened it.
 The winds rushed out and blew
them to the country of Laestrygones,
a people of gigantic size and
cannibals too.
Laestrygons About to Eat
Odysseus' Scout

24. They moved to the
next island, Aeaea,
the realm of Circe, a
most beautiful and
dangerous witch.
She turned men into
pigs. However,
Odysseus with
Hermes help didn’t
get transformed.
Circe, thereby, fell in
love with Odysseus.
CIRCE

25.  Circe listened and
followed
Odysseus’
commands. They
lived in Aeaea
happily for a year.
 Before they left,
Circe offered
Odysseus next tip
to get home. ODYSSEUS AND CIRCE

26.  Following Circe’s tip,
Odysseus and his
crew came to Erebus
where Hades ruled
with Persephone.
 They filled the trench
with sheep's blood in
order to find the spirit
of Tiresias to tell them
how to get home.
Tiresias foretells the Future to Odysseus.

27.  Tiresias said the chief danger was
that they might do injury to the oxen of
the Sun.
 Odysseus kept following Circe’s tip to
sail home. He knew that they would
pass the island of sirens.
 Sirens were marvelous singers whose
voices would make a man forget all
else.
 In order not to hear sirens’ singing,
every men needed to stop his ears with
wax.

28. However, Odysseus would
like to hear their voices. He
asked his crew to tie him on
the mast when they passed
by sirens.

29. Odysseus became the only one
who heard Sirens

30. Arrived the island of the
Sun, the crew ate the oxen
because they were hungry.
THE OXEN OF THE SUN

31.  The Sun immediately took
his vengeance. A thunderbolt
shattered the ship when they
left, everyone drowned,
except for Odysseus.
 In the end, he came to
Phaeacian.
 The King helped Odysseus
to return to Ithaca.

32. Return to Ithaca

33. Telemachus first reunited
with his father, Odysseus.

34.  Odysseus disguised as an old beggar
among Penelope’s suitors.
 Penelope didn’t recognized him.
 However, Odysseus’ nurse Eurycleia
did when she saw the scar on his foot
as she washed his feet.

35.  Penelope said she
would marry anyone
who can shoot an
arrow straight
through 12 rings.
 No one succeed.
Penelope Weeping over the Bow of Odysseus

36. Odysseus was the last one to try.

37. He shot at every suitor on the spot.

38. After the slaughter, Eurycleia woke
Penelope.
The whole family finally reunited.

39. Odysseus reunited with Penelope.

40. Thank
Thank you for listening!
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