Kennedy ex ist baleap apr 2013 with notesEllieKennedy
This document summarizes Dr. Ellie Kennedy's presentation at the BALEAP conference about a project called Excellence in International Student Teaching (ExIST) at Nottingham Trent International College. The project aimed to help subject tutors improve their teaching strategies to better accommodate international students' learning needs. Workshops brought together EAP and subject tutors to share skills. They applied a framework called FLUTE to lesson planning that includes steps like focusing, understanding content, and engaging students. Subject tutors reported increased awareness of international student needs and ability to adapt teaching as a result. The project was successful in developing resources and cross-curricular collaboration to benefit international students.
This document discusses selecting a research topic and provides sources and areas to consider. It lists some basic questions to ask like whether the problem is significant, researchable, interesting, new, and clear. Sources of research problems include issues in the classroom, technology changes, academic experiences, and readings. Specific problem areas are then outlined covering topics like programmed instruction, television instruction, evaluations, field trips, facilities, programs, and more. Finally, it lists types of research like descriptive methods involving surveys and comparisons, as well as experimental methods like true experiments and action research.
Research in Distance Education: impact on practice conference, 27 October 2010. Presentation in Design for Learning Strand by Dr Anita Pincas, Institute of Education and Dr Anthony ‘Skip’ Basiel, Middlesex University.
More details at www.cde.london.ac.uk.
Engaging Teacher Candidates in a Collaborative Relationship to Enhance Teachi...Nicole Rigelman
This document summarizes a presentation about a collaborative model used between teacher candidates, mentor teachers, and university faculty. The model features triads of two teacher candidates placed with one cooperating teacher. This forms a professional learning community. Candidates have a main placement for a full year in one classroom and also do guest teaching in another classroom. Supervision includes expectations and feedback from the mentor teacher, site supervisor, and university supervisor. The model aims to support student learning through assignments connecting coursework to fieldwork, collaborative analysis of student work, and modified lesson study cycles. Benefits identified include consecutive field days supporting co-teaching and relationships built through early experience. Areas for improvement include better communicating assignment goals and viewing collaboration as co-
This document discusses the challenges of obtaining meaningful student feedback and evaluations beyond formal surveys. The author, an English lecturer, implemented Peer Evaluation and Peer Assessment Activities (PEPA) to get deeper feedback from students on their learning experience. Through a "Review Collage" activity, students provided written reflections on course activities. This gave insights into improving vocabulary instruction, assessment clarity, and discussion board participation. Gathering informal feedback through PEPA benefited both students and teachers by facilitating dialogue and improvements to the classroom experience.
This document provides information about the Foundation in Natural and Built Environments module offered at Taylor's University. The 5-credit, 18-week module aims to expose students to natural and built environments and establish a symbiotic relationship between the two. Students will learn observational, data compilation, and presentation skills. Modes of delivery include lectures, tutorials, and self-directed study. Assessment includes class participation, assignments, and a final presentation. The module focuses on developing students' critical thinking, problem solving, communication and digital literacy skills.
The document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) in engineering education. It describes the origins of PBL in medical education at universities like McMaster in the late 1960s. It then discusses how PBL was adapted for engineering education, particularly through the Aalborg model in Denmark. Key aspects of PBL discussed include using real-world problems to stimulate self-directed learning, teachers acting as facilitators rather than lecturers, interdisciplinary learning, and emphasis on developing problem-solving skills. Research is cited showing benefits of PBL for skills development, deep learning, and motivation of students. Factors in successful implementation and management of change to PBL are also examined.
Kennedy ex ist baleap apr 2013 with notesEllieKennedy
This document summarizes Dr. Ellie Kennedy's presentation at the BALEAP conference about a project called Excellence in International Student Teaching (ExIST) at Nottingham Trent International College. The project aimed to help subject tutors improve their teaching strategies to better accommodate international students' learning needs. Workshops brought together EAP and subject tutors to share skills. They applied a framework called FLUTE to lesson planning that includes steps like focusing, understanding content, and engaging students. Subject tutors reported increased awareness of international student needs and ability to adapt teaching as a result. The project was successful in developing resources and cross-curricular collaboration to benefit international students.
This document discusses selecting a research topic and provides sources and areas to consider. It lists some basic questions to ask like whether the problem is significant, researchable, interesting, new, and clear. Sources of research problems include issues in the classroom, technology changes, academic experiences, and readings. Specific problem areas are then outlined covering topics like programmed instruction, television instruction, evaluations, field trips, facilities, programs, and more. Finally, it lists types of research like descriptive methods involving surveys and comparisons, as well as experimental methods like true experiments and action research.
Research in Distance Education: impact on practice conference, 27 October 2010. Presentation in Design for Learning Strand by Dr Anita Pincas, Institute of Education and Dr Anthony ‘Skip’ Basiel, Middlesex University.
More details at www.cde.london.ac.uk.
Engaging Teacher Candidates in a Collaborative Relationship to Enhance Teachi...Nicole Rigelman
This document summarizes a presentation about a collaborative model used between teacher candidates, mentor teachers, and university faculty. The model features triads of two teacher candidates placed with one cooperating teacher. This forms a professional learning community. Candidates have a main placement for a full year in one classroom and also do guest teaching in another classroom. Supervision includes expectations and feedback from the mentor teacher, site supervisor, and university supervisor. The model aims to support student learning through assignments connecting coursework to fieldwork, collaborative analysis of student work, and modified lesson study cycles. Benefits identified include consecutive field days supporting co-teaching and relationships built through early experience. Areas for improvement include better communicating assignment goals and viewing collaboration as co-
This document discusses the challenges of obtaining meaningful student feedback and evaluations beyond formal surveys. The author, an English lecturer, implemented Peer Evaluation and Peer Assessment Activities (PEPA) to get deeper feedback from students on their learning experience. Through a "Review Collage" activity, students provided written reflections on course activities. This gave insights into improving vocabulary instruction, assessment clarity, and discussion board participation. Gathering informal feedback through PEPA benefited both students and teachers by facilitating dialogue and improvements to the classroom experience.
This document provides information about the Foundation in Natural and Built Environments module offered at Taylor's University. The 5-credit, 18-week module aims to expose students to natural and built environments and establish a symbiotic relationship between the two. Students will learn observational, data compilation, and presentation skills. Modes of delivery include lectures, tutorials, and self-directed study. Assessment includes class participation, assignments, and a final presentation. The module focuses on developing students' critical thinking, problem solving, communication and digital literacy skills.
The document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) in engineering education. It describes the origins of PBL in medical education at universities like McMaster in the late 1960s. It then discusses how PBL was adapted for engineering education, particularly through the Aalborg model in Denmark. Key aspects of PBL discussed include using real-world problems to stimulate self-directed learning, teachers acting as facilitators rather than lecturers, interdisciplinary learning, and emphasis on developing problem-solving skills. Research is cited showing benefits of PBL for skills development, deep learning, and motivation of students. Factors in successful implementation and management of change to PBL are also examined.
Technology Integration Through Teacher Training - Action Research ProposalMarc Stephens
1. The document describes a technology integration program for teachers at a suburban high school that received federal funding. It involved providing laptops, interactive whiteboards, classroom computers, and technology support staff.
2. A needs assessment found that many teachers did not fully integrate technology or use it in sophisticated ways. The goal was to have teachers meaningfully integrate technology to enhance learning.
3. The program used a three-pronged approach: the DETAILS framework to assess teachers' technology skills, the IMPACT model for technology training and support, and the NTeQ model for hands-on technology instruction integrated with subject matter. It involved summer training and ongoing weekly sessions throughout the year.
This document discusses using sensemaking as an alternative to traditional evaluations for developing a distance learning research methods module. Sensemaking focuses on understanding complex situations and student learning processes. The author proposes using a modified lesson study approach where tutors and students collaboratively plan learning packages, students complete the work and are interviewed, and insights are used to plan future work. Two student experiences are described that had different processes but both found the practical focus useful. Some reflections note the potential for sensemaking to provide rich narratives of learning, inform curriculum development in real-time, and give insights into student learning ecologies compared to more reductive evaluations.
This document discusses teacher professional development (PD) and strategies for effective PD. It notes that effective PD involves teachers in identifying their own learning needs, relates to their daily practice, is collaborative and hands-on, and is sustained over time with follow-up support. PD should focus on both content and pedagogy, relate to standards, and involve collective participation from teachers within a school. Key aspects of effective PD include active learning, application of ideas to the classroom, reflection on student outcomes, facilitator support, and focus on student learning. Professional learning communities and inquiry-based teaching and learning are also addressed.
After participating in a differentiated instruction professional development program, teachers were able to partially implement differentiated instruction strategies in their classrooms. The main concerns that arose were related to facilities, time and support constraints, as well as teachers' and students' existing attitudes and beliefs. Effective differentiated instruction requires viewing teaching as a cyclical process that incorporates ongoing assessment to meet students' varying needs. Long-term, school-wide support is needed to fully integrate differentiated instruction as a fundamental approach in secondary education.
This document provides an overview of the English 1 module offered at Taylor's University. The module is designed to prepare students for tertiary studies by developing their English language skills, with a focus on academic writing, reading, listening, and speaking. Key aspects of the module include instruction on writing 5-paragraph essays, developing analytical skills, practicing oral presentations, and interpreting non-linear texts. Students will be assessed through an essay, oral presentation, e-portfolio, and final exam. The module will be delivered over 18 weeks through lectures, tutorials, and self-directed study.
The document outlines a presentation about teaching methods and materials in English language teaching. It discusses different approaches to language teaching, how to select student-centered methods and materials, and how to implement appropriate methods and materials to expedite student learning. It also defines materials development and recommends participatory teaching methods that follow constructivist learning theory.
This document provides an overview of the English 1 module offered at Taylor's University. The module is designed to prepare students for tertiary studies by developing their English language skills, with a focus on academic writing, reading, listening, and speaking. Key aspects of the module include instruction on writing 5-paragraph essays, developing analytical skills, practicing oral presentations, and interpreting non-linear texts. Students will be assessed through an essay, oral presentation, e-portfolio, and final exam. The module aims to equip students with strong English proficiency skills for both pre-university and tertiary level studies.
Extension Studies is a flexible SACE subject that allows students to investigate an area of personal interest or passion. It involves developing a proposal, conducting independent research, and communicating findings through a final exhibition, evaluation, and discussion. Students work with a contact teacher and/or mentor during the process. Extension Studies requires skills like independent work, problem solving, and articulating ideas. The subject assessments focus on the learning process rather than content.
Innovation through continuing professional developmentPeter Beech
Engaging in the process of continuing professional development enables us to remain fresh, embrace innovation and become the best teachers that we can be. In this workshop, we introduce several specific and practical activities which we can adopt as part of our development. Some of these, like keeping a reflective journal, are individual activities but our main focus is on cooperative development.
Being observed and reflecting on feedback is the most immediate way for us to increase our awareness of how we teach, while observing colleagues gives us the opportunity to see different styles of teaching. We suggest guidelines for peer observation designed to promote the development of self-awareness for experienced as well as novice teachers. These focus on the use of observation as a tool to provide constructive and formative feedback rather than criticism or evaluation.
The input that we receive from observing and being observed can be used as the basis for classroom research, giving us ideas to try out in the classroom and leading to a cycle of experimentation and reflection. This is very useful source of innovation, as it comes from within our own classrooms and so is maximally relevant to the needs of our students.
The workshop also suggests a few other ideas for collaborative development, introducing innovation to maximize the effectiveness of our teaching. These include presentation and discussion of interesting journal articles, sharing ideas for innovation using new technologies, and collaborating together on small-scale classroom research projects.
This document discusses approaches to teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP). It identifies six key approaches: inductive learning, process syllabuses, learner autonomy, technology, authenticity, and team teaching. It also discusses the distinction between EAP (the objectives and content) and TEAP (how the objectives can best be taught and learned). TEAP involves designing instruction based on needs analysis and research, implementing instruction to achieve academic objectives effectively, and evaluating learner achievement. The importance of the "how" in EAP is discussed in terms of communicating effectively to help learners and addressing the needs of novice teachers in peripheral countries.
Lesson Study is a collaborative approach used in Japan where teachers work together to plan, teach, observe and evaluate lessons. It aims to develop pedagogy and gain a deeper understanding of how students learn. The document outlines two Lesson Study projects conducted by the University of Leicester to evaluate learning opportunities for international students and understand the role of study skills. Initial findings showed the value of collaborating with English language support and integrating study skills into research methods. Wider lessons indicated student learning is complex and a "methodology of glimpses" is needed to understand it.
The document discusses two approaches to learning - deep learning and surface learning. Deep learning promotes critical thinking, relating evidence to conclusions, long-term retention, and understanding that can be applied to life. It involves linking new knowledge to previous understanding and integrating ideas using organizing principles. In contrast, surface learning involves passive acceptance of information, memorization of isolated facts, short-term retention, and a failure to identify underlying patterns.
This document discusses a study conducted at the University of York to better understand student use and perceptions of lecture capture technology. The study used student diaries and interviews to gather data on how and why students use lecture recordings. Initial findings suggest that students strategize how they will use recordings during live lectures and that recordings are used as part of an overall study approach in addition to other resources, rather than just for note taking. The study aims to provide insights beyond typical measures of academic performance by exploring the student learning experience and how lecture capture impacts study behaviors.
Hea workshop session 4 initial conclusions and next stepsPhilwood
This document discusses conclusions and next steps from an initial study. It provides initial insights that practical utility is certain and that developing a critical stance through observations, learning, and professional learning is important. Next steps proposed are to further examine pedagogy, develop a language for analyzing learning using the SOLO taxonomy, expand lesson study in the context of developing professional capital, and apply complexity theory and ideas of emergence.
The document presents an analysis of applying an Interactive Learning Taxonomy (ILT) framework in an online course. The ILT aims to promote interactivity through student-content, student-teacher, and student-student interactions. The study examines an online teaching course where students designed blog lessons applying the ILT stages of invitation, involvement, investigation, insight, and implementation. Preliminary data found the ILT supported reflection, thinking, discourse, and transforming learning when interactivity replaced passivity.
How students use lecture captures as part of their studyingMatt Cornock
This document provides tips and strategies for using lecture recordings (captures) as part of studying based on interviews with University of York students. It outlines various approaches such as listening to recordings to prepare for practical tasks, using recordings and quizzes to check understanding of concepts, thinking across modules by listening to previous lectures, and creating definitive notes by combining notes from lectures and recordings. The tips are presented as a series of quotes from students about their specific strategies for using lecture captures effectively as part of their studying.
Presentation on ReOpen project publicly available training material for teachers on "Designing non-formal open learning curriculum", presented in project multiplier event as a pre-conference workshop of international conference "Open professional collaboration for open Classroom" on November 9th, 2017 in Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas
The implementation of i2 Flex methodology in a language class and the use of ...ACS Athens
The document discusses using the i2 Flex methodology and Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework in a language class. i2 Flex incorporates blended learning using technology to enhance content. It involves independent student learning, inquiry-based learning with faculty feedback, and face-to-face meetings. The CoI framework focuses on teaching, social, and cognitive presence. The author applies this framework to evaluate their language class involving an online cultural diversity topic, Moodle resources, and student discussions. A CoI survey was modified to evaluate the i2Flex learning experience holistically and provide benefits like evaluating student and teacher work.
The document discusses various pedagogical frameworks and approaches for language teaching, including the Laurillard's Conversational Framework (LCF). The LCF requires appropriate use of technology and relates language teaching events to learning events. It can be used to develop learning plans. The document also discusses pedagogy, social interaction, technology, inquiry-based learning, problem-based learning, and project-based learning as approaches for developing language skills.
Fostering Effective Teaching and Learning Through Classroom Observation and F...Saadia Morcenet secretary
This document discusses classroom observation and effective teaching. It begins by outlining the purposes of classroom observation, including as part of professional development or performance management. Classroom observation in an English as a foreign language context focuses on interactive exercises like pair and group work that are essential for language learning. The benefits of observation include professional growth for both the observer and observed. Key ingredients of effective teaching are also discussed, such as planning, content knowledge, classroom management, and instruction. A model for classroom observation is needed to provide a common framework for observation, goal setting, measuring progress, and giving constructive feedback to teachers.
Technology Integration Through Teacher Training - Action Research ProposalMarc Stephens
1. The document describes a technology integration program for teachers at a suburban high school that received federal funding. It involved providing laptops, interactive whiteboards, classroom computers, and technology support staff.
2. A needs assessment found that many teachers did not fully integrate technology or use it in sophisticated ways. The goal was to have teachers meaningfully integrate technology to enhance learning.
3. The program used a three-pronged approach: the DETAILS framework to assess teachers' technology skills, the IMPACT model for technology training and support, and the NTeQ model for hands-on technology instruction integrated with subject matter. It involved summer training and ongoing weekly sessions throughout the year.
This document discusses using sensemaking as an alternative to traditional evaluations for developing a distance learning research methods module. Sensemaking focuses on understanding complex situations and student learning processes. The author proposes using a modified lesson study approach where tutors and students collaboratively plan learning packages, students complete the work and are interviewed, and insights are used to plan future work. Two student experiences are described that had different processes but both found the practical focus useful. Some reflections note the potential for sensemaking to provide rich narratives of learning, inform curriculum development in real-time, and give insights into student learning ecologies compared to more reductive evaluations.
This document discusses teacher professional development (PD) and strategies for effective PD. It notes that effective PD involves teachers in identifying their own learning needs, relates to their daily practice, is collaborative and hands-on, and is sustained over time with follow-up support. PD should focus on both content and pedagogy, relate to standards, and involve collective participation from teachers within a school. Key aspects of effective PD include active learning, application of ideas to the classroom, reflection on student outcomes, facilitator support, and focus on student learning. Professional learning communities and inquiry-based teaching and learning are also addressed.
After participating in a differentiated instruction professional development program, teachers were able to partially implement differentiated instruction strategies in their classrooms. The main concerns that arose were related to facilities, time and support constraints, as well as teachers' and students' existing attitudes and beliefs. Effective differentiated instruction requires viewing teaching as a cyclical process that incorporates ongoing assessment to meet students' varying needs. Long-term, school-wide support is needed to fully integrate differentiated instruction as a fundamental approach in secondary education.
This document provides an overview of the English 1 module offered at Taylor's University. The module is designed to prepare students for tertiary studies by developing their English language skills, with a focus on academic writing, reading, listening, and speaking. Key aspects of the module include instruction on writing 5-paragraph essays, developing analytical skills, practicing oral presentations, and interpreting non-linear texts. Students will be assessed through an essay, oral presentation, e-portfolio, and final exam. The module will be delivered over 18 weeks through lectures, tutorials, and self-directed study.
The document outlines a presentation about teaching methods and materials in English language teaching. It discusses different approaches to language teaching, how to select student-centered methods and materials, and how to implement appropriate methods and materials to expedite student learning. It also defines materials development and recommends participatory teaching methods that follow constructivist learning theory.
This document provides an overview of the English 1 module offered at Taylor's University. The module is designed to prepare students for tertiary studies by developing their English language skills, with a focus on academic writing, reading, listening, and speaking. Key aspects of the module include instruction on writing 5-paragraph essays, developing analytical skills, practicing oral presentations, and interpreting non-linear texts. Students will be assessed through an essay, oral presentation, e-portfolio, and final exam. The module aims to equip students with strong English proficiency skills for both pre-university and tertiary level studies.
Extension Studies is a flexible SACE subject that allows students to investigate an area of personal interest or passion. It involves developing a proposal, conducting independent research, and communicating findings through a final exhibition, evaluation, and discussion. Students work with a contact teacher and/or mentor during the process. Extension Studies requires skills like independent work, problem solving, and articulating ideas. The subject assessments focus on the learning process rather than content.
Innovation through continuing professional developmentPeter Beech
Engaging in the process of continuing professional development enables us to remain fresh, embrace innovation and become the best teachers that we can be. In this workshop, we introduce several specific and practical activities which we can adopt as part of our development. Some of these, like keeping a reflective journal, are individual activities but our main focus is on cooperative development.
Being observed and reflecting on feedback is the most immediate way for us to increase our awareness of how we teach, while observing colleagues gives us the opportunity to see different styles of teaching. We suggest guidelines for peer observation designed to promote the development of self-awareness for experienced as well as novice teachers. These focus on the use of observation as a tool to provide constructive and formative feedback rather than criticism or evaluation.
The input that we receive from observing and being observed can be used as the basis for classroom research, giving us ideas to try out in the classroom and leading to a cycle of experimentation and reflection. This is very useful source of innovation, as it comes from within our own classrooms and so is maximally relevant to the needs of our students.
The workshop also suggests a few other ideas for collaborative development, introducing innovation to maximize the effectiveness of our teaching. These include presentation and discussion of interesting journal articles, sharing ideas for innovation using new technologies, and collaborating together on small-scale classroom research projects.
This document discusses approaches to teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP). It identifies six key approaches: inductive learning, process syllabuses, learner autonomy, technology, authenticity, and team teaching. It also discusses the distinction between EAP (the objectives and content) and TEAP (how the objectives can best be taught and learned). TEAP involves designing instruction based on needs analysis and research, implementing instruction to achieve academic objectives effectively, and evaluating learner achievement. The importance of the "how" in EAP is discussed in terms of communicating effectively to help learners and addressing the needs of novice teachers in peripheral countries.
Lesson Study is a collaborative approach used in Japan where teachers work together to plan, teach, observe and evaluate lessons. It aims to develop pedagogy and gain a deeper understanding of how students learn. The document outlines two Lesson Study projects conducted by the University of Leicester to evaluate learning opportunities for international students and understand the role of study skills. Initial findings showed the value of collaborating with English language support and integrating study skills into research methods. Wider lessons indicated student learning is complex and a "methodology of glimpses" is needed to understand it.
The document discusses two approaches to learning - deep learning and surface learning. Deep learning promotes critical thinking, relating evidence to conclusions, long-term retention, and understanding that can be applied to life. It involves linking new knowledge to previous understanding and integrating ideas using organizing principles. In contrast, surface learning involves passive acceptance of information, memorization of isolated facts, short-term retention, and a failure to identify underlying patterns.
This document discusses a study conducted at the University of York to better understand student use and perceptions of lecture capture technology. The study used student diaries and interviews to gather data on how and why students use lecture recordings. Initial findings suggest that students strategize how they will use recordings during live lectures and that recordings are used as part of an overall study approach in addition to other resources, rather than just for note taking. The study aims to provide insights beyond typical measures of academic performance by exploring the student learning experience and how lecture capture impacts study behaviors.
Hea workshop session 4 initial conclusions and next stepsPhilwood
This document discusses conclusions and next steps from an initial study. It provides initial insights that practical utility is certain and that developing a critical stance through observations, learning, and professional learning is important. Next steps proposed are to further examine pedagogy, develop a language for analyzing learning using the SOLO taxonomy, expand lesson study in the context of developing professional capital, and apply complexity theory and ideas of emergence.
The document presents an analysis of applying an Interactive Learning Taxonomy (ILT) framework in an online course. The ILT aims to promote interactivity through student-content, student-teacher, and student-student interactions. The study examines an online teaching course where students designed blog lessons applying the ILT stages of invitation, involvement, investigation, insight, and implementation. Preliminary data found the ILT supported reflection, thinking, discourse, and transforming learning when interactivity replaced passivity.
How students use lecture captures as part of their studyingMatt Cornock
This document provides tips and strategies for using lecture recordings (captures) as part of studying based on interviews with University of York students. It outlines various approaches such as listening to recordings to prepare for practical tasks, using recordings and quizzes to check understanding of concepts, thinking across modules by listening to previous lectures, and creating definitive notes by combining notes from lectures and recordings. The tips are presented as a series of quotes from students about their specific strategies for using lecture captures effectively as part of their studying.
Presentation on ReOpen project publicly available training material for teachers on "Designing non-formal open learning curriculum", presented in project multiplier event as a pre-conference workshop of international conference "Open professional collaboration for open Classroom" on November 9th, 2017 in Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas
The implementation of i2 Flex methodology in a language class and the use of ...ACS Athens
The document discusses using the i2 Flex methodology and Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework in a language class. i2 Flex incorporates blended learning using technology to enhance content. It involves independent student learning, inquiry-based learning with faculty feedback, and face-to-face meetings. The CoI framework focuses on teaching, social, and cognitive presence. The author applies this framework to evaluate their language class involving an online cultural diversity topic, Moodle resources, and student discussions. A CoI survey was modified to evaluate the i2Flex learning experience holistically and provide benefits like evaluating student and teacher work.
The document discusses various pedagogical frameworks and approaches for language teaching, including the Laurillard's Conversational Framework (LCF). The LCF requires appropriate use of technology and relates language teaching events to learning events. It can be used to develop learning plans. The document also discusses pedagogy, social interaction, technology, inquiry-based learning, problem-based learning, and project-based learning as approaches for developing language skills.
Fostering Effective Teaching and Learning Through Classroom Observation and F...Saadia Morcenet secretary
This document discusses classroom observation and effective teaching. It begins by outlining the purposes of classroom observation, including as part of professional development or performance management. Classroom observation in an English as a foreign language context focuses on interactive exercises like pair and group work that are essential for language learning. The benefits of observation include professional growth for both the observer and observed. Key ingredients of effective teaching are also discussed, such as planning, content knowledge, classroom management, and instruction. A model for classroom observation is needed to provide a common framework for observation, goal setting, measuring progress, and giving constructive feedback to teachers.
تقويم البرامج التعليمية متطلبات تكوينية وإجمالية ومتطلبات المساءلة للتقويم بغ...IEFE
This document discusses the different purposes and demands of assessment including formative, summative, and accountability assessments. It provides examples of how teachers in New Zealand primary science classrooms balance these different assessment needs. Teachers must be accountable to both the curriculum and to students. Planning assessments can help teachers target learning outcomes and student performance expectations. Teachers also work to develop student self-assessment skills. Formative and summative assessments are balanced throughout and at the end of teaching sequences. Teachers further account for student learning by reporting to families in various ways beyond just written reports. Support at the system level is important to help teachers navigate these various assessment demands and purposes.
This document provides information about the Foundation in Natural and Built Environments module offered at Taylor's University. The module aims to expose students to natural and built environments by establishing a symbiotic relationship between the two. It will be delivered over 18 weeks through lectures, tutorials and self-directed study. Students will complete two projects - the first on nature and the second on the built environment. They must also maintain a journal and ePortfolio capturing their learning. Assessment includes individual and group work, with grades given according to Taylor's marking scale.
Chapter-2 (3)_1 information system.pptxssuserdee5bb1
This document provides an overview of learning styles and theories. It discusses various learning style models including VAK, McCarthy's 4MAT system, and Kolb's Learning Style Inventory. It also covers major learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Examples are given to illustrate how each theory approaches learning. The document aims to help understand different approaches to learning styles and theories.
Faculty of Economics Trisakti University - Problem Based Learning (7 Jump Step)Dwitya Aribawa
This document provides an overview of problem-based learning (PBL). It discusses that PBL is an active learning approach where students work in small groups to solve real-world problems. It contrasts PBL with the traditional lecture approach. The roles of tutors, students, chairs, and secretaries in the PBL process are described. Steps in the PBL process like understanding the problem, learning new information, and applying the solution are outlined. Evaluation of the PBL process is also discussed.
Danielson framework overview syracuse new york pptx copy 2.2003 versionmtkendrick
The document provides an overview of the Framework for Teaching and how it can be used to improve teacher evaluation processes. It discusses flaws in typical evaluations and introduces the Framework's four domains and multiple components. Evidence is emphasized as the basis for assessment. The Framework structures evaluation around rubrics and is intended to facilitate collaborative, evidence-based conversations about teaching practice.
The document discusses various sources of data that can be used to document teaching effectiveness, including instructor self-assessment, student perceptions, student learning outcomes, peer/colleague reviews, teaching resources, and administrative perspectives. It provides examples of tools that can gather information from these sources, such as course portfolios, teaching journals, student surveys and feedback, classroom observations, peer reviews of materials, and student achievement outcomes. Graphs and matrices are suggested as ways to analyze and visualize trends in student feedback and comments over time.
Who teaches in MOOCs and how do they learn to do this? Tina Papathoma
This document summarizes a research study on who teaches in MOOCs and how they learn to do so. The study used a multiple case study methodology, analyzing 7 MOOC courses through 28 online interviews. It found that teaching responsibilities were distributed across educators, mentors, and collaborators, and included activities like content creation, video production, and facilitating discussions. Participants learned to teach through collaboration, reflection, and gaining practical and sociocultural knowledge from other participants as they worked together without formal training. The research concludes MOOC teaching requires a distributed approach rather than one individual and that professionals benefit from collaborative on-the-job learning.
8 principles of effective teaching and assessmentHylton Upshon
This document discusses principles of effective teaching and assessment. It covers several key areas including teaching models, assessment, reflection, and developing an understanding of effective teaching. Some specific topics covered include diverse learning contexts, instructional models, formative and summative assessment, lesson planning, and microteaching. The document also addresses the importance of reflection on teaching experiences and becoming an informed decision maker.
Presentation by Jan Håkansson - Linnaeus university, Sweden
Abstract:
The presentation focuses learnings from principals and teachers school
based curriculum and improvement work in five compulsory schools in
Sweden. The long term goal for the schools is to improve pupils academic
achievement, and in focus for the improvement work is two different areas
of teaching: classroom management and development if language in all
subjects. The results presented pay attention to: i) classroom
observations of teaching as a strategy, ii) principals and teachers
learning during improvement work, and iii) school¹s capacity building
through different qualities of learning.
Convegno internazionale "Migliorare la scuola", Napoli NH Ambassador 14-16 Maggio 2015
The rapid expansion of online teacher training raises a number of questions: How should we model student-centered, communicative teaching, incorporate a teaching practicum, and best accommodate students in a diverse, international context? This year-long critical analysis of a university-based TEFL certificate program offers insights and recommendations for teachers and administrators.
This document introduces lesson study, which is a collaborative process used to improve teaching. It involves teachers working together to 1) identify a learning challenge, 2) plan a research lesson, 3) teach the lesson while others observe student learning, 4) evaluate the lesson, and 5) reteach the improved lesson. The document then discusses three years of using lesson study to develop pedagogy for a Masters program. It found lesson study helped reduce isolation, engage international students, and integrate study skills into research methods. Overall, lesson study is a useful tool for gaining insights into teaching complexity through collaboration.
Integrative teaching as mode of instructional deliveryReynel Dan
The document discusses several approaches to integrated teaching and learning:
- Integrative teaching treats the curriculum holistically and uses interactive, collaborative, and innovative processes.
- Thematic teaching organizes learning around broad ideas and links content from various disciplines under a common theme.
- Content-based instruction integrates language learning with subject content, with the language curriculum centered on students' academic needs.
- Focusing inquiry takes an interdisciplinary approach using questions to guide student-led investigations and knowledge creation.
- The generic competency model links multiple courses through overarching competencies like social, personal, and work skills.
This document discusses the key domains of content that constitute the core knowledge base for second language teacher education (SLTE). It identifies six main domains: theories of teaching, teaching skills, communication skills, subject matter knowledge, pedagogical reasoning and decision making, and contextual knowledge. For each domain, the document outlines some of the important components and provides examples to illustrate what knowledge and skills fall within that domain. The overall purpose is to articulate a coherent foundation for SLTE programs by defining the essential content areas that should be covered.
Similar to Training material for teachers non-formal open learning curriculum (20)
This document discusses work-based learning and general competencies. It presents a mindmap of key competencies like information processing, communication, interpersonal skills, and problem-solving. It then provides more details on each competency. It describes five informal ways people learn in organizations using technologies like email, conversations, blogs, articles, and social networks. It states that modern technologies facilitate learning through sight and hearing and become extensions of ourselves. The document was produced by Margarita Teresevičienė and Egidijus Jaras as part of an Erasmus+ project on open professional collaboration and innovation.
This document discusses work-based learning and general competencies. It identifies five general competencies: information processing, communication, interpersonal skills and teamwork, and problem-solving. It then describes five informal ways that learning occurs in organizations using technologies: email, in-person conversations, reading blog posts and online articles, searching the social web, and connecting with others on social networks or private groups. It concludes that technologies have become extensions of ourselves in how they facilitate learning, particularly with sight and hearing.
Pasiūlymai mokytojų kvalifikacijos tobulinimo programoms.
Estela Daukšienė, Margarita Teresevičienė, Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
TEDS project - Teacher education for sustainability (2019- 1 – PT01- KA201- 060830)
Tyrimo rezultatai - iš mokslinio projekto “Atviras nuotolinis mokymasis įtinklintai skaitmeninei visuomenei“
Pagrindiniai tyrėjai: doc.dr. Airina Volungevičienė, prof. Margarita Teresevičienė, doc.dr. Elena Trepulė, dr. Estela Daukšienė, Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
This document provides information about an open online course called "Language and Society" offered at Vytautas Magnus University. The course is designed for self-learning with some optional synchronous online meetings. It aims to equip students with basic linguistics knowledge and an understanding of the links between language and society. Over four weeks, students will complete individual learning activities and assignments, participate in online discussions, and take quizzes. Assessment will include practical assignments, self-assessments tests, and a final project. Topics will cover the nature of language, discourse analysis, language and culture, and language policy.
The document discusses European policy around recognizing non-formal open learning in formal education curricula. Key points of European policy include recognizing prior learning since 1997, and encouraging open recognition of learning achievements from formal, non-formal and informal settings. For non-formal open learning to be recognized, learning outcomes must be documented transparently using standards and quality assurance. Benefits include allowing access to higher education programs and exemptions from parts of study programs. However, barriers include regulations around assessment and recognition, and tensions between accessibility and cost-effectiveness. The document presents a traffic light model to help evaluate open learning offers for their recognizability.
Author: Sandra Kucina Softic, SRCE
Definition
A digital badge is a validated indicator of accomplishment, skill, quality, or interest that can be earned in many learning environments and communicated. across contexts such as academic and work related contexts
Open digital badging makes it easy for anyone to issue, earn, and display badges across the web—through an infrastructure that uses shared and open technical standards.
This document discusses exploiting open educational resources (OER) for professional development. It defines OER as teaching, learning, and research materials that can be freely accessed, used, adapted, and redistributed with few or no restrictions. The 2017 Ljubljana OER Action Plan provides recommendations in five areas to support wider adoption of OER, including building user capacity and ensuring inclusive access. The document also reviews UN frameworks supporting education rights and OER, and lists ways that OER can enhance professional development, such as inspiring innovation, expanding learning networks, and strengthening abilities like collaboration. However, it notes challenges like lack of awareness, incentives, time and issues around quality and mindsets.
The document summarizes transformation of education in the era of openness and flexibility. It discusses how education is transforming through online, open, flexible and technology enhanced approaches to achieve inclusive and equitable quality education for all as outlined in the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 4. Key points discussed include the rapid expansion of higher education enabled by technology, the need to transform pedagogical approaches and develop new skills for students and teachers, and how open approaches can help drive this transformation for a sustainable future.
Author - Dénes Zarka, Director of Centre for Learning Innovation and Adult Learning – Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME).The presentation will describe the method of VOCAL project to train and encourage HE and VET teachers to re-develop traditional educational content to high quality collaboratinve ditigal material in intercultural environment.
Author - Giedrė Tumosienė,Supervisor in Education Development Centre.Trying to investigate if and when self-assessment can become an efficient tool for development of teacher’s digital competence, we are basing our presentation on preliminary results of field trials and surveys in MENTEP project (developing and testing online self-assessment tool for technology-enhanced teaching competence).
The document discusses how technology is changing the role of teachers and the nature of learning. It addresses how linear models of learning are being replaced by more adaptive, flexible models due to globalization and workforce changes. The role of teachers is shifting from instructors to motivators. Universal design principles are presented as a way to create inclusive learning spaces that accommodate diverse learners through flexibility, perceptible information, and intuitive design. Technology can both contradict expectations of participatory learning but also enable new forms of shared knowledge and engagement when equitably accessed. Education is at a crossroads and requires innovative and inclusive design as well as clear leadership and vision to plan for a globalized world.
This document discusses recognition of open and non-formal learning from an organizational perspective. It addresses how open education practices like MOOCs, OERs, and virtual exchange can provide flexible learning opportunities. However, integrating openness into education organizations presents challenges regarding leadership, transparency, collaboration, and balancing traditional and digital values. The document proposes developing open online programs through universities to recognize prior open learning. This could help engage more diverse learners but requires support and training teachers to create open content and collaborate online. Overall, the document examines how education providers can recognize and validate open and non-formal learning through new online and partnership models.
Author - Vaino Brazdeikis, Centre of Information Technology for Education (CITE), Director. The presentation discuss about national the initiative, which provide digital content to schools (Portal Emokykla, et al.), to supply teachers with technology and help them with the required competencies. It also introduces ideas for developing a safe Internet network for schools, support for schools in implementation virtual environments, support ICT coordinators. The article also highlights initiatives by other institutions that improve the openness education in Lithuania
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. Estela Daukšienė,
Margarita Teresevičienė
Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
Matthias Murawski,
ESCP Europe Business School Berlin, Germany
Designing non-formal open learning
curriculum
Training material for teachers
3. • describe and explain the open learning
philosophy and its building blocks
• plan non-formal open course description;
• design learning plan for non-formal open
learning.
Learning outcomes (3 UNITS)
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
4. • Unit 1. Open Learning
• Unit 2. Non-formal open learning curriculum
characteristics
• Unit 3. Curriculum designing for non-formal
open learning
Units and Topics (3 Units)
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
5. • Unit 1. Open Learning
– Topic 1. Introduction to the open learning philosophy
– Topic 2. Student empowerment
– Topic 3. Active learning experiences, community and
connectedness
• Unit 2. Non-formal open learning curriculum
characteristics
– Topic 1. Formal, non-formal and Informal learning
– Topic 2. Structural features of non-formal open learning course
• Unit 3. Curriculum designing for non-formal open learning
Units and Topics
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
6. • Unit 1. Open Learning
• Unit 2. Non-formal open learning curriculum
characteristics
• Unit 3. Curriculum designing for non-formal open learning
– Topic 1. Variety of learning methods for non-formal open
learning
– Topic 2. Planning non-formal open learning course preparation
– Topic 3. Preparing learning and marketing materials for non-
formal open learning course
Units and Topics
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
7. • Learners accessing freely available online content
• Learners enrolling on free open/distance learning
courses
• Learners collaborating on open knowledge-building
projects
• Learners sharing outcomes with one another
M. Murawski, TM1 Unit1
Some Principles of Open Learning
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
8. • Online classroom not a place where a teacher’s role
is to ‘pour’ expert knowledge into passive students
who sit in rows of virtual desks
• Instead, students need to be encouraged to be
actively involved in their own process of learning,
through meaningful interactions with both the
platform itself and the community of students and
teachers that it connects
• Interaction as a success factor of open learning
M. Murawski, TM1 Unit1
Active Learning Experiences
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
9. Formal vs non-formal learning
(Adopted from: Harrison, 2012)
Control- hierarchical
Purposes
• Long-term
& general
Content
• Academic
• Entry
requirements
determine
Timing • Long cycle
Delivery
system
Self-governing/ democratic
Purposes
•Short-term &
specific
Content
•Practical
•Clientele
determined
Timing
•Short-
cycle/recurrent
Delivery
system
•Flexible• Institution
based
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
M. Teresevičienė, TM1 Unit 2
10. Structural features of open non-formal
course
• Learning needs
and expectations
• Curriculum
• Delivery
• Assessment
• Certification
Non-formal
open
learning
programme
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
M. Teresevičienė, TM1 Unit 2
11. • LO are competency based as designate exactly
what students need to do, to demonstrate
mastery of course material;
• LO are brief, clear, specific statements of what
learners will be able to perform at the conclusion
of instruction activities;
• LO allow visibility and portability of such
outcomes in the lifelong learning system, in the
labour market or in the community and
recognition in formal system.
Competencies, learning outcomes (LO)
M. Teresevičienė, TM1 Unit 2
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
13. Variety of learning methods for non-formal open
learning
by Kokcharov (2015)
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
14. Individual learning methods
Active
• concept mapping,
• written assignments (projects,
essays, reports, etc.),
• reflections,
• content based games or
simulations,
• self-evaluation tests,
• inquiry based learning
Passive
• listening to lectures,
• looking at pictures,
• watching the videos or
video/audio presentations,
• reading papers or slides;
E. Daukšienė, TM1 Unit 3
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
15. Group learning methods
Active
• discussion forums,
• peer review projects,
• role-playing,
• group debates,
• written assignments (group
projects, reports, essays etc.),
• problem solving or project based
learning.
Passive
• listening to lectures,
• looking at pictures,
• watching the videos or
video/audio presentations,
• reading papers or slides.
E. Daukšienė, TM1 Unit 3
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
16. Assessment supports student learning best when:
• it captures sufficient student ‘time on task’ and distributes
this time evenly across weeks and topics;
• the time spent on task engages students in high levels of
cognitive activity;
• it clarifies for students the goals they should be achieving;
• it provides sufficient good quality feedback, that is
understandable, in time for it to be useful in tackling the
next task; and
• in so doing, it develops students’ meta-cognitive ability to
supervise their own learning in the future. (Gibbs, 2010)
Assessment strategies for open non-formal
learning
M. Teresevičienė, TM1 Unit 2
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
17. • Persons demonstrating all prescribed
competences in an accredited course or training
program should obtain a credential or statement
of attainment which is recognized within the
national qualification framework.
• In a case non-formal learning program is guided
by a formal curriculum, credential should state
not only completion fact of the program but also
its connectedness to the formal learning
programs and institutions.
Certification
M. Teresevičienė, TM1 Unit 2
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
18. • Guide teachers in
– Understanding what open learning is
– Elaborating characteristics of the “ideal” teacher for open
learning
• forming and defining requirements and preparing a
learning plan for non-formal open learning course
• Provides templates for
– Non-formal course description
– self-learning or mentored learning (learning in groups) course
plan for your learners
– Tools to check if the course is prepared for non-formal open
learning.
TM1 Assignments
Please refer to TM1 of ReOPEN project for further details, references, etc.
20. • How would you like to learn? Let’s brainstorm
• Answer questions in - https://answergarden.ch/582878
• Limit your answers with 40 characters
• Provide as many asnwers as you need
• Time for learning – how long should the course last? 2 weeks? 3 months?...
• Intensity – how many hours could you spend for learning per week?
• Synchronous or asynchronous consultations
• Individual tasks or groups activities?
• Learning material - downloadable or accessible online? Adapted for mobile
learning? More readings, videos or learn by doing activities?
Assignment Put yourself in the learner’s shoes
Editor's Notes
Unit 3 focuses on designing learning plan for non-formal open learning by discussing the main learning and assessment methods and preparing the learning content for non-formal open learning