This document summarizes a research study that investigated developing a tin-based babbit composite material with improved tribological properties for use in bearings. The researchers fabricated babbit composites reinforced with 2%, 4%, and 6% silicon carbide using stir casting. Pin-on-disc wear tests were conducted on the composite materials and pure babbit under varying loads and sliding velocities. The results showed that the babbit composite with 2% SiC reinforcement exhibited the lowest wear rate compared to the other compositions and pure babbit. Microstructural analysis found the 2% SiC composite had a refined microstructure contributing to its increased wear resistance. The study concluded that reinforcing babbit with 2% silicon carbide improved its wear resistance
IRJET- Development of Al-Sic MMC by Bottom Pouring Stir Casting and Parametri...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing an aluminum-silicon carbide metal matrix composite (Al-SiC MMC) through bottom pouring stir casting. Al-SiC MMC samples were fabricated with 10%, 15%, and 20% weight fractions of silicon carbide particles. Hardness testing found the 10% composite had the highest hardness. Microstructure analysis of the 15% composite found uneven particle distribution. The document also reviews electrical discharge machining (EDM) as a method to machine such MMCs and discusses how machining parameters like current and pulse time impact the material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness during EDM of MMCs.
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
IRJET- Development of Low Weight Magnesium Composite and its CharacterisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into developing a low-weight magnesium composite material and characterizing its properties. Magnesium alloy AZ91D was processed with silicon carbide as reinforcement using stir casting. Specimens with varying silicon carbide composition from 3-12% were tested. Tensile testing showed that yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness increased with higher silicon carbide content. Microstructural analysis found smaller grain sizes and better reinforcement distribution with smaller silicon carbide particle sizes. X-ray diffraction testing identified the crystal structures and confirmed no stress concentration in the composites.
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium-7075 Reinforced with Boron-Carbide (B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the mechanical behavior of aluminum-7075 reinforced with boron carbide and graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the aluminum matrix. Mechanical testing showed that adding the reinforcements increased the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the composites compared to the unreinforced alloy. In particular, a composite with 4% boron carbide and 4% graphite particles exhibited the highest values for tensile strength and yield strength.
Fabrication and evaluation of mechanical properties of al6061 IJARIIT
Metal matrix composite are widely used in automotive industries because they exhibits different mechanical properties
such as high strength and good wear resistance, high specific stiffness, low weight and high hardness etc. Due to these properties
metal matrix composite with particulate reinforcement and fabricating method has become one of the most important areas of
research. The work is mainly focus on fabrication of Al 6061 reinforced with 4% B4C (particle size 100 mesh) & 4% Cu and
method used for fabrication is stir casting method. Tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, microstructure of fabricated
composite are used to characterize it. By addition of B4C & Cu tensile strength and hardness of the fabricated composite has
increased and slightly decreased in impact strength. Scanning Electron microscopy is used to confirm the microstructure and
uniform distribution of B4C & Cu particles in metal matrix composite. The value of tensile strength increase up to 20% and
hardness increase upto15% due to addition of B4C & Cu paritcles.The physical and mechanical properties of composite are
improved so it can be used for automotive industrial applications.
A Review on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminium Metal Matri...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of the mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs). It discusses how AMCs exhibit improved strength, toughness, and other properties compared to aluminium alone. The document reviews the mechanical behavior and microstructure of various AMCs reinforced with materials like silicon carbide and fly ash. Testing showed that AMCs with 10% silicon carbide particulate exhibited around 12% higher tensile strength and 17% higher yield strength compared to pure aluminium, along with a 9% increase in hardness. Optical microscopy indicated more uniform distribution of reinforcements when both silicon carbide and fly ash were included.
Study on Cold Forming Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix CompositeIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the cold forming behavior of an aluminum metal matrix composite. Specifically, it investigates cold upsetting of an aluminum-boron carbide-silicon carbide composite fabricated through stir casting. Six composite specimens were made with varying volume percentages of boron carbide and silicon carbide reinforcements in an aluminum matrix. A cold upsetting test was conducted to determine the maximum true axial stress, true hoop stress, and hydrostatic stress of the composites. The results showed that the reinforcements improved the compressive strength of the aluminum composite based on the stress-strain curves.
Corrosion Study on Al-Mg Alloy Reinforced with Micro Titanium and Boron Carbi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the corrosion behavior of an aluminum-magnesium alloy reinforced with micro titanium and boron carbide particulate hybrid metal matrix composites. The composite was fabricated using stir casting with 1%, 2%, and 3% boron carbide additions. Salt spray testing found that weight loss and corrosion rate increased with higher boron carbide content. Scanning electron microscopy images showed boron carbide particles becoming corroded and detaching from the matrix. The composite demonstrated good corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution.
IRJET- Development of Al-Sic MMC by Bottom Pouring Stir Casting and Parametri...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing an aluminum-silicon carbide metal matrix composite (Al-SiC MMC) through bottom pouring stir casting. Al-SiC MMC samples were fabricated with 10%, 15%, and 20% weight fractions of silicon carbide particles. Hardness testing found the 10% composite had the highest hardness. Microstructure analysis of the 15% composite found uneven particle distribution. The document also reviews electrical discharge machining (EDM) as a method to machine such MMCs and discusses how machining parameters like current and pulse time impact the material removal rate, tool wear rate, and surface roughness during EDM of MMCs.
Studies on Al8081-B4C Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting MethodIJMER
Aluminium MMCs are preferred in the fields of aerospace, military, automotive, marine and
in many other domestic applications. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop and
study the, Mechanical properties of Al-8081/B4C reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. The
composite was prepared by using Liquid Metallurgy Route (Stir Casting Technique). Liquid state has
some important advantages such as better matrix particle bonding, easier control of matrix structure,
simplicity, low cost of processing, nearer to net shape and wide selection of material. Al-8081 alloy
was taken as the base matrix to which B4C particulates are used as reinforcements. Al8081-B4C
composites were prepared by varying weight percentage of B4C i.e 0 to 6 %, in steps of two. The
objective is to study the effect of B4C particulates on mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and hardness of Al8081 alloy composites. The results of this study revealed
that, as the B4C content was increased, there were significant increases in the ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength and hardness in the composites as compared to the base matrix
IRJET- Development of Low Weight Magnesium Composite and its CharacterisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into developing a low-weight magnesium composite material and characterizing its properties. Magnesium alloy AZ91D was processed with silicon carbide as reinforcement using stir casting. Specimens with varying silicon carbide composition from 3-12% were tested. Tensile testing showed that yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and toughness increased with higher silicon carbide content. Microstructural analysis found smaller grain sizes and better reinforcement distribution with smaller silicon carbide particle sizes. X-ray diffraction testing identified the crystal structures and confirmed no stress concentration in the composites.
IRJET- Mechanical Behavior of Aluminium-7075 Reinforced with Boron-Carbide (B...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the mechanical behavior of aluminum-7075 reinforced with boron carbide and graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the aluminum matrix. Mechanical testing showed that adding the reinforcements increased the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the composites compared to the unreinforced alloy. In particular, a composite with 4% boron carbide and 4% graphite particles exhibited the highest values for tensile strength and yield strength.
Fabrication and evaluation of mechanical properties of al6061 IJARIIT
Metal matrix composite are widely used in automotive industries because they exhibits different mechanical properties
such as high strength and good wear resistance, high specific stiffness, low weight and high hardness etc. Due to these properties
metal matrix composite with particulate reinforcement and fabricating method has become one of the most important areas of
research. The work is mainly focus on fabrication of Al 6061 reinforced with 4% B4C (particle size 100 mesh) & 4% Cu and
method used for fabrication is stir casting method. Tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, microstructure of fabricated
composite are used to characterize it. By addition of B4C & Cu tensile strength and hardness of the fabricated composite has
increased and slightly decreased in impact strength. Scanning Electron microscopy is used to confirm the microstructure and
uniform distribution of B4C & Cu particles in metal matrix composite. The value of tensile strength increase up to 20% and
hardness increase upto15% due to addition of B4C & Cu paritcles.The physical and mechanical properties of composite are
improved so it can be used for automotive industrial applications.
A Review on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminium Metal Matri...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of the mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMCs). It discusses how AMCs exhibit improved strength, toughness, and other properties compared to aluminium alone. The document reviews the mechanical behavior and microstructure of various AMCs reinforced with materials like silicon carbide and fly ash. Testing showed that AMCs with 10% silicon carbide particulate exhibited around 12% higher tensile strength and 17% higher yield strength compared to pure aluminium, along with a 9% increase in hardness. Optical microscopy indicated more uniform distribution of reinforcements when both silicon carbide and fly ash were included.
Study on Cold Forming Behavior of Aluminum Metal Matrix CompositeIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study on the cold forming behavior of an aluminum metal matrix composite. Specifically, it investigates cold upsetting of an aluminum-boron carbide-silicon carbide composite fabricated through stir casting. Six composite specimens were made with varying volume percentages of boron carbide and silicon carbide reinforcements in an aluminum matrix. A cold upsetting test was conducted to determine the maximum true axial stress, true hoop stress, and hydrostatic stress of the composites. The results showed that the reinforcements improved the compressive strength of the aluminum composite based on the stress-strain curves.
Corrosion Study on Al-Mg Alloy Reinforced with Micro Titanium and Boron Carbi...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the corrosion behavior of an aluminum-magnesium alloy reinforced with micro titanium and boron carbide particulate hybrid metal matrix composites. The composite was fabricated using stir casting with 1%, 2%, and 3% boron carbide additions. Salt spray testing found that weight loss and corrosion rate increased with higher boron carbide content. Scanning electron microscopy images showed boron carbide particles becoming corroded and detaching from the matrix. The composite demonstrated good corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution.
Effect of silicon oxide sio2 reinforced particles on ageing behavior of al 20...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of silicon oxide (SiO2) particles on the aging behavior of an Al-2024 alloy. Key points:
- Al-2024 composites were produced with 0%, 3%, and 6% SiO2 via stir casting and subjected to heat treatments.
- Hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance were tested for the composites in as-cast and heat treated conditions.
- Heat treatments included solutionizing at 550°C for 2 hours followed by artificial aging at 150°C for times between 1-5 hours.
- The existence of SiO2 particles was found to increase the peak hardness of the alloy and accelerate the aging kinetics compared
Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chlo...ijtsrd
Hybrid composites are the composites which contain two different reinforcements in them. One of the reinforcements will be added in different quantities and another one will be added with same quantity. In this work hybrid composites of aluminium 356 are manufactured by adding fly ash and silicon carbide particulates. Composites are manufactured by liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Composites containing 2% fly ash and 2, 4 and 6 weight percentages of SiC particulates were manufactured. Matrix alloy was also casted in the same way for comparison. Static weight loss corrosion test and potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted in different concentrated solutions of neutral chloride like sodium chloride. In both the tests the hybrid composites exhibited decreased corrosion rate with increase in reinforcement content. Hence hybrid composites are more suitable than the matrix alloy for applications. V. Bheema Raju | S. Kusuma | P. V. Krupakara | H. C. Ananda Murthy"Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chloride Medium" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/8253/corrosion-characterization-of-aluminium-356-hybrid-composites-in-neutral-chloride-medium/v-bheema-raju
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Compressive Stength of Composite Fiber Re...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of fiber reinforced composite concrete with metakaolin as an admixture. Various percentages of metakaolin (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and fiber contents (0.5% and 1% steel and polypropylene fibers) were used to make cubes, cylinders, and beams to determine the strength. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with metakaolin and addition of fibers improved the compressive strength of concrete compared to normal concrete without additives. The optimum dosage of metakaolin and fibers was found to be 15% metakaolin and 1% fibers for achieving maximum strength in M60 grade concrete.
A Review of the Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite and its PropertiesIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC), which combine an aluminum matrix with reinforcements like silicon carbide, graphite, and fly ash.
2) AMMCs offer benefits like high strength, low density, good wear resistance, and are used in automotive, aerospace, and other industrial applications.
3) Stir casting is commonly used to manufacture AMMCs and results in improved properties when the reinforcements are uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
The document discusses the manufacturing of an aluminium matrix composite using stir casting. Stir casting involves dispersing a ceramic reinforcement (in this case alumina) into molten aluminium alloy using mechanical stirring. Several process parameters for stir casting are outlined, including a stirring speed of 300 rpm, temperature of 800°C, and stirring time of 5 minutes. The experimental setup used involved heating aluminium alloy to melting, adding 1% magnesium as a wetting agent, and adding preheated alumina reinforcement during stirring. The molten composite was then poured into a preheated mold. The summary concludes that stir casting is a cost-effective method for producing aluminium matrix composites with uniform distribution of reinforcement and enhanced mechanical properties.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY STIR CASTING METHODSNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides an introduction and literature review on graphite-based aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses how AMMCs overcome limitations of conventional materials by combining high strength, stiffness, and low density. The document reviews various fabrication techniques for AMMCs and their applications in industries like aerospace and automotive. It summarizes past research that studied mechanical properties of different AMMC compositions and processing methods.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis on Aluminum Alloy(6063) with Silicon Carbide...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis that was conducted on aluminum alloy 6063 reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The study aimed to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical properties, and compare aluminum 6063 with steel at different weight percentages of silicon carbide (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). The aluminum-silicon carbide composites were produced using stir casting, where silicon carbide particles were added to molten aluminum alloy and mechanically mixed. Tests were performed to analyze the hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance of the composites compared to steel. The results indicated that adding silicon carbide particles improved the mechanical properties of the aluminum composite material.
IRJET- An Intelligent In -Vehicle Wireless Multilingual Over-Speed Announcer ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum 7075 metal matrix composites reinforced with glass fibers. The composites were fabricated using powder metallurgy with different weight percentages of glass fiber (2%, 3%, 4%) and sintering temperatures (500°C, 550°C). Testing showed that density, hardness, and compressive strength increased with higher sintering temperature and reached an optimum value with 3 wt.% glass fiber. Microstructural analysis revealed that properties depended on fiber content and sintering conditions due to changes in bonding and densification during processing.
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study on Concrete using Silica Fume and Ir...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the use of silica fume and iron slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. The study investigated the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixes containing 15% silica fume and varying amounts of iron slag (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) replacement at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the mix with 15% silica fume and 50% iron slag replacement achieved the highest compressive strength and split tensile strength compared to the other mixes and conventional concrete. Therefore, the optimal mix was determined to be a partial replacement with 15% silica fume and 50
Studies on aluminium silicon eutectic alloy casting and design approach of it...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on casting and gating system design of an aluminum-silicon eutectic alloy (LM-6 alloy). It aims to improve the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy through modification treatment, grain refinement, and degassing. The study involves casting test bars of LM-6 alloy both with and without modification to compare their tensile strength, hardness, and elongation. It also covers the design of gating systems and risers for castings using modulus method and developing flowcharts for computer programming of the casting design. Experimental results show that modification treatment improves the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of B4C Particulates Reinforced Al-4.5%Cu All...IOSRJMCE
1) B4C particulates were added to an Al-4.5%Cu alloy matrix using stir casting to produce metal matrix composites (MMCs) with 2% and 4% B4C by weight.
2) Microstructural analysis found the B4C particles were uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix with no clustering or defects.
3) Dry sliding wear tests found the MMCs had lower wear than the unreinforced alloy, with wear resistance increasing with higher B4C content. The MMCs were more resistant to changes in load and sliding speed during wear testing.
IRJET- Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Steel Slag in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing fine aggregate with steel slag in concrete. Steel slag is a byproduct of steel production that is often disposed of in landfills. The study aimed to determine if steel slag could replace a portion of fine aggregate in concrete. Several concrete mixtures with 0%, 25%, and 50% replacement of fine aggregate with steel slag were tested. The compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of the mixtures were determined after 7 and 28 days. The results showed that 25% and 50% replacement provided comparable or improved strength compared to traditional concrete, suggesting steel slag is a viable partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete.
Characterization of Al/WC/Fly ash Metal Matrix Compositesijtsrd
Metal matrix composites are formed by combination of two or more materials (at least one of the materials is metal) having dissimilar characteristics. In this present investigation, aluminium (Al 6061) as base matrix metal and tungsten carbide (WC) particulate, fly ash as reinforcements. Fabrication of MMCs was done by stir-casting process. The Tungsten Carbide particulate was added in proportions of 1%, 2%, and 3% and Fly ash was added in proportions of 2%, 4%, and 6% on mass fraction basis to the molten metal. The different combination sets of composites were prepared. Mechanical properties like tensile strength and hardness were studied for both reinforced and unreinforced Al 6061 samples. Microstructure examination was carried by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to obtain the distribution of tungsten carbide particulate and fly ash in base matrix. From the results, it was found that the tensile strength and the hardness of the prepared metal matrix composites increased with increase in tungsten carbide and fly ash content. The Scanning Electron Micrographs of the samples indicated uniform distribution of tungsten carbide and fly ash particles in the base matrix without voids before testing and with voids after testing. Nithin K"Characterization of Al/WC/Fly ash Metal Matrix Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10937.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/10937/characterization-of-alwcfly-ash-metal-matrix-composites/nithin-k
Reduction of Splatters in Intercell Welding of a Lead Acid BatteryIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing splatters in intercell welding of lead acid batteries. Splatters are unwanted metal particles expelled during resistance welding that reduce quality. The researcher analyzed the problem using tools like fishbone diagrams and identified key causes as insufficient electrode contact area, tip gap variation, and flag misalignment. Their proposed solutions were increasing the electrode diameter to improve contact area, using a lock nut to control tip gap, and adding ribs to properly align flags. Testing showed these solutions reduced monthly splatter rates from over 4% to under 0.3%, improving productivity, quality, and savings.
IRJET-Fabrication And Testing Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Through St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum metal matrix composites produced through stir casting technique. Magnesium and zinc particles were added to an aluminum alloy 6061 at volume fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The composites were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, hardness, and bending. Tensile testing showed that ultimate tensile strength increased with higher particle content, reaching a maximum of 26.211 MPa for the 9% composite. Compression testing yielded a maximum strength of 20.976 MPa also for the 9% composite. Hardness values ranged from 104-119 Vickers hardness. The study concluded that stir casting can successfully produce aluminum composites with improved mechanical properties over the unreinforced alloy
IRJET- Mechanical and Tribological Characterisation of Sintered Iron and Alu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sintered iron-based alloys with varying compositions of iron, aluminium, nickel, and chromium using powder metallurgy techniques. Metal powders were compacted and sintered at high temperatures to produce test specimens. Mechanical properties like hardness and compressive strength were evaluated. The alloys with 30% iron, 30% aluminium, 15% nickel, and 15% chromium demonstrated the highest hardness and strength. The research aims to determine alloy compositions that improve tribological properties for applications in machine elements like gears and bearings.
Experimental Investigation On Tin Based Babbitt Composite MaterialIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental investigation of tin-based babbitt composite materials. Babbitt alloys are commonly used for manufacturing journal bearings but have relatively low fatigue strength and moderate wear resistance. To address these limitations, silicon carbide particles are incorporated into the babbitt matrix at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% using stir casting. Wear tests are conducted on the composite materials and pure babbitt under varying loads and speeds. The results show that a composite with 4% SiC exhibits the lowest wear compared to the other materials tested. Reinforcing babbitt with silicon carbide improves its mechanical properties and makes it more suitable for use in bearings with high operating stresses.
Studies on Mechanical Behavior of Aa7030-B4C Metal Matrix Composites with Hea...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the mechanical properties of AA7030 aluminum alloy reinforced with boron carbide (B4C) particulates. AA7030-B4C composites containing 3, 6, and 9 wt.% B4C were fabricated using stir casting and subjected to mechanical testing. Microstructural analysis found uniform distribution of B4C particles in the aluminum matrix. Composites underwent solution heat treatment at 525°C for 1 hour followed by artificial aging at 175°C for 10 hours. Testing found the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, compression strength, and fatigue strength all increased with higher B4C content and heat treatment. The 9 wt.% B4C composite saw a 26% increase in ultimate
REVIEW ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-ASBESTOS COMPOSITE MATERIAL USED IN BR...ijiert bestjournal
Metallic matrix composites are combinations of two or more different metals inter metallic compounds or second phases in which dispersed phases are embe dded within the metallic matrix. They are produced by controlling the morphologies of the constituents to achieve optimum combination of properties. Properties of the composites depend on the properti es of the constituent phases,their relative amount,and dispersed phase geometry including particle siz e,shape and orientation in the matrix. In this pap er,The mechanical properties,behaviour and micro stru ctural evolution of aluminium metal matrix metallic composites fabricated under various process conditi ons were investigated to understand their process- structure�property relations by optimization proces s. Addition of silicon carbide to aluminum has show n an increase in its mechanical properties.
Effect of silicon oxide sio2 reinforced particles on ageing behavior of al 20...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of silicon oxide (SiO2) particles on the aging behavior of an Al-2024 alloy. Key points:
- Al-2024 composites were produced with 0%, 3%, and 6% SiO2 via stir casting and subjected to heat treatments.
- Hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance were tested for the composites in as-cast and heat treated conditions.
- Heat treatments included solutionizing at 550°C for 2 hours followed by artificial aging at 150°C for times between 1-5 hours.
- The existence of SiO2 particles was found to increase the peak hardness of the alloy and accelerate the aging kinetics compared
Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chlo...ijtsrd
Hybrid composites are the composites which contain two different reinforcements in them. One of the reinforcements will be added in different quantities and another one will be added with same quantity. In this work hybrid composites of aluminium 356 are manufactured by adding fly ash and silicon carbide particulates. Composites are manufactured by liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Composites containing 2% fly ash and 2, 4 and 6 weight percentages of SiC particulates were manufactured. Matrix alloy was also casted in the same way for comparison. Static weight loss corrosion test and potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted in different concentrated solutions of neutral chloride like sodium chloride. In both the tests the hybrid composites exhibited decreased corrosion rate with increase in reinforcement content. Hence hybrid composites are more suitable than the matrix alloy for applications. V. Bheema Raju | S. Kusuma | P. V. Krupakara | H. C. Ananda Murthy"Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 356 Hybrid Composites in Neutral Chloride Medium" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/8253/corrosion-characterization-of-aluminium-356-hybrid-composites-in-neutral-chloride-medium/v-bheema-raju
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Compressive Stength of Composite Fiber Re...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of fiber reinforced composite concrete with metakaolin as an admixture. Various percentages of metakaolin (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and fiber contents (0.5% and 1% steel and polypropylene fibers) were used to make cubes, cylinders, and beams to determine the strength. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with metakaolin and addition of fibers improved the compressive strength of concrete compared to normal concrete without additives. The optimum dosage of metakaolin and fibers was found to be 15% metakaolin and 1% fibers for achieving maximum strength in M60 grade concrete.
A Review of the Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite and its PropertiesIRJET Journal
1) The document reviews aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC), which combine an aluminum matrix with reinforcements like silicon carbide, graphite, and fly ash.
2) AMMCs offer benefits like high strength, low density, good wear resistance, and are used in automotive, aerospace, and other industrial applications.
3) Stir casting is commonly used to manufacture AMMCs and results in improved properties when the reinforcements are uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix.
The document discusses the manufacturing of an aluminium matrix composite using stir casting. Stir casting involves dispersing a ceramic reinforcement (in this case alumina) into molten aluminium alloy using mechanical stirring. Several process parameters for stir casting are outlined, including a stirring speed of 300 rpm, temperature of 800°C, and stirring time of 5 minutes. The experimental setup used involved heating aluminium alloy to melting, adding 1% magnesium as a wetting agent, and adding preheated alumina reinforcement during stirring. The molten composite was then poured into a preheated mold. The summary concludes that stir casting is a cost-effective method for producing aluminium matrix composites with uniform distribution of reinforcement and enhanced mechanical properties.
Performance of Composite Materials Using a Novel Techniqueinventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE BY STIR CASTING METHODSNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides an introduction and literature review on graphite-based aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs). It discusses how AMMCs overcome limitations of conventional materials by combining high strength, stiffness, and low density. The document reviews various fabrication techniques for AMMCs and their applications in industries like aerospace and automotive. It summarizes past research that studied mechanical properties of different AMMC compositions and processing methods.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis on Aluminum Alloy(6063) with Silicon Carbide...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis that was conducted on aluminum alloy 6063 reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The study aimed to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical properties, and compare aluminum 6063 with steel at different weight percentages of silicon carbide (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). The aluminum-silicon carbide composites were produced using stir casting, where silicon carbide particles were added to molten aluminum alloy and mechanically mixed. Tests were performed to analyze the hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance of the composites compared to steel. The results indicated that adding silicon carbide particles improved the mechanical properties of the aluminum composite material.
IRJET- An Intelligent In -Vehicle Wireless Multilingual Over-Speed Announcer ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum 7075 metal matrix composites reinforced with glass fibers. The composites were fabricated using powder metallurgy with different weight percentages of glass fiber (2%, 3%, 4%) and sintering temperatures (500°C, 550°C). Testing showed that density, hardness, and compressive strength increased with higher sintering temperature and reached an optimum value with 3 wt.% glass fiber. Microstructural analysis revealed that properties depended on fiber content and sintering conditions due to changes in bonding and densification during processing.
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study on Concrete using Silica Fume and Ir...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the use of silica fume and iron slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. The study investigated the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixes containing 15% silica fume and varying amounts of iron slag (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) replacement at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the mix with 15% silica fume and 50% iron slag replacement achieved the highest compressive strength and split tensile strength compared to the other mixes and conventional concrete. Therefore, the optimal mix was determined to be a partial replacement with 15% silica fume and 50
Studies on aluminium silicon eutectic alloy casting and design approach of it...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on casting and gating system design of an aluminum-silicon eutectic alloy (LM-6 alloy). It aims to improve the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy through modification treatment, grain refinement, and degassing. The study involves casting test bars of LM-6 alloy both with and without modification to compare their tensile strength, hardness, and elongation. It also covers the design of gating systems and risers for castings using modulus method and developing flowcharts for computer programming of the casting design. Experimental results show that modification treatment improves the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy.
Microstructure and Wear Behavior of B4C Particulates Reinforced Al-4.5%Cu All...IOSRJMCE
1) B4C particulates were added to an Al-4.5%Cu alloy matrix using stir casting to produce metal matrix composites (MMCs) with 2% and 4% B4C by weight.
2) Microstructural analysis found the B4C particles were uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix with no clustering or defects.
3) Dry sliding wear tests found the MMCs had lower wear than the unreinforced alloy, with wear resistance increasing with higher B4C content. The MMCs were more resistant to changes in load and sliding speed during wear testing.
IRJET- Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Steel Slag in ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated replacing fine aggregate with steel slag in concrete. Steel slag is a byproduct of steel production that is often disposed of in landfills. The study aimed to determine if steel slag could replace a portion of fine aggregate in concrete. Several concrete mixtures with 0%, 25%, and 50% replacement of fine aggregate with steel slag were tested. The compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths of the mixtures were determined after 7 and 28 days. The results showed that 25% and 50% replacement provided comparable or improved strength compared to traditional concrete, suggesting steel slag is a viable partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete.
Characterization of Al/WC/Fly ash Metal Matrix Compositesijtsrd
Metal matrix composites are formed by combination of two or more materials (at least one of the materials is metal) having dissimilar characteristics. In this present investigation, aluminium (Al 6061) as base matrix metal and tungsten carbide (WC) particulate, fly ash as reinforcements. Fabrication of MMCs was done by stir-casting process. The Tungsten Carbide particulate was added in proportions of 1%, 2%, and 3% and Fly ash was added in proportions of 2%, 4%, and 6% on mass fraction basis to the molten metal. The different combination sets of composites were prepared. Mechanical properties like tensile strength and hardness were studied for both reinforced and unreinforced Al 6061 samples. Microstructure examination was carried by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to obtain the distribution of tungsten carbide particulate and fly ash in base matrix. From the results, it was found that the tensile strength and the hardness of the prepared metal matrix composites increased with increase in tungsten carbide and fly ash content. The Scanning Electron Micrographs of the samples indicated uniform distribution of tungsten carbide and fly ash particles in the base matrix without voids before testing and with voids after testing. Nithin K"Characterization of Al/WC/Fly ash Metal Matrix Composites" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10937.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/10937/characterization-of-alwcfly-ash-metal-matrix-composites/nithin-k
Reduction of Splatters in Intercell Welding of a Lead Acid BatteryIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing splatters in intercell welding of lead acid batteries. Splatters are unwanted metal particles expelled during resistance welding that reduce quality. The researcher analyzed the problem using tools like fishbone diagrams and identified key causes as insufficient electrode contact area, tip gap variation, and flag misalignment. Their proposed solutions were increasing the electrode diameter to improve contact area, using a lock nut to control tip gap, and adding ribs to properly align flags. Testing showed these solutions reduced monthly splatter rates from over 4% to under 0.3%, improving productivity, quality, and savings.
IRJET-Fabrication And Testing Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Through St...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication and testing of aluminum metal matrix composites produced through stir casting technique. Magnesium and zinc particles were added to an aluminum alloy 6061 at volume fractions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. The composites were tested for tensile strength, compression strength, hardness, and bending. Tensile testing showed that ultimate tensile strength increased with higher particle content, reaching a maximum of 26.211 MPa for the 9% composite. Compression testing yielded a maximum strength of 20.976 MPa also for the 9% composite. Hardness values ranged from 104-119 Vickers hardness. The study concluded that stir casting can successfully produce aluminum composites with improved mechanical properties over the unreinforced alloy
IRJET- Mechanical and Tribological Characterisation of Sintered Iron and Alu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing sintered iron-based alloys with varying compositions of iron, aluminium, nickel, and chromium using powder metallurgy techniques. Metal powders were compacted and sintered at high temperatures to produce test specimens. Mechanical properties like hardness and compressive strength were evaluated. The alloys with 30% iron, 30% aluminium, 15% nickel, and 15% chromium demonstrated the highest hardness and strength. The research aims to determine alloy compositions that improve tribological properties for applications in machine elements like gears and bearings.
Experimental Investigation On Tin Based Babbitt Composite MaterialIRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental investigation of tin-based babbitt composite materials. Babbitt alloys are commonly used for manufacturing journal bearings but have relatively low fatigue strength and moderate wear resistance. To address these limitations, silicon carbide particles are incorporated into the babbitt matrix at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% using stir casting. Wear tests are conducted on the composite materials and pure babbitt under varying loads and speeds. The results show that a composite with 4% SiC exhibits the lowest wear compared to the other materials tested. Reinforcing babbitt with silicon carbide improves its mechanical properties and makes it more suitable for use in bearings with high operating stresses.
Studies on Mechanical Behavior of Aa7030-B4C Metal Matrix Composites with Hea...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the mechanical properties of AA7030 aluminum alloy reinforced with boron carbide (B4C) particulates. AA7030-B4C composites containing 3, 6, and 9 wt.% B4C were fabricated using stir casting and subjected to mechanical testing. Microstructural analysis found uniform distribution of B4C particles in the aluminum matrix. Composites underwent solution heat treatment at 525°C for 1 hour followed by artificial aging at 175°C for 10 hours. Testing found the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, compression strength, and fatigue strength all increased with higher B4C content and heat treatment. The 9 wt.% B4C composite saw a 26% increase in ultimate
REVIEW ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-ASBESTOS COMPOSITE MATERIAL USED IN BR...ijiert bestjournal
Metallic matrix composites are combinations of two or more different metals inter metallic compounds or second phases in which dispersed phases are embe dded within the metallic matrix. They are produced by controlling the morphologies of the constituents to achieve optimum combination of properties. Properties of the composites depend on the properti es of the constituent phases,their relative amount,and dispersed phase geometry including particle siz e,shape and orientation in the matrix. In this pap er,The mechanical properties,behaviour and micro stru ctural evolution of aluminium metal matrix metallic composites fabricated under various process conditi ons were investigated to understand their process- structure�property relations by optimization proces s. Addition of silicon carbide to aluminum has show n an increase in its mechanical properties.
Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 6061/ Tib2 Metal Matrix Composites in...ijtsrd
This paper deals with the high corrosion resistance developed by the metal matrix composites when compared with that of matrix alloy. Matrix selected is Al6061 and reinforcement selected is TiB2 particulates, which is a ceramic material. The liquid melt metallurgy technique is used to prepare composites. Preheated but uncoated TiB2 particulates are added to the melt. By adding degasifying tablets, the melt is stirred well. Metal matrix composites containing 2, 4 and 6 weight percentage of TiB2 are prepared. Bar castings were taken and are cut into cylindrical discs of 20mm diameter and 20mm thickness. Corrosion tests were conducted at room temperature [230 C] using conventional weight loss method according to ASTM G69-80. Different concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions are used as corrodents. Weighed specimens dipped in corrodent solutions and were taken out at every 24 hours of interval up to 96 hours. Four specimens for each condition and time were used and taken out at every 24 hours of interval. Corrosion rates were calculated using the formula 534DAT/W. In all concentrations of sodium hydroxide solutions, corrosion rate decreases with increase in exposure time for matrix and metal matrix composites. As TiB2 content increases the composites become more corrosion resistant due to insulating nature of ceramic material and less exposure of matrix alloy in those metal matrix composites. V. Latha | Dr. Radha. H. R | Dr. P. V. Krupakara | R. Lakshmi"Corrosion Characterization of Aluminium 6061/ Tib2 Metal Matrix Composites in Sodium Hydroxide Medium" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15749.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/physical-chemistry/15749/corrosion-characterization-of-aluminium-6061-tib2-metal-matrix-composites-in-sodium-hydroxide-medium/v-latha
IRJET - Fabrication of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fly ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the fabrication of magnesium metal matrix composites reinforced with fly ash cenospheres. Fly ash cenospheres are a lightweight and low-cost material that can improve the mechanical properties of magnesium composites. The document describes a process of stir casting to mix molten magnesium with 5-20% fly ash cenospheres by weight. This results in a magnesium composite with an improved and refined microstructure, higher hardness, and increased tensile strength compared to magnesium alone. Experimental tests are used to evaluate the mechanical properties and microstructure of the fabricated magnesium composites reinforced with fly ash cenospheres.
IRJET- Effect of Reinforcement of B4C & SIC on Hardness of AA2024IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of reinforcing aluminum alloy AA2024 with boron carbide (B4C) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles on the hardness of the composite. AA2024 was reinforced with 5% and 10% mixtures of B4C and SiC using stir casting. Testing found that a 5% reinforcement increased Brinell hardness to 49 BHN and Rockwell hardness to 119 HRB. A 10% reinforcement further increased hardness to 97 BHN and 185 HRB, respectively. The document concludes that reinforcing AA2024 with B4C and SiC improves its mechanical properties by increasing hardness in a linear relationship with reinforcement content.
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that characterized aluminum 7075 hybrid composites reinforced with boron carbide and tungsten carbide particles. The composites were fabricated using stir casting by varying the boron carbide content from 2-6wt% and keeping tungsten carbide constant at 4wt%. Testing showed that hardness increased with higher boron carbide content, while density remained similar to aluminum 7075. Wear resistance also improved with increased hardness. Microstructural analysis revealed a more uniform distribution of reinforcements at higher boron carbide levels. Overall, the composites demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties for applications requiring high strength and wear resistance.
IRJET- A Study on Wear and Microstructure Properties of AA7075 Reinforced...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the wear and microstructure properties of AA7075 aluminum alloy reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles produced using powder metallurgy. AA7075 aluminum powder was mixed with 4%, 6%, and 10% SiC powder by weight and sintered at 600°C. Wear tests found that increasing the SiC content decreased the wear rate. Microstructure images showed a uniform distribution of SiC particles and decreased porosity after heat treatment. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of aluminum and silicon carbide in the composites.
Study on Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete using Fly Ash and Ri...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the use of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) with partial replacement of cement by fly ash and rice husk ash. Five concrete mixes were prepared with 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% steel fibers by weight of binder. Cement was partially replaced at 15% each with fly ash and rice husk ash. Test results showed that compressive and split tensile strengths increased with steel fiber content up to 1.5%, with superior strength observed at 1.5% fibers. Workability decreased as fiber content increased. The study concluded that 15% replacements of cement with fly ash and rice husk ash, along with 1.5% steel
IRJET- Studies on Drilling Characteristics of Heat Treated Aluminium A356/Sil...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study that fabricated aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with 0%, 10%, and 20% silicon carbide particles using stir casting. The composites were heat treated. Drilling experiments were conducted on the composites using coated carbide tools. Taguchi design of experiments was used to analyze the effects of drilling parameters like speed, feed, point angle, and silicon carbide weight percentage on surface roughness and thrust force. Analysis of variance was employed to determine the most influential parameters. The results showed that speed, feed, point angle, and reinforcement content significantly affected the drilling process.
IRJET - An Investigation of the Mechanical and Tribological Properties o...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminium alloys reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) metal matrix composites. It discusses how aluminium-SiC composites have better strength, lower density, and improved wear resistance compared to other metals. The document also summarizes several studies that investigated properties like hardness, tensile strength, and wear rate of different aluminium-SiC compositions fabricated by stir casting and powder metallurgy. The studies found that reinforcement with SiC generally increased strength and hardness but decreased ductility. Properties varied with the SiC content and fabrication method.
Fabrication and Study of the Mechanical Properties of AA7129 Alloy Reinforced...ijtsrd
In the present work Al7129 metal matrix reinforced with Titanium carbide TiC and Boron carbide B4C powder is fabricated through stir casting route. Metal matrix composites were manufactured by altering percent weight fraction 5 to 25 wt. in steps of 5 weight with average particle size. The importance of composites as engineering materials is considered by the fact that out of over 1600 engineering materials available in the market today consists of 200 composites. These composites initially to many experiments and the wear behavior of these composites were traversed to a maximum extent and were reported by number of research scholars for the past 25 years. In the present study based on the literature review, the effect Carbide on Stir Cast Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites is discussed. aluminum hybrid composites are a new generation of metal matrix composites that have the potentials of satisfying the demands of advanced engineering applications such as in used in the aircraft manufacturing sector, aerospace, automobile, space, underwater and transportation applications. This is mainly due to upgraded mechanical and tribological properties like stiff, strong, abrasion and impact resistant and is not easily corroded. This paper attempts to review the different combination and configuration of reinforcing materials used in processing of hybrid aluminum matrix composites and how it effects the mechanical, corrosion and wear performance of the materials. M. Rajesh | Dr. G. Naga Malleswara Rao | Dr. B. Chandra Mohana Reddy "Fabrication and Study of the Mechanical Properties of AA7129 Alloy Reinforced with B4C &TiC" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31626.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31626/fabrication-and-study-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-aa7129-alloy-reinforced-with-b4c-andtic/m-rajesh
IRJET- Tribological Evaluation of LM26 Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites.IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the tribological properties of aluminum LM26 metal matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles. Specifically, it:
1) Fabricated aluminum LM26 composites with 5%, 10%, and 15% silicon carbide reinforcement by weight using stir casting. Samples were tested on a pin-on-disk tribometer under loads of 40-60N, sliding velocities of 2-6m/s.
2) Testing results showed that wear rate increased with increasing load but decreased with higher silicon carbide content, providing improved wear resistance. Sliding velocity had a negligible effect on wear characteristics.
3) The study concluded that aluminum LM26 composites showed potential for
IRJET- Investigating Numerical and Experimental Analysis on Convection Heat T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an investigation into the fabrication and analysis of an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced with iron oxide. Aluminum 7075 was used as the base metal matrix, and iron oxide (magnetite) was added as reinforcement in proportions of 2%, 6%, and 10% by weight. The composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy and stir casting. Tests were conducted to analyze the convection heat transfer properties of the composites using a pin-fin apparatus and compared to numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The composites have potential applications in aeronautics, automotive, and other industries due to their improved properties over the base aluminum alloy.
Analysis of Mechanical and Metallurgical properties of Al-SiCp Composite by S...IJRES Journal
This document analyzes the mechanical and metallurgical properties of an Al-SiCp composite produced using a squeeze-cum-stir casting technique. Samples were produced with 5%, 15%, and 25% SiCp by volume and tested for hardness, impact strength, and microstructure. Hardness and impact strength increased with higher SiCp content. Micrographs showed more homogeneous particle distribution for the 15% sample. The new casting technique was found to improve properties over conventional stir casting and reduce particle clustering even at high SiCp contents.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Al Base Hybrid Metal Matrix CompositiesIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites with silicon carbide (SiC) and bagasse ash reinforcements fabricated via stir casting. Pure aluminum was mixed with 5%, 10%, and 15% SiC and 5% bagasse ash to produce the composites. The composites were tested for hardness, tensile strength, and toughness and compared to pure aluminum. Test results showed that incorporation of SiC and bagasse ash improved the mechanical properties of the aluminum composites. Hardness increased gradually with higher SiC content. Toughness was highest for the composite with 15% SiC and 5% bagasse ash, as impact strength decreased least for this sample compared to pure aluminum.
Characterization of Graphite and Zirconium Oxide on Al 7075 Metal Matrix Comp...ijtsrd
This work investigates the mechanical properties of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites reinforced with Zirconium Oxide and Graphite. The composite material has been prepared by Stir casting technique. Al 7075 as matrix metal, Zirconium oxide and graphite as reinforcements. Zirconium Oxide and Graphite both have been mixed in different proportions in the Aluminium Matrix. Both reinforcement constituents were added in different combinations, so as to investigate the effect of each of these two and their individual effects. Density test, Micro hardness test and Compression test were carried out on the developed hybrid composites to study the mechanical properties of composites. Micro structural studies were carried out on Al 7075 and all composites. Samples were prepared and tested as per ASTM standards. Significant improvement in micro hardness and Compressive strength was found with an increase in Zirconium dioxide in weight percentage of composites. Micro structural study reveals the uniform distribution of reinforcements ZrO2 and graphite in as cast and Al 7075 metal matrix composites. Vijay Kumar Navuluri | Prasanna Nagasai Bellamkonda | Srikanth Sudabathula "Characterization of Graphite and Zirconium Oxide on Al-7075 Metal Matrix Composites (MMCS) Fabricated by Stir Casting Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26513.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26513/characterization-of-graphite-and-zirconium-oxide-on-al-7075-metal-matrix-composites-mmcs-fabricated-by-stir-casting-technique/vijay-kumar-navuluri
17. a review on electrical, thermal and wear behaviour of al6061 ag compositeNEERAJKUMAR1898
This document provides a review of the electrical, thermal, and wear behavior of an Al6061-Ag composite. It was produced using stir casting, which involves dispersing silver particles into molten aluminum alloy. Testing examined the composite's microstructure, density, electrical resistivity, and thermal behavior using differential scanning calorimetry. The composite showed improved mechanical properties, tribological behavior, and thermal and electrical conductivity compared to the base aluminum alloy due to the addition of silver particles.
IRJET- Analysis of Diagrid Structures with Plan IrregularityIRJET Journal
This document describes the development and characterization of a magnesium matrix composite reinforced with borosilicate particles using powder metallurgy techniques. Magnesium and borosilicate powders were mixed in 7%, 14%, and 21% borosilicate compositions and compacted and sintered to form composite materials. The composites were then tested for corrosion resistance, compression strength, and examined microscopically. Test results showed the borosilicate reinforcement improved the properties of the magnesium matrix composite compared to unreinforced magnesium.
IRJET- Development and Characterization of Borosilicate Particles Reinforced ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the development and characterization of a magnesium matrix composite reinforced with borosilicate particles using powder metallurgy techniques. Magnesium and borosilicate powders were mixed in 7%, 14%, and 21% borosilicate compositions and compacted and sintered to form composites. Tests on the composites showed that increasing the borosilicate content improved corrosion resistance while the 14% composition exhibited the highest elongation under compression testing. Microstructure images indicated finer borosilicate particle distribution in the 7% composition compared to coarser particles in the 14% and 21% compositions. The composites developed through this low-cost powder metallurgy method showed potential for applications requiring good strength and
Similar to Tribological Investigation and Development of Tin Based Babbit Composite Material (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.