Indexing and abstracting preservation and conservationMaryV Navarro
This document discusses indexing, abstracting, preservation, and conservation of print and electronic materials. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like preservation, conservation, and different types of document surrogates like abstracts, annotations, extracts, and summaries. The document outlines best practices for preserving materials, including proper physical storage, temperature/humidity control, and cleaning. Principles of indexing like exhaustivity, specificity, and consistency are also covered.
This document discusses the use of statistics and metrics to evaluate the nanotechnology journal collection at the HKUST Library. It examines usage statistics from COUNTER reports and impact factors from the Journal Citation Reports to analyze usage of e-journals. It finds that journals with higher impact factors tended to have more usage, while about a third of e-journals were never used. The document advocates using metrics for objective and frequent evaluation of collections to better meet user needs.
FRBR, FRAD and RDA I don't speak cataloging why should I careDeann Trebbe
This document discusses FRBR, FRAD, and RDA. It begins with an overview of the acronyms: FRBR is the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, a conceptual model; FRAD is the Functional Requirements for Authority Data, also a conceptual model; and RDA is Resource Description and Access. It then provides more details on FRBR and FRAD, including their purposes and entities. FRBR is based on user tasks of finding, identifying, selecting, and acquiring resources. FRAD similarly maps authority data to user tasks. The document concludes that FRBR and FRAD encourage new ways of looking at bibliographic and authority data, and that like libraries, they continue to evolve.
This document provides guidelines for cataloging microforms according to AACR2. It discusses how to identify the chief source of information and record titles, statements of responsibility, editions, publication details, physical descriptions, and notes in the appropriate MARC tags. Examples are given for cataloging cartographic materials, serials, and books reproduced in microform format. Key elements like extent, dimensions, accompanying materials, and notes on reproduction are to be included in the 300 physical description field.
This document provides an overview of collection evaluation and assessment. It defines collection assessment as the systematic evaluation of a library's collection to determine how well it meets the library's goals and user needs. The document discusses reasons for assessing collections, such as adapting the collection to budget changes and enhancing communication. It also outlines types of assessment, including quantitative measures like number of items and qualitative reviews. Finally, it proposes using a "prism" model to evaluate a collection across dimensions of real/invented and personal/generic. The goal is to achieve a balanced collection that meets user needs.
This document discusses preservation and conservation of library materials. Preservation aims to maintain materials in their original condition by preventing decay, while conservation treats physically damaged materials to extend their lifespan. Key threats include improper handling, lack of environmental control of temperature and humidity, lighting, pollution, pests and security issues. Proper storage conditions, pest control and security systems can help prevent damage. A disaster plan should assess risks, form response teams, prioritize materials, and maintain supplies. Conservation focuses on keeping materials in their original format through repairs, collections treatments, and prudent management practices. The goal is long-term accessibility, not cosmetic changes.
Weeding is the process of removing materials from a library collection that are no longer useful or relevant. It is necessary to keep collections current and ensure materials are circulating, but it can be a time-consuming and controversial process. Common fears about weeding include it being viewed as throwing away books or making mistakes in decisions. When weeding, factors like currency, circulation, condition, duplication and format obsolescence should be considered. Materials removed may be donated, recycled or sold to generate revenue. Weeding helps free up space and staff time while ensuring the collection meets the needs of its users.
Government Publication Are documents issued, published, or financed by local, state, federal, or international government agencies.
Government publications can cover virtually any subject, including Congressional laws and hearings, nutrition, crime, diseases, endangered species, and immigration. The U.S. federal government is the world's greatest collector and publisher of statistics.
They include parliamentary publications, legislation, policy documents, discussion documents, statistics and reports.
Indexing and abstracting preservation and conservationMaryV Navarro
This document discusses indexing, abstracting, preservation, and conservation of print and electronic materials. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms like preservation, conservation, and different types of document surrogates like abstracts, annotations, extracts, and summaries. The document outlines best practices for preserving materials, including proper physical storage, temperature/humidity control, and cleaning. Principles of indexing like exhaustivity, specificity, and consistency are also covered.
This document discusses the use of statistics and metrics to evaluate the nanotechnology journal collection at the HKUST Library. It examines usage statistics from COUNTER reports and impact factors from the Journal Citation Reports to analyze usage of e-journals. It finds that journals with higher impact factors tended to have more usage, while about a third of e-journals were never used. The document advocates using metrics for objective and frequent evaluation of collections to better meet user needs.
FRBR, FRAD and RDA I don't speak cataloging why should I careDeann Trebbe
This document discusses FRBR, FRAD, and RDA. It begins with an overview of the acronyms: FRBR is the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, a conceptual model; FRAD is the Functional Requirements for Authority Data, also a conceptual model; and RDA is Resource Description and Access. It then provides more details on FRBR and FRAD, including their purposes and entities. FRBR is based on user tasks of finding, identifying, selecting, and acquiring resources. FRAD similarly maps authority data to user tasks. The document concludes that FRBR and FRAD encourage new ways of looking at bibliographic and authority data, and that like libraries, they continue to evolve.
This document provides guidelines for cataloging microforms according to AACR2. It discusses how to identify the chief source of information and record titles, statements of responsibility, editions, publication details, physical descriptions, and notes in the appropriate MARC tags. Examples are given for cataloging cartographic materials, serials, and books reproduced in microform format. Key elements like extent, dimensions, accompanying materials, and notes on reproduction are to be included in the 300 physical description field.
This document provides an overview of collection evaluation and assessment. It defines collection assessment as the systematic evaluation of a library's collection to determine how well it meets the library's goals and user needs. The document discusses reasons for assessing collections, such as adapting the collection to budget changes and enhancing communication. It also outlines types of assessment, including quantitative measures like number of items and qualitative reviews. Finally, it proposes using a "prism" model to evaluate a collection across dimensions of real/invented and personal/generic. The goal is to achieve a balanced collection that meets user needs.
This document discusses preservation and conservation of library materials. Preservation aims to maintain materials in their original condition by preventing decay, while conservation treats physically damaged materials to extend their lifespan. Key threats include improper handling, lack of environmental control of temperature and humidity, lighting, pollution, pests and security issues. Proper storage conditions, pest control and security systems can help prevent damage. A disaster plan should assess risks, form response teams, prioritize materials, and maintain supplies. Conservation focuses on keeping materials in their original format through repairs, collections treatments, and prudent management practices. The goal is long-term accessibility, not cosmetic changes.
Weeding is the process of removing materials from a library collection that are no longer useful or relevant. It is necessary to keep collections current and ensure materials are circulating, but it can be a time-consuming and controversial process. Common fears about weeding include it being viewed as throwing away books or making mistakes in decisions. When weeding, factors like currency, circulation, condition, duplication and format obsolescence should be considered. Materials removed may be donated, recycled or sold to generate revenue. Weeding helps free up space and staff time while ensuring the collection meets the needs of its users.
Government Publication Are documents issued, published, or financed by local, state, federal, or international government agencies.
Government publications can cover virtually any subject, including Congressional laws and hearings, nutrition, crime, diseases, endangered species, and immigration. The U.S. federal government is the world's greatest collector and publisher of statistics.
They include parliamentary publications, legislation, policy documents, discussion documents, statistics and reports.
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival ResourcesFe Angela Verzosa
Presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Seminar on Disaster Management, sponsored by Aquinas University (held at Daragang Magayon Hall, Aquinas University, Legaspi, Albay, Philippines) on 8 October 2009
The Changing Nature of Collection Development in Academic LibrariesFe Angela Verzosa
Presented at the seminar-workshop sponsored by the Center for Human Research and Development Foundation Inc. at PBSP Bldg, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines on 24 August 2006
Archives and recordkeeping: theory into practiceFacet Publishing
This groundbreaking text demystifies archival and recordkeeping theory and its role in modern day practice.
The book's great strength is in articulating some of the core principles and issues that shape the discipline and the impact and relevance they have for the 21st century professional.
Using an accessible approach, it outlines and explores key literature and concepts and the role they can play in practice. Leading international thinkers and practitioners from the archives and records management world, Jeannette Bastian, Alan Bell, Anne Gilliland, Rachel Hardiman, Eric Ketelaar, Jennifer Meehan and Caroline Williams, consider the concepts and ideas behind the practicalities of archives and records management to draw out their importance and relevance.
Key topics covered include:
- Records and archives: concepts, roles and definitions
- Archival appraisal: practising on shifting sand
- Arrangement and description: between theory and practice
- Ethics for archivists and records managers
- Archives, memories and identities
- Under the influence: the impact of philosophy on archives and records management
- Participation vs principle: does technological change marginalize recordkeeping theory?
This is essential reading for students and educators in archives and recordkeeping and invaluable as a guide for practitioners who want to better understand and inform their day-to-day work. It is also a useful guide across related disciplines in the information sciences and humanities.
More information: http://www.facetpublishing.co.uk/title.php?id=8255
Lecture presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Records Management Seminar sponsored by InfoManagement Specialists on 16-18 April at Plaza del Norte Convention Center and Hotel, Laoag City
Library material are collections of inestimable value; but subject to deterioration. The meaning of deterioration, its causes and prevention would help you keep the collection of your library in good condition for a long time. Read up to know these.
This document contains a 10 question quiz about preservation of library materials. It addresses topics like the number of items repaired each year at the library, proper adhesives for repairing books, optimal humidity levels, definitions of materials like vellum and bristol board, identifying water damage issues, treating materials with care, and storing materials in low temperature and humidity to prolong their life.
Subject Headings Authority File for Filipiniana materials / Annelyn C. Kim an...CILIP MDG
The document discusses the creation of a Filipiniana Subject Authority File (FiSAF) to provide authorized subject headings for Filipiniana materials. FiSAF will be a free, web-based application containing controlled vocabulary terms gathered from the University of the Philippines catalog to facilitate information retrieval about the Philippines. Terms will be checked against existing resources and organized hierarchically and through equivalence relationships in TemaTres software. FiSAF aims to supplement standard tools by providing a national authority file of Filipino terms for catalogers and information specialists.
This document provides guidance on evaluating and weeding library collections. It discusses why collection evaluation and weeding are important to save time, space, and ensure access to current information. It outlines criteria for evaluating collections such as curriculum alignment, age analysis, and circulation data. Methods of analyzing collections are described, including using vendor analysis sites and circulation reports. Guidelines are presented for identifying materials to weed using criteria like being misleading, superseded, or trivial. Options for disposing of weeded materials include donating, book sales, or recycling. Safety and policy concerns are also addressed.
This workshop provides the basic principles of serials cataloging using RDA and MARC 21 applicable to both original and copy cataloging. The workshop focuses on applying CONSER RDA core elements for serials.
The workshop materials are based on RDA instructions, LC-PCC Policy Statements, and guidelines documented in the CONSER Cataloging Manual for identifying works and expressions, recording attributes of resources, and completing a description of a serial resource. The workshop will cover several aspects of CONSER’s implementation of RDA in the MARC 21 environment, including practices for coding the MARC field 246 for variant titles, fixed fields, and use of relationship designators to record relationships between resources.
Depending on the needs and interests of participants, the presenters will make available online introductory sessions to cover the basics of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, RDA Toolkit, and the MARC 21 format for bibliographic data as prerequisites to the workshop.
The course is designed for those new to serials: beginning serials catalogers and technicians and monograph catalogers working with serials. Experienced AACR2 serials catalogers wishing to make the transition to RDA are welcome to take this course as a primer to RDA serial cataloging.
Les Hawkins
CONSER Coordinator, Library of Congress
Les Hawkins has been coordinator of the CONSER program at the Library of Congress (LC) since 2003. CONSER is the Cooperative Serials Program of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), an authoritative source for bibliographic records, documentation, and training materials for serials cataloging. Les has been involved with RDA course development and instruction for Library of Congress catalogers as well as RDA serials bridge training for LC and CONSER serials catalogers. His current activities include participating as an editor of the CONSER Cataloging Manual being revised for RDA. Les received the 2014 Ulrich's Serials Librarianship Award, presented by the Continuing Resources Section (CRS) of ALCTS.
Academic libraries serve colleges and universities by providing resources to students, staff, and faculty. Larger institutions may have multiple libraries dedicated to specific subjects like law or science. This document discusses the history of academic libraries in the Philippines from their origins with Spanish missionaries in the 16th century through their modern development. It provides details on the establishment of librarianship as a profession, growth during the 20th century, and current standards and professional organizations for academic libraries.
This document provides guidelines for cataloging sound recordings according to MARC format. It describes the key fields for identifying the chief source of the recording, physical description including extent and dimensions, notes on contents and intended audience, and subject analysis. Sample catalog records are given to illustrate the proper formatting.
We used to think of the user in the life of the library. Now we think of the library in the life of the user. As behaviors change in a network environment, we have seen growing interest in ethnographic and user-centered design approaches. This presentation introduces this topic. It also explores changes in how we manage collections as an illustration of this shift towards thinking of the library in the life of the user.
This document discusses archival arrangement and description practices. It outlines the differences between library and archival materials and standards. It describes common archival functions like appraisal, acquisition, arrangement, description, and preservation. The main focus is on archival arrangement, which considers issues like original order, levels of description, and intellectual versus physical order. Description standards like DACS and methods like database tracking, finding aids, and catalog records are also covered. Challenges to fully processing and describing archival collections are acknowledged.
An article on how to manage special libraries.
Includes:
- Aspects in special library management
- Problems, challenges and opportunities involved in managing a special library
Course: LIBSCI 36 - Special/Public Librarianship
Teacher: Elizabeth Banlat
Best practices in library and information services a case presentation (1)avantiarsh
The document outlines several best practices adopted by academic libraries in India related to library management and administration. It describes 10 specific practices, including observation of other libraries, in-service training programs for staff, transparent promotion policies for staff, maintenance of clean library spaces, special membership programs, generating revenue through internet services, student internship programs, involving students in library upkeep, and employing students part-time in the library. The goal is to identify and share exemplary practices to help strengthen library services at academic institutions.
Management of Library and information CentresSundar B N
in this document BLIS Paper 2 Management of Library and information Centres of KSOU 2019 August Question Paper is Solved.
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Developed by Mike Eisenberg, Professor of Information Science at Syracuse University and Bob Berkowitz, a practicing library media professional in Syracuse, New York in the year 2000.
The Big 6 incorporates information search and use in a systematic process to find, use, apply, and evaluate information for specific needs.
Lecture presented by Vivian Praxedes D. Sy at PAARL's Summer Conference on the theme "Library Analytics: Data-driven Library Management", held at Pearl Hotel, Manila on 20-22 April 2016
This document discusses librarians providing real-time reference assistance using digital tools. It introduces online reference services and the use of social media, cites examples from libraries worldwide, and examines tools like chat, email and videoconferencing. Key aspects of developing a virtual reference program are outlined, including training, guidelines, competencies and evaluating performance. Behavioral standards for chat and other digital reference services are presented.
Preservation Strategies For Library And Archival ResourcesFe Angela Verzosa
Presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Seminar on Disaster Management, sponsored by Aquinas University (held at Daragang Magayon Hall, Aquinas University, Legaspi, Albay, Philippines) on 8 October 2009
The Changing Nature of Collection Development in Academic LibrariesFe Angela Verzosa
Presented at the seminar-workshop sponsored by the Center for Human Research and Development Foundation Inc. at PBSP Bldg, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines on 24 August 2006
Archives and recordkeeping: theory into practiceFacet Publishing
This groundbreaking text demystifies archival and recordkeeping theory and its role in modern day practice.
The book's great strength is in articulating some of the core principles and issues that shape the discipline and the impact and relevance they have for the 21st century professional.
Using an accessible approach, it outlines and explores key literature and concepts and the role they can play in practice. Leading international thinkers and practitioners from the archives and records management world, Jeannette Bastian, Alan Bell, Anne Gilliland, Rachel Hardiman, Eric Ketelaar, Jennifer Meehan and Caroline Williams, consider the concepts and ideas behind the practicalities of archives and records management to draw out their importance and relevance.
Key topics covered include:
- Records and archives: concepts, roles and definitions
- Archival appraisal: practising on shifting sand
- Arrangement and description: between theory and practice
- Ethics for archivists and records managers
- Archives, memories and identities
- Under the influence: the impact of philosophy on archives and records management
- Participation vs principle: does technological change marginalize recordkeeping theory?
This is essential reading for students and educators in archives and recordkeeping and invaluable as a guide for practitioners who want to better understand and inform their day-to-day work. It is also a useful guide across related disciplines in the information sciences and humanities.
More information: http://www.facetpublishing.co.uk/title.php?id=8255
Lecture presented by Fe Angela M. Verzosa at the Records Management Seminar sponsored by InfoManagement Specialists on 16-18 April at Plaza del Norte Convention Center and Hotel, Laoag City
Library material are collections of inestimable value; but subject to deterioration. The meaning of deterioration, its causes and prevention would help you keep the collection of your library in good condition for a long time. Read up to know these.
This document contains a 10 question quiz about preservation of library materials. It addresses topics like the number of items repaired each year at the library, proper adhesives for repairing books, optimal humidity levels, definitions of materials like vellum and bristol board, identifying water damage issues, treating materials with care, and storing materials in low temperature and humidity to prolong their life.
Subject Headings Authority File for Filipiniana materials / Annelyn C. Kim an...CILIP MDG
The document discusses the creation of a Filipiniana Subject Authority File (FiSAF) to provide authorized subject headings for Filipiniana materials. FiSAF will be a free, web-based application containing controlled vocabulary terms gathered from the University of the Philippines catalog to facilitate information retrieval about the Philippines. Terms will be checked against existing resources and organized hierarchically and through equivalence relationships in TemaTres software. FiSAF aims to supplement standard tools by providing a national authority file of Filipino terms for catalogers and information specialists.
This document provides guidance on evaluating and weeding library collections. It discusses why collection evaluation and weeding are important to save time, space, and ensure access to current information. It outlines criteria for evaluating collections such as curriculum alignment, age analysis, and circulation data. Methods of analyzing collections are described, including using vendor analysis sites and circulation reports. Guidelines are presented for identifying materials to weed using criteria like being misleading, superseded, or trivial. Options for disposing of weeded materials include donating, book sales, or recycling. Safety and policy concerns are also addressed.
This workshop provides the basic principles of serials cataloging using RDA and MARC 21 applicable to both original and copy cataloging. The workshop focuses on applying CONSER RDA core elements for serials.
The workshop materials are based on RDA instructions, LC-PCC Policy Statements, and guidelines documented in the CONSER Cataloging Manual for identifying works and expressions, recording attributes of resources, and completing a description of a serial resource. The workshop will cover several aspects of CONSER’s implementation of RDA in the MARC 21 environment, including practices for coding the MARC field 246 for variant titles, fixed fields, and use of relationship designators to record relationships between resources.
Depending on the needs and interests of participants, the presenters will make available online introductory sessions to cover the basics of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, RDA Toolkit, and the MARC 21 format for bibliographic data as prerequisites to the workshop.
The course is designed for those new to serials: beginning serials catalogers and technicians and monograph catalogers working with serials. Experienced AACR2 serials catalogers wishing to make the transition to RDA are welcome to take this course as a primer to RDA serial cataloging.
Les Hawkins
CONSER Coordinator, Library of Congress
Les Hawkins has been coordinator of the CONSER program at the Library of Congress (LC) since 2003. CONSER is the Cooperative Serials Program of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC), an authoritative source for bibliographic records, documentation, and training materials for serials cataloging. Les has been involved with RDA course development and instruction for Library of Congress catalogers as well as RDA serials bridge training for LC and CONSER serials catalogers. His current activities include participating as an editor of the CONSER Cataloging Manual being revised for RDA. Les received the 2014 Ulrich's Serials Librarianship Award, presented by the Continuing Resources Section (CRS) of ALCTS.
Academic libraries serve colleges and universities by providing resources to students, staff, and faculty. Larger institutions may have multiple libraries dedicated to specific subjects like law or science. This document discusses the history of academic libraries in the Philippines from their origins with Spanish missionaries in the 16th century through their modern development. It provides details on the establishment of librarianship as a profession, growth during the 20th century, and current standards and professional organizations for academic libraries.
This document provides guidelines for cataloging sound recordings according to MARC format. It describes the key fields for identifying the chief source of the recording, physical description including extent and dimensions, notes on contents and intended audience, and subject analysis. Sample catalog records are given to illustrate the proper formatting.
We used to think of the user in the life of the library. Now we think of the library in the life of the user. As behaviors change in a network environment, we have seen growing interest in ethnographic and user-centered design approaches. This presentation introduces this topic. It also explores changes in how we manage collections as an illustration of this shift towards thinking of the library in the life of the user.
This document discusses archival arrangement and description practices. It outlines the differences between library and archival materials and standards. It describes common archival functions like appraisal, acquisition, arrangement, description, and preservation. The main focus is on archival arrangement, which considers issues like original order, levels of description, and intellectual versus physical order. Description standards like DACS and methods like database tracking, finding aids, and catalog records are also covered. Challenges to fully processing and describing archival collections are acknowledged.
An article on how to manage special libraries.
Includes:
- Aspects in special library management
- Problems, challenges and opportunities involved in managing a special library
Course: LIBSCI 36 - Special/Public Librarianship
Teacher: Elizabeth Banlat
Best practices in library and information services a case presentation (1)avantiarsh
The document outlines several best practices adopted by academic libraries in India related to library management and administration. It describes 10 specific practices, including observation of other libraries, in-service training programs for staff, transparent promotion policies for staff, maintenance of clean library spaces, special membership programs, generating revenue through internet services, student internship programs, involving students in library upkeep, and employing students part-time in the library. The goal is to identify and share exemplary practices to help strengthen library services at academic institutions.
Management of Library and information CentresSundar B N
in this document BLIS Paper 2 Management of Library and information Centres of KSOU 2019 August Question Paper is Solved.
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Developed by Mike Eisenberg, Professor of Information Science at Syracuse University and Bob Berkowitz, a practicing library media professional in Syracuse, New York in the year 2000.
The Big 6 incorporates information search and use in a systematic process to find, use, apply, and evaluate information for specific needs.
Lecture presented by Vivian Praxedes D. Sy at PAARL's Summer Conference on the theme "Library Analytics: Data-driven Library Management", held at Pearl Hotel, Manila on 20-22 April 2016
This document discusses librarians providing real-time reference assistance using digital tools. It introduces online reference services and the use of social media, cites examples from libraries worldwide, and examines tools like chat, email and videoconferencing. Key aspects of developing a virtual reference program are outlined, including training, guidelines, competencies and evaluating performance. Behavioral standards for chat and other digital reference services are presented.
Lecture presented by Roselle S. Maestro at PAARL's Summer Conference on the theme "Library Analytics: Data-driven Library Management", held at Pearl Hotel, Manila on 20-22 April 2016
This document discusses the role of librarians in embracing research culture and scholarly communication in the digital age. It addresses how librarians can facilitate knowledge sharing among scholars through technological advances and cyberinfrastructure. The document also highlights trends in digital libraries and cyber scholarship, with librarians taking on roles as digital curators and data professionals to help manage the increasing amount of digital research data and resources.
This document discusses the similarities between taste and social media. It notes that both taste and social media experiences should be sensuous. Additionally, it states that taste and social media are both contextual and subject to changing trends. However, certain tastes and social media posts will always have broad appeal. The document suggests exploiting current trends while also learning to move on, and effectively using the parallels between taste and social media.
The document discusses the concept of blended librarianship, which combines traditional librarian skills with instructional design and technology skills. It defines blended librarianship and provides examples of how skills are blended, including collaborating with instructional designers and taking on leadership and teaching roles. The presentation also provides biographies of thought leaders Steven Bell and John Shank, who developed the concept of blended librarianship. Resources for continuing education in blended librarianship are listed.
Lecture presented by Marian Ramos Eclevia at PAARL Seminar- workshop with the theme "Managing Today’s Learning Commons: Re-Skilling Seminar for Information Professionals" held on September 20-22, 2016 at the Crown Legacy Hotel, Kisad Road, Baguio City.
Lecture presented by Rhea Rowena U. Apolinario at PAARL's Summer Conference on the theme "Library Analytics: Data-driven Library Management, held at Pearl Hotel, Manila on 20-22 April 2016
Lecture presented by Michelle A. Esteban at PAARL Seminar- workshop with the theme "Managing Today’s Learning Commons: Re-Skilling Seminar for Information Professionals" held on September 20-22, 2016 at the Crown Legacy Hotel, Kisad Road, Baguio City.
Lecture presented by Nap Apolinario at PAARL Seminar- workshop with the theme "Managing Today’s Learning Commons: Re-Skilling Seminar for Information Professionals" held on September 20-22, 2016 at the Crown Legacy Hotel, Kisad Road, Baguio City.
The document discusses challenges facing libraries now and in the future according to several librarians from different countries. Some challenges mentioned include keeping up with the large amount of information available online and through new technologies, developing digital skills to support digital scholarship, overcoming public misconceptions that libraries are just warehouses of books rather than learning institutions, and balancing user needs with preconceived roles of librarians as contexts change constantly. One librarian also notes the challenge of the perception that being a librarian is not a real profession.
Collection Directions - Research collections in the network environmentConstance Malpas
1. The document discusses trends in research collections in the networked environment and directions for collections.
2. Key trends include collections as a service across a spectrum from owned to borrowed, workflow becoming the new content as researchers organize around different systems and services, and a shift from curation to creation as libraries take on new roles in research lifecycles.
3. Collection directions involve right-scaling stewardship through shared print collections and partnerships for coordination, and positioning libraries as experts that support the full research process.
Library collection managers face significant changes in managing digital collections. Traditional activities like selection, acquisition, and storage now apply to digital resources that are vast in scope and amount. Collections have evolved from physical holdings to include digital content, scholarly workflows, and unique institutionally generated materials. Managing digital collections requires new strategies like emphasizing access over ownership, supporting discovery through workflows, and developing inside-out collections that are tailored to institutional needs rather than relying solely on outside content. Space constraints also encourage libraries to develop shared print collections and host traveling exhibits, performances, and collaborations that activate underused spaces.
This document discusses resource sharing and networking among libraries. It notes that no single library can satisfy all user needs, leading to the concept of library cooperation through activities like interlibrary loans. The advent of information and communication technologies has created new opportunities for greater cooperation through library consortia. Resource sharing involves reciprocity where members contribute and share resources, knowledge, data, facilities and information. Factors that help and hinder effective resource sharing are discussed.
Collections unbound: collection directions and the RLUK collective collectionlisld
A presentation given to RLUK Members' meeting at the University of Warwick.
The library identity has been closely bound with its collection. However this is changing as research and learning behaviours evolve in a network environment. There are three interesting trends. First, atttention is shifting from a library-centric view of a locally owned collection to a user-centred view of a facilitated collection in places where the library can add value. Second, there is growing emphasis on support for creation, for the process of research, as well as for the products, the article or book. And third, we are seeing a changing perspective on the historic core, the print book collection. Increasingly, this is being seen in collective ways as institutions manage down print, or think about its management in cooperative settings, or retire collections as space is reconfigured around research and learning experiences. This presentation also provides preliminary findings for the analysis being carried out by OCLC Research of the RLUK collective collection.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to media and technology management in libraries. It begins by defining various types of media and discussing the role of technology. It then discusses collection management, which involves identifying, selecting, acquiring, and evaluating resources. A collection development policy is described as an important planning tool that clarifies selection criteria and responsibilities. The functions of media and technology in libraries are also summarized, including using them for information, instruction, administration, collaboration and communication. Responding to challenges of library materials is also highlighted as an important element of management.
The document discusses how libraries are struggling with relevance in the digital age and how their design, services, and branding are changing as a result. It provides background on library construction trends between 1995-2008 and discusses how capital and operating costs are significant factors in library design and services. The document advocates that libraries establish relevance by creating a unified community vision, redefining roles and services both physically and digitally, effective branding, and smart technology integration. It also discusses challenges like balancing user needs with funding requirements and negotiating partnerships between different stakeholders. Overall, the document examines how libraries are adapting spaces, services, and branding to remain relevant institutions in a technology-driven world.
This document discusses the benefits of collective print collections among college libraries. It notes that Occidental College has reduced its print collections and expanded partnerships to share resources. Collective print collections increase preservation capacity, free up library space, reduce duplication, and encourage greater access through digitization. Regional and national models are emerging for collectively housing and archiving print journals and other materials. The document assumes these efforts will succeed based on factors like improved borrowing networks, technology advancements, and incentives around funding and resources. It acknowledges emotional aspects of reducing local print collections and encourages staying informed on developments through various listservs, conferences, and publications.
This document discusses perspectives on digital libraries from different communities, including computer science, engineering, and libraries. It notes that digital libraries address problems of dealing with and using human knowledge in digital and networked formats, including how to create, organize, store, and provide access to various digital materials. While there are many perspectives, the major conceptualizations focus on distributed digital objects and access, or on institutions and collections. The document outlines opportunities and challenges for libraries in developing digital collections and services.
Getting Started with Institutional Repositories and Open AccessAbby Clobridge
This document provides an overview and agenda for a conference on institutional repositories and open access. It discusses the history and purpose of institutional repositories and open access, including key definitions, events, and documents. It outlines the typical content in repositories and different repository systems. It also addresses stakeholders, challenges, and guiding principles for developing repository programs.
This document discusses challenges facing monograph publishing and collecting in libraries. It notes that the market for monographs is shrinking as library budgets have not kept pace with growing information outputs. Individual monographs are discretionary purchases, so sales are declining and prices are increasing. It explores alternatives to the traditional "just in case" model of collecting all monographs, such as "just in time" access and collective ownership through shared storage facilities. Potential solutions discussed include new publishing models that reduce costs and risks, and increasing open access to disseminate research more widely. A national monograph strategy is being developed in the UK to address these issues through a shared infrastructure and new applications and business models.
Leading the library of the future: w(h)ither technical services?Keith Webster
The document discusses the changing role of technical services in libraries. It notes that technical services used to consume a large portion of library resources to acquire, catalog, and process physical materials, but that role is now obsolete with digital formats and universal access. The advent of electronic publishing and new discovery tools have made the traditional organizational structure focused on technical services unnecessary. This change has led to a dramatic improvement in library services over the past decade as libraries shift resources from technical processing to more direct user services.
Leading the library of the future: w(h)ither technical services?Keith Webster
The document discusses the changing role of technical services in libraries. It notes that technical services used to consume a large portion of library resources to acquire, catalog, and process physical materials, but that role is now obsolete with digital content. The advent of universal records and access has led libraries to reorganize and improve services. It discusses current trends like open access, open science, and researchers' workflows that are reshaping libraries and scholars' needs. It argues that technical services librarians should adapt by partnering with other organizations and focusing on initiatives like metadata, discovery tools, and responding to changing demand patterns.
The document discusses collection development for print materials in libraries, outlining selection policies, tools, and principles for print collections. It also examines some of the key processes involved in collection development like acquisition, processing, maintenance, and evaluation. Some common challenges of developing print collections are discussed, such as financial and space constraints, lack of staff expertise, and difficulties selecting and procuring appropriate materials.
This document summarizes a presentation on improving access to cultural heritage through digitization projects. It discusses two specific projects: Europeana Regia, which created a digital library of 1,298 royal manuscripts from Medieval and Renaissance Europe; and Europeana Newspapers, which has digitized over 18 million newspaper pages. Both projects worked to aggregate content and metadata from various institutions to make the collections accessible through Europeana and other portals. The document outlines the digitization, aggregation, and user needs considerations of the projects. It also discusses sustainability through best practices, networking among institutions, and reusing digitized content. The overall goal is to integrate digitization into cultural heritage institutions and use authority data to create "islands of meaning" accessible
Collection Management and GreenGlass at UCD LibraryUCD Library
Presentation given by UCD Library's Collections Support Librarian Catherine Ryan at 'Collection Management: Sharing Experiences' Joint Seminar organised by CONUL Collections and CONUL Training and Development, 24th October, 2018 at the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.
The document discusses many exciting opportunities for public libraries today, including expanding their collections beyond books to include lendable items like tools, musical instruments, and technology. It also discusses opportunities like providing more programming and spaces for creation, collaboration, and community building. The library system can help its member libraries explore these opportunities by connecting libraries to each other and their communities, sharing resources and best practices, and providing training and support.
Mike Mertens, Deputy Executive Director and Data Services Manager, RLUKThe European Library
RLUK became members of The European Library to extend their work on discovery and access from a national to an international context. This would ensure their members' collections are better known through new modes of discovery and linked open data. It provides an additional service to members at no extra cost, broadens the audience of collections beyond higher education, and increases public benefit. Membership offers opportunities for new partnerships, lobbying, and sharing best practices with European libraries through closer collaboration.
Opening Keynote: From where we are to where we want to be: The future of resource discovery from a UK perspective
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Collection management in a digital age ola2011 revisedTony Horava
This document summarizes a presentation on collection management in the digital age. It discusses how the definition and understanding of a "collection" has changed, with factors like ownership, tangibility, and comprehensiveness no longer applying in the same way. It outlines challenges like unsustainable budget models, information fragility, and the need for cancellations. Strategies suggested to address these "crouching tigers" include rethinking budget allocation models and ensuring long-term digital preservation and access to collections.
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The document summarizes the proceedings of the 43rd General Assembly of the Philippine Association of Academic/Research Librarians, Inc. (PAARL). It provides welcoming remarks, messages from FEU administrators, an inspirational message from Dr. Maria Teresa Trinidad Tinio, and a summary of the President's annual report which highlights the Marina G. Dayrit Lecture Series and roster of PAARL members. The induction of new officers and awarding of ceremonies are also noted.
The document outlines the award and scholarship program of the Philippine Association of Academic and Research Librarians (PAARL) which aims to promote academic and research librarianship. It describes several awards including the Marina G. Dayrit Award for master's degree scholarships, Master's Thesis Fellowships, sponsorship awards to attend conferences, and awards for Academic Librarian of the Year, Outstanding Library of the Year, Outstanding Library Program of the Year, and Lifetime Achievement. Eligibility requirements and selection criteria are provided for each award.
The Philippine Association of Academic/Research Librarians (PAARL) will hold its 5th Marina G. Dayrit Lecture Series on November 29, 2016 at the National University in Manila. The lecture series aims to provide a platform for discussions among library professionals. This year's concluding lecture will highlight the top research papers accepted for publication in PAARL's 2016 research journal. Authors will present the results of their works which further the library and information science profession in the Philippines. Free registration is provided to PAARL members who have paid dues from 2013 to 2016, with advanced registration required due to limited space.
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There are 2 ways to travel to Taiwan as a tourist.
1. Visa-free entry - for passport holders with valid US, Canada, UK, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and/or Schengen visas, you can bypass the visa application process and get travel authorization certificate online for free, by filling out the form on the website, print the certificate and you are good to go. This will be valid for 90 days and good for 30 days of stay which will commence from the next day upon arrival in Taiwan.
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2. 1. gain a better understanding of the current trends in
collection development and management of print
resources;
2. become aware of the key issues, problems, and
challenges in acquiring and managing print
resources; and
3. recognize the strategies of developing hybrid
library collections
2
Objectives
3. “Libraries are changing. Funding limits and
customer demands are transforming staffing
levels, service models, access to resources,
and services to the public. Administrators
and taxpayers are seeking more efficient
ways of delivering services to achieve
greater returns on financial investments”. --
Michael E. Casey and Laura C. Savastinuk -- Library
Journal, 2006
33
Introduction
4. ∗“fast paced, driven by rapid changes in
information technology, profuse with
new digital resources, budget
constraints, changes in teaching
practices and learner policies and
priorities” (Horava, 2009).
4
Libraries of today
5. ∗ Demonstrating value and its significant place
in the organization
∗ Defining library services
∗ Reconfiguring library spaces
∗ Preparing for the future
5
The library’s mission
6. ∗ Resources and services that contribute to
students success
∗ Evidences to measure success, impact and value
∗ Redefining and understanding the meaning of
“library use” and communicating the ways in
which library resources and services contribute
to the institutions’ outcomes
6
Demonstrating value
7. ∗ Direction and rescue users from information
overload
∗ Link – user community to library catalogs,
databases, e-book collections, select internet
resources, e-course reserves, tutorials and to forums
for communication and interaction
∗ Access to networked resources and services–
anytime, anywhere!
7
The library that provides…
9. ∗ The tasks, functions, and responsibilities now understood to
be the portfolio of collection development librarians include
selection of materials in all formats, collection policies,
collection maintenance (selection for weeding and storage,
preservation, and serials cancellations), budget and finance,
assessment of needs of users and potential users, liaison and
outreach activities related to the collection and its users,
collection use studies, collection assessment and evaluation,
and planning for cooperation and resource sharing
9
Collection development (Johnson, 2008)
10. ∗ Electronic information access system that offers the user a
coherent view of an organized, selected, and managed body
of information – (Lynch,1995)
∗ Organizations that provide the resources, including the
specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual
access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and
ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital
works so that they are readily and economically available for
use by a defined community or set of communities – (Digital
Library Federation, 1998)
10
Digital libraries
11. ∗ mix of traditional print material, as well as
electronic based material
∗ Evolved when electronic resources became
more easily available for libraries to acquire
for public use
∗ With staff trained in electronic media as
well as the traditional print forms
11
Hybrid Libraries
12. ∗ Physical browsing/ “touch and feel” a real
book
∗ Getting immediate help from a “real” person
∗ an ideal place to study
∗ Provides a communal space for learning
∗ Getting more detailed information from
traditional sources (e.g. books)
∗ Access to archival and older sources of
information
12
Perceived advantages of traditional
libraries
13. ∗ Sum total of library materials :
∗ Books
∗ Manuscripts
∗ serials
∗ government publications,
∗ thesis and dissertations
∗ patents, standards and specifications
∗ CD-ROMS
∗ Electronic resources “e”13
“library collection”
14. ∗ Retention of retrospective copies of print
greater than fifteen years of age may not be
necessary in most libraries
∗ preference to maintain print copies of titles
may be motivated by reasons outside of
actual usage or patrons needs
∗ Consideration of remote or off site storage
14
trends in collection development and
management of print resources
16. The ubiquity and proliferation of
electronic resources in libraries
has created a significant impact
on the use of traditional and print
resources r
16
18. ∗ Clearly, there is a tremendous economic and user-
driven push to access the library's collections
electronically
∗ The Library is no longer just a repository for print
collections and a quiet place to study, but a center for
learning, communication, and interaction.
∗ The shift from maintaining large and costly print
collection towards the concept of access (instead of
ownership) 18
Print vs. Digital
19. ∗ Access (remote, 24/7, quick and wider)
∗ Availability – no worries about a source
being loaned out
∗ Multiple use for single sources
∗ Search capability
∗ LINKS to additional information
19
Perceived advantages of digital libraries
22. Some questions to ask to help in the evaluation of
works of fiction:
∗ Is it true to life?
∗ Has it vitality and consistency in character
depiction?
∗ Is the plot original?
∗ Is dramatic interest sustained?
∗ Does it stimulate?
22
Selection of Fiction
24. A publication in any medium, defined in AACR2 2002
as issued over time with no predetermined conclusion,
including bibliographic resources issued successively
in discrete parts and integrating resources into which
updates are incorporated without remaining discrete.
Examples include serials (periodicals, newspapers,
etc.), monographic series, and updating loose leaf
services, online databases, and websites. (Reitz, Online
Dictionary for Library and Information Science)
24
Continuing resources
25. “A publication issued in successive parts,
usually in regular intervals, and as rule,
intended to be continued indefinitely,
include periodicals, annuals (reports,
yearbooks, etc.) and memoirs,
proceedings, and transactions of societies.”
(ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science)
25
SERIALS
26. “a periodical publication especially dealing
with matters of current interest- often
used for official or semi-official
publications of special groups”
26
Journal
27. a periodical that usually contains a
miscellaneous collection of articles,
stories, poems, and pictures and is
directed at the general reading public
27
Magazine
28. Selection Criteria for Serials
28
∗ Purpose, scope
and audience
∗ Accuracy
∗ Local interest
∗ Format issues
∗ Indexing cost
∗ Demand
∗ Availability
29. ∗supplementary materials that can provide
up-to-date information
∗evaluated as other printed materials are
and most of the selection criteria for
books are equally applicable
29
Pamphlets
30. ∗ a generic term for both microfilms and
microfiche
∗ a format not liked much by so many people
∗ the format that libraries resort to
∗ a good format for materials that are seldom
used
∗ also good alternative format for rare and
archival materials. 30
Microform
33. ∗Budget allocation
∗Durability
∗Audio Visual quality
∗Ease of repair
∗Type of equipment required
∗AV technology that is long-lasting
33
Multi-Media
Main Points for Consideration
35. ∗ Films - Comes in variety of sizes: the 7,
Super 8, 16mm and 35 mm; the 70mm is
the format used in theatrical releases and
is also the format collected by film
archives
∗ Video recordings -Videos are extremely
popular with library patrons.
35
MOVING PICTURES
36. ∗include maps, photographs and
globes
∗Problems: little bibliographic
control and making decisions as
to whether circulate OR be used
only within the premises of the
library 36
Graphic Materials
37. ∗ Cassettes, DVDs, CDs
∗ Books on tape or “talking books”
∗ Points to consider:
- How will your audio collection support your library's
goals
- Will your audio collection focus on all or only certain
genres?
- Will you collect complete works or abridged versions?
Does abridging the work affect the story?
- How well does the reader project his/her voice?
- How durable is the product?
- What is the overall quality of the recording?37
Audio Recordings
40. ∗ “who needs print when everything is in the net?”
∗ Need to expand the means of managing collections
∗ Evolving patterns in scholarly communication
∗ Dealing with grey literature
∗ Collection evaluation and performance assessment
∗ Weeding, de-selection and obsolescence
40
Challenges to traditional or print
41. ∗ Completeness – ALL the pages, images, content,
figures, tables, reviews, letters, notes, etc.
∗ Timeliness – should appear online the SAME
TIME as the print, if not earlier
∗ Reliability – ensured access, quick server
response, stable URL, back-up server
41
Criteria for replacing print with “e”
42. ∗Site license must include provisions for the
permanent library retention of the
purchased content during the license
period
∗Adherence to the legal provisions for long-
term access
∗Sustainable access provisions
42
Criteria for replacing print with “e”
43. ∗ Shift of information distribution patterns
43
WHY paper?
PRINT COPY DISTRIBUTE
VIEW
44. ∗ Constant review of renewals to monitor costs
∗ Monitor circulation metrics to determine actual usage
∗ Consider for discard old or superseded materials,
particularly those that are easily accessible and available
from other libraries
∗ Always keep a detailed budget report to assist in the
conduct of reviews
∗ Recommend cost-effective alternatives that should help in
determining what materials to keep and maintain
44
Considerations in maintaining print
46. ∗ When books are the primary sources
∗ When there is an immediate need for help from a
librarian
∗ When there is a need to browse a collection
∗ When there is a need for a quiet space
∗ When online is too exorbitant and totally
unaffordable
∗ When reading something for the sheer pleasure of it.
46
When is “traditional” or print is more
preferable?
47. ∗ Users desire a hybrid information environment in
which online information does not necessarily replace
or make obsolete information in print but adds new
access opportunities
∗ Print and digital have their unique advantages and
limitations
∗ Each plays a different role and serves the needs of
users in different ways
47
Print and Digital
49. Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
BOARD FOR LIBRARIANS
Resolution No. _06_
Series of 2006
CODE OF ETHICS FOR LIBRARIANS
49
50. ∗ WHEREAS, Sec. 8 (h), Article II of R.A. No. 9246,
known as the “Philippine Librarianship Act of 2003,”
and Sec. 8 (h), Rule II of Res. No. 05, Series of 2004,
known as the “IRR of the Philippine Librarianship Act
of 2003”, empower the Board to adopt and prescribe
a Code of Ethics for Librarians;
50
Code of Ethics
51. Librarians, mindful of their role in the
development of knowledge and culture and
the enrichment of people’s lives, seek the
highest standards of ethical behavior in their
relations with their schools, their
clients/employers, the librarianship profession
and colleagues, agencies and associations and
the public.
51
Preamble
52. 1. Librarians with the State, Society and Public
2. Librarians with Librarianship Profession
3. Librarians with the Suppliers,
Publishers, Dealers, etc.
4. Librarians with the Clients and/or other Users of
their Professional Services
52
Relations…
53. 1. Librarians shall choose suppliers and
publishers exclusively on the basis of the
quality of goods, costs, and services.
2. Librarians shall refuse all personal
gratuities.
3. Librarians shall never enter into business
transactions prejudicial to the library, but
unwisely favorable to their own interest.
53
Librarians with the Suppliers,
Publishers, Dealers, etc.
54. ∗ Developed by the ALCTS (Association for Library
Collections and Technical Services)
∗ Acquisitions Section Ethics Task Force; endorsed by
the ALCTS Acquisitions Section and adopted by the
ALCTS Board of Directors, Midwinter Meeting,
February 7, 1994.
54
Statement on Principles and Standards
of Acquisitions Practice
55. ∗ gives first consideration to the objectives and
policies of his or her institution;
∗ strives to obtain the maximum ultimate value of
each dollar of expenditure;
∗ grants all competing vendors equal consideration
insofar as the established policies of his or her
library permit, and regards each transaction on its
own merits;
55
In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:
56. ∗subscribes to and works for honesty,
truth, and fairness in buying and selling,
and denounces all forms and
manifestations of bribery;
∗declines personal gifts and gratuities;
∗uses only by consent original ideas and
designs devised by one vendor for
competitive purchasing purposes;56
In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:
57. ∗ accords a prompt and courteous reception insofar
as conditions permit to all who call on legitimate
business missions;
∗ fosters and promotes fair, ethical, and legal trade
practices;
∗ avoids sharp practice;
∗ strives consistently for knowledge of the publishing
and bookselling industry;
57
In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:
58. ∗ strives consistently for knowledge of the
publishing and bookselling industry;
∗ strives to establish practical and efficient
methods for the conduct of his/her office;
∗ counsels and assists fellow acquisitions
librarians in the performance of their duties,
whenever occasion permits.
58
In all acquisitions transactions, a librarian:
59. ∗ A Registered Librarian who is found guilty for
violation of any provision in this Code by the
Board after his/her investigation shall be
subject to a disciplinary action of either
revocation of his/her Certificate of Registration
or suspension thereof which the Board shall
impose thereto after his/her due investigation.
59
Disciplinary action
61. 61
References:
Ameen, K., & Haider, S. J. (2007). Evolving paradigm and challenges of collection management
(CM) in university libraries of pakistan. Collection Building, 26(2), 54-58.
Atkinson, R. (2006). Six Key Challenges for the Future of Collection Development. Library
Resources & Technical Services, 50(4), 244-251.
Bullis, D. R., & Smith, L. (2011). Looking Back, Moving Forward in the Digital Age: A Review of the
Collection Management and Development Literature, 2004-8. Library Resources & Technical
Services, 55(4), 205-220.
Casey, M. E., & Savastinuk, L. C. (2006). LIBRARY 2.0. (Cover story).Library Journal, 131(14), 40-42.
Horava, Tony. Challenges and Possibilities for Collection Management in a Digital Age. Library
Resources & Technical Services54.3 (Jul 2010): 142-152.
Johnson, Peggy (2004). Fundamentals of Collection Development & Management. Chicago: ALA
Liu, Z., & Stork, D. C. (2000). IS PAPERLESS REALLY MORE?. Communications Of The ACM, 43(11),
94-97.
Malpas, C. (2011). Cloud-sourcing research collections: managing print in the Mass-digitized library
environment. Dublin, Ohio : OCLC Research.
Montgomery, C., & Sparks, J. L. (2000). THE TRANSITION TO AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL
COLLECTION: MANAGING THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES. Serials Review, 26(3), 4.
Wu, M. M. (2005). Why Print and Electronic Resources Are Essential to the Academic Law Library.
Law Library Journal, 97(2), 233-256.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=J-oA4sZ9nNQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asYUI0l6EtE
If history has anything to teach us, it is not to fear the future. No other public service profession has been as quick to adapt to technological change. Imagine a Rip Van Winkle librarian falling asleep in 1969 and waking up today. He would be amazed at how much more powerful catalogers and reference librarians are with computer keyboards at their fingertips and awestruck at how quickly a patron in Nome can get a book from almost anywhere. After hunting in vain for the card catalog, he would be completely blown away by the keyword searching capability of the OPAG and scratch his head at DVDs, audio playaways, and videogames, but be warmly reassured by shelves of books and children's librarians wielding puppets and playing with felt boards. Most of all, he would be overwhelmed by the crowd of patrons using the library for a hundred different purposes.
But change as a law of nature is very apparent in the present library environment. Rapid technological developments affect almost every activity in the library. This was made more apparent by the discussions and arguments about a “paperless society” as it took a considerable amount of space in a number of publications. Clearly, this is the path taken by many libraries when they began allocating separate funds for developing non-print and electronic collections. Sandler, in 2009 shared this perspective about libraries: “ Libraries are not about books, they were, are, and will be about facilitating, communication across space and time. Books have been a way to do that historically, but today there are other, often better, ways to accomplish this. Libraries need to become facile at supporting all sorts of media, and they must continue to embrace the new, or face the consequences of losing relevance to the mainstream culture.” Overtime, libraries have evolved in the context of their institutional roles, financial resources and format inclusions. In terms of collection, Gorman in 2010 gave a discerning summary on the evolving nature of library collection: “ The definition of a library collection has expanded over the last 25 years to comprise at least four levels: locally owned physical documents, physical documents owned by other libraries but available through ILL; purchased or subscribed to electronic documents and “free” electronic documents.” These levels present several major developments in the library, i.e. establishment of resource-sharing networks, interlibrary systems, union catalogs, the exponential rise on the use of digital and online materials for education and scholarship and the growing popularity of open access.
A digital library can link e-learners to library catalogues, licensed journal databases, electronic book collections, selected internet resources, electronic course reserves, and tutorials, and to forums for communication and interaction with others. Digital library permits e-learners to access library and networked resources and services anytime and anywhere that an Internet connection and computing equipment are available. support the range of goals that are already alive in the classroom, rather than simply modify information. How can digital libraries and their use open up an e-learner’s inquiries, rather than bring them to closure? How might they enhance an e-learner’s critical thinking, rather than dulling it? How might they assist in teaching e-learners search processes, rather than mystifying or suppressing this instruction? Without asking the real value of using digital libraries or any educational technologies, educators risk failing to see their transformative potentials, and at worst, they risk importing a contrary set of values that are embedded in such systems from their histories in other locations. For digital libraries, such an implicit value could be summarized as “complete information access leads to better education”, just as it may lead to better academic research and work. However, the many educators and librarians who have stacked unused textbooks and shrink-wrapped software packets in the corners of their rooms know that access is only a beginning. E-learners’ use of different technologies, whether they are traditional materials or digital resources available via the internet, will be informed by and in turn will help construct the kinds of values that retain significance in education. As long as the educator and the assignment follow the status quo, any related source of information is likely to be a smart choice by e-learners according to their assessment of what to do for Digital libraries and e-learning
In the e-learning environment, digital libraries are considered as a federation of library services and collections that function together to create a digital learning community. The range of supported materials includes curricula and courseware materials, lectures, lesson plans, computer programs, modelling and simulation, intelligent tutoring systems, access to remote scientific instruments, project based learning, tools, results of educational research, scientific research reported both formally in journals or informally in websites, raw data for student activities, and multimedia image banks.
Hybrid libraries are mixes of traditional print material such as books and magazines, as well as electronic based material such as downloadable audio books, electronic journals, e-books, etc. Hybrid libraries are the new norm in most public and academic libraries. [ citation needed ] It seems that the term "hybrid library" was first coined in 1998 by Chris Rusbridge in an article for D-Lib Magazine . [1] Hybrid libraries evolved in the 1990s when electronic resources became more easily available for libraries to acquire for public use. [ citation needed ] Initially these electronic resources were typically access to material distributed on media such as CD-ROM or searches of specialised databases. OCLC helped push libraries towards acquiring digital resources by providing a centralized technology resource for participating libraries. Now, with the widespread availability of digital content, it includes Internet resources and documents which are online, such as eprints. Hybrid libraries are the new norm for many archivists as well. Digitization has changed the way archivists have gone about preserving historical items. Archivists are now using digital technology to preserve items that were once only preserved by things like microfiche. Archivists now use things like digital imaging which make it possible for researchers to see historical items online. The emergence of the hybrid library has put a new emphasis on copyright issues for many libraries. The complicated and changing copyright laws in both the United States and the European Union have made it a challenge for many libraries to make sure their patrons are using the digital items lawfully. Hybrid libraries need staff that are trained in helping patrons navigate the vast amount of information available in the digital age. Librarians working in hybrid libraries have training in electronic media as well as the traditional print forms.
Current practices present diverse viewpoints in describing advantages and disadvantages, accessibility and ease of doing search, budget issues, intellectual property rights and copyright, selection criteria, archiving and preservation and electronic resource management (ERM).
Fundamentals of Collection Development and Management authored by Peggy Johnson and published in 2009 and Collection Development Issues in the Online Environment, edited by Di Su of the City University of New York and published in 2007 provided thorough discussions on how to manage and survive the dilemma that is electronic resource. These are just two of the vast number of publications dealing mostly with the management issues of having electronic resources in the library. Digital resource and the Internet contributed a vast amount of sources for research and are being made available in electronic format. The co-existence of both print and electronic still characterizes many libraries. Continuing subscription to either formats provide the lifeline to sustain scholarly communication and research. Paperless library remains a topic for debate and dealing with electronic materials is a persistent issue among all types of libraries.
General criteria to consider when you are involved in making selection decisions include: Subject matter What subjects do you need to collect in to build up your collection? How suitable is the subject, style, and reading level of an item for your user community? How accurate is the information? Construction quality Is the item well made and durable? For books and periodicals, does the item have good print quality? Is the paper of appropriate quality? For audio-visuals, will the item stand up to multiple use? Potential use What will the demand for the material be? What level of use justifies its acquisition? How relevant is the item to the community? Relation to the collection How will the item strengthen the library's collection? (Will it fill a gap, complement something that's already there, or provide an alternative opinion to what is already covered?) Are the materials available elsewhere in the community? Is there fair coverage of opposing viewpoints? Bibliographic considerations What is the reputation of the publisher? Is the type of publication and the format appropriate for your library? What is the reputation and/or significance of the author? What do the book reviews say about the item? Cost All libraries have limited budgets and have to make very careful decisions about how to allocate these funds during the selection process. One approach to the selection process is to rank the materials desired for selection. More expensive items that are ranked highly might still be purchased, but then the library would probably be unable to purchase as many items. These decisions can be difficult to make, but prioritizing patron needs is always a good way to start.
Purpose, Scope and Audience. What is the purpose of the periodical, what does the periodical actually include, and who is the intended audience? This can be determined by examining the table of contents, the range of writers, authors, and editors, and the vocabulary used in the articles. Accuracy. How accurate is the material in the periodical? It should be factually correct and relatively objective. This can be determined by evaluating the writers, the publisher, and the subject matter. For more technical periodicals, an expert opinion is a good idea. Local Interest. Does the title have some interest to the local community? Format Issues. What is the quality of the printing and the paper? Are illustrations of good quality? Do there seem to be more ads than text? Indexing. Is the title indexed in a service to which the library subscribes? Cost. How much does the subscription cost? Will back issues be needed? If so, how much will it cost to bind them or obtain them on microform? Demand. Will a title be used enough to justify subscription? Availability. Is the title readily available through interlibrary loan or from a library with which you have a resource sharing agreement?
a generic term that includes microfilms and microfiche a format not liked much by so many people because of the perception that it is very difficult to use the format that libraries resort to so that they can save storage space a good format for materials that are seldom used also good alternative format for rare and archival materials.
16 mm or 35 mm film to motion picture standard is used, usually unperforated. Roll microfilm is stored on open reels or put into cassettes. The standard length for using roll film is 30.48 m (100 ft). One roll of 35 mm film may carry 600 images of large engineering drawings or 800 images of broadsheet newspaper pages. 16 mm film may carry 2,400 images of letter sized images as a single stream of micro images along the film set so that lines of text are parallel to the sides of the film or 10,000 small documents, perhaps cheques or betting slips, with both sides of the originals set side by side on the film.
The amount of your budget that is allocated for audiovisual materials The durability of the item The visual and audio quality of the item The ease of repairing the item if it is damaged and the procedures for handling damage caused by patrons. The ease of repairing the item when it is damaged Type of equipment required The likelihood that the audiovisual technology is long-lasting
Still pictures Filmstrips usually 16mm or 35mm; a series of single-frame still photographs on a strip of film a somewhat dated format more commonly still in existence in some children’s section of public libraries come in either sound or silent format Slides photographic slides typical of the family collection of 35mm slides mountings can be of paper, plastic, metal or glass most commonly found in special libraries with scientific, medical and art museum work collections Transparencies overhead transparencies: text or diagrams on cellophane sheets that are projected with a magnified light designed to aid in the presentation of graphic materials to small and medium-sized groups publishers often include these based on or using illustrations from their books Flat pictures include paintings, posters, postcards, photographs and other pictorial materials school libraries often include pictures from magazines and other sources museums and college libraries often have extensive collection of posters usually housed in special collections little bibliographic control scanning technologies provides control and order
Points to consider: Scale Type of projection The information represented The amount of detail and its accuracy The use of color and symbols Use and placement of nomenclature
Audio-recordings have been a very important commodity for library collections throughout most of this century and include musical productions, books on tape, and language learning, as well as lectures, instructions, and inspirational messages. They are distributed in various formats, although the most common today are cassette tapes and compact discs (CDs). While not yet widespread in many libraries, VCD and DVD technology is starting to become more prevalent and maybe important for audiovisual collections in the future. Some of the most popular audio materials in libraries are spoken books-on-tape or "talking books." These may also be available in CD format. Also useful are language learning cassette tapes. If your community includes many bilingual or multi-lingual people, you may consider acquiring language cassette tapes that facilitate language learning in English, Spanish, and other languages of local interest.
Printed Music Music sheets and scores (full size or miniature) Problem of sourcing and bibliographic control Models, realias and dioramas Cost and storage are some of the limiting factors in including these formats in the collection Some questions to consider: Are objects less than life size reproduced in an appropriate scale? Is the scale sufficient to illustrate the necessary details? When horizontal and vertical scales must be different, is the distortion so great as to create a false impression? Are the colors accurate? Are the objects durable enough to withstand the type of handling they will receive? Games Some public libraries would include games and toys to attract new users, children especially Games used for simulated teaching
Digital libraries offer a wide range of new access opportunities that are absent in the traditional environment. However, the desire for physical browsing, the need for immediate help from a “real person” and the desire for communal space for learning-make a case for the importance of the traditional service environment.