Traffic Control devices are used for management of traffic flow and speed studies for transortation engineering

1. Transportation Systems Engineering

2. Introduction
• Traffic control devices
• Medium of communication between traffic engineer and road users
• Major types:
• Traffic signs
• Road markings
• Traffic signals
• Other Devices (Parking control/ Bollards/ Barriers/ Islands)
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3. Traffic control devices
• Purpose
• to promote highway safety and efficiency by providing for
the orderly movement of all road users
• Traffic control devices notify road users of regulations and
provide warning and guidance needed for the reasonably
safe, uniform, and efficient operation of all elements of
the traffic stream
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4. Traffic control devices
• Traffic control devices or their supports shall not bear any
advertising message or any other message that is not
related to traffic control.
• Tourist-oriented directional signs and Specific Service signs
are not considered advertising; rather, they are classified as
motorist service signs
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5. Traffic control devices
• 5 Basic Criteria:
• Fulfill a need
• Command attention from road user
• Convey clear and simple meaning
• Avoid overuse, misusing, confusing messages
• Adequate time for proper response
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6. Traffic control devices
• Principles:
• Uniformity of the meaning of the control devices
• Homogeneity (same importance, same value, same rules)
• Simplicity
• Legal Wordings in MUTCD
• Shall (mandatory)
• Should (advisory)
• May (permissive)
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7. Traffic control devices
• Communication tools
• Color (Night time and Daytime Visibility)
• easily noticed characteristics
• red, green, yellow, black, blue, and brown
• Shape
• the second element discerned by the driver
• circular, triangular, rectangular, diamond shape
• Legend
• Pattern
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8. Traffic control devices
• Communication tools
• Legend
• legend should be short, simple and specific
• Symbols that are trans-lingual or word messages
• Word messages should be as brief as possible
• All lettering shall be in capital letter
• Word messages on street name and destinations may include
lower-case letters with initial upper-case letters
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9. Traffic control devices
• Communication tools
• Pattern
• Used in markings to complement signs
• solid, double solid and dotted lines
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10. Traffic control devices
• Design principles
• High visibility by day and night
• High legibility
• adequately sized letters or symbols, and a short legend for
quick comprehension
• Uniformity in design
• include shape, color, dimensions, legends, borders, and
illumination or retro-reflectivity
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11. A. Traffic Signs
• Devices mounted on a fixed support (permanent
signs) or portable supports (temporary signs)
• By means of words or symbols trying to convey a
specific message. (Regulate, warn or guide)
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12. A. Traffic Signs
• Principles of Traffic Signs:
 Conspicuous (Must be easily
seen)
- Size (Standard specifications
in various sizes; A, B, C and D.)
- Borders (To frame the sign
and make them standout)
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13. A. Traffic Signs
• Principles of Traffic Signs:
 Clear (Legible and to be rean
in ample time)
- Lettering Style (Series A, B,
C, D, E, F, & G)
- Spacing (b/n letters and
words and maximum number of
words)
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14. A. Traffic Signs
• Principles of Traffic Signs:
 Comprehensible
(understood by the road user)
- If needed, TAGALIZE or
TAGLISH in areas where it is
applicable.
- Multilingual signs should be
provided.
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15. A. Traffic Signs
• Principles of Traffic Signs:
 Credible (Believed by the
road users)
- Work signs should only be
displayed when works are actually
in process.
- Speed zones are set in
accordance with guidelines.
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16. A. Traffic Signs
• Principles of Traffic Signs:
 Consistency (same sign
should convey same messages)
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17. A. Traffic Signs
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• Examples of Undesirable practices:

18. A. Traffic Signs
• Regulatory signs
• Mandatory signs - give notice of traffic laws or regulations and
if violated may constitute to an offense.
• Warning signs
• Cautionary signs - give notice of a situation that might not be
readily apparent
• Informative signs
• Guide signs - show route designations, distances, services,
points of interest, etc.
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19. A.1. Regulatory signs
• Types
1. Right of way series/ Priority Signs
2. Direction Signs
3. Prohibitive or Restrictive Signs
4. Miscellaneous Signs (Parking series & Pedestrian series)
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- Regulatory signs are signs that give instructions,
prohibitions or restrictions which road users must obey.

20. 1. ROW series/ Priority Signs
• ROW series
• STOP sign
• Octagonal shape
• to indicate traffic is always
required to stop (complete stop)
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21. 1. ROW series/ Priority Signs
• STOP sign warrant
• engineering judgment indicates:
• Intersection of a minor road with a major road
• Street entering a through highway or street
• Un-signalized intersection in a signalized area
• High speeds, restricted view, or crash records
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22. 1. ROW series/ Priority Signs
• STOP sign placement
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23. 1. ROW series/ Priority Signs
• STOP sign placement
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24. • STOP sign placement
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Major Road
Speed (kph)
Distance Along minor
Road (Y-axis, m)
Distance Along Major
Road (X-axis, m)
40 3 20
50 3 30
60 3 40
70 3 55
80 3 65
90 3 80
100 3 95
110 3 115
120 3 140

25. 1. ROW series/ Priority Signs
• ROW series
• YEILD or GIVEWAY
• downward-pointing equilateral
triangle
• Wide red border and the legend
YIELD in red on a white
background
• Indicates that each driver must
prepare to stop if necessary to let a
driver approach .
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26. 1. ROW series/ Priority Signs
• YEILD sign warrant
• Ability to see all conflicting traffic is sufficient to
allow a road user to pass through the intersection in a
reasonably safe manner.
• In a merging situation the entering roadway has poor
geometry and/or inadequate sight distance
• An intersection where a special problem exists which
could be corrected
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27. Regulatory signs
• YIELD sign placement
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28. 2. Direction Signs
• Guide traffic flow and help prevent accidents.
• Purpose: Indicate the only direction/s the motorist is
obliged to follow.
• Location: Normally used in conjunction with islands at
channelized intersections.
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29. 2. Direction Signs
• Disc Type – Direction
signs used for urban low
speed areas, rural roads
with 60 to 70 kph, high
speed rural and multi-
lane urban areas.
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30. 2. Direction
Signs
• Plate type only used for
urban areas.
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31. 3. Prohibitive and Restrictive
Signs
• This will mark maximum speed limits, prohibited entry, no-
parking zones, and cases where certain vehicle types are not
allowed.
• Speed Series warrants:
• Black legend on a white background
• Circular in shape with red borders
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32. 3. Prohibitive and Restrictive
Signs
• Movement series
• turn prohibitions
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33. A.2. Warning Signs
• Purpose
• Own safety of drivers
• Extra vigilance from driver
• Design
• Legend will be black in color with a white background
• Shape is upward triangular or diamond shape with red
borders
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34. Warning Signs
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Approach
Speed
(kph)
Desired Speed (kph)
Stop 20 30 40
50 75 m 60 45 30
60 100 m 90 75 60
70 160 m 150 140 120
80 225 m 200 190 170
Advance Warning Signs Distances (In Meters)

35. Warning Signs
• Types:
a. Horizontal Alignment Signs
b. Intersection and Junction Signs
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36. Warning Signs
• Types:
c. Road Width Signs
d. Pedestrian and School Signs
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37. Warning Signs
• Hazard Markers – Rectangular in Shape and generally
consisting of a series of black and white bands.
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38. Warning Signs
• Hazard Markers Types:
- One-Way Hazard Markers (Delineate abrupt narrowing)
- Two-way Hazard Marker (Delineate an exposed
obstruction)
- Width Marker (Used when approaching a bridge)
- Chevron Signs (guide through a change in horizontal
alignment)
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39. * Chevrons
• Design Guidelines:
- Point of arrow shall indicate the direction of travel.
- Be visible for at least 150 m from curve.
- Minimum lateral offset shall be 1.8 m.
- Aligned right angle to the driver’s line of sight.
- Spacing, driver should at least see 3 signs while
negotiating a curve
- Installed at least 1.5 m above the ground (rural) and 2.2
m (urban)
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40. * Chevrons
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41. * Chevrons
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42. A.3. Guide Signs
• Informative signs
• Predominantly meant for drivers who are unfamiliar to the
place
• Supply information to identify points of geographical or
historical interest and give directions to rest areas, camping
or parking areas. Guide sign should be limited to the
numbers of words a driver can read.
• Sign should carry not more than three lines of legends
or three destination names.
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43. A.3. Guide Signs
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44. A.3. Guide Signs
• Classifications:
a. Advance direction signs – Used in
advance of an intersection to indicate
destinations along each route leading away
from the intersection providing prior
information.
• Stack Signs
• Diagrammatic Signs
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45. A.3. Guide Signs
• Classifications:
a. Advance direction signs
• Stack Signs
• Diagrammatic Signs
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46. A.3. Guide Signs
• Classifications:
b. Intersection direction
signs – Supplement
advance direction signs
and should be placed at
more important
intersections or decision
points to show where
the intersecting road
leads.
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47. A.3. Guide Signs
• Classifications:
c. Reassurance direction signs
– May be used beyond
intersection to reassure
motorists who are travelling
towards their intended and to
indicate the distances to the
desired destination.
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48. A.3. Guide Signs
• Classifications:
d. Guide signs on expressways
/ Tourist Destination Signs –
may put up on an arterial road
to denote places of public,
scenic, historic or cultural
interest that are recognized by
the appropriate authority and
through which the road passes.
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49. Traffic Signs
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50. Traffic Signs
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51. B. Pavement Marking
• Lines, symbols, messages, or numerals
and may be set into the surface of,
applied upon, or attached to the
pavement.
• A supplement to other traffic control
devices, such as traffic signals and road
signs.
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52. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
1. Longitudinal Lines – Laid in the
direction of travel.
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53. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
1. Longitudinal Lines
• Separation line (Center line) – separate opposite traffic
movements
• Lane lines – separate adjacent lanes of traffic moving in the
same direction.
• Edge lines – Used to delineate the edge of the travelled way to
distinguish it from the shoulder area. Discourage travel on
road shoulders, make driving safer.
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54. B. Pavement Marking
1. Longitudinal Lines
• Separation line
• Lane lines
• Edge lines
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55. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
1. Longitudinal Lines
• Double unbroken/solid yellow line– barrier lines used only
where overtaking from both directions and all crossing
movements are not allowed.
• Single unbroken yellow line – barrier lines used only where
overtaking from both directions are not allowed but crossing
movements are permitted.
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56. B. Pavement Marking
• Double unbroken/solid yellow line
• Single unbroken yellow line
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57. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
1. Longitudinal Lines
• Combination of an unbroken yellow line and a white
separation line – same as the double unbroken yellow line
except that the vehicles whose right is the white lane are
permitted to cross the line.
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58. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
1. Longitudinal
Lines
• Transition lines –
Guide traffic safely
past obstructions on
roadways such as
islands, median strips,
bridge piers or indicate
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59. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
2. Transverse lines – Laid across the direction of
travel.
• Stop lines – placed across appropriate portion of the road way
at positions where vehicles are required to stop.
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60. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
2. Transverse lines
• Give way line markings – consist of two adjacent broken white
lines across the carriage way at which the drivers must give way
to all traffic in accordance with give way sign.
• Other lines: Turn Lines, Parking Bays, Painted Median Island,
and Bus & PUJ Lane lines
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61. B. Pavement Marking
• Types:
2. Transverse lines – Laid across the direction of
travel.
• Other markings: Approach marking to islands and obstruction,
Chevron markings, diagonal markings, markings on exit and
entrance ramps, curb markings for parking restrictions.
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62. B. Pavement Marking
• Other markings: Approach marking to islands and obstruction,
Chevron markings, diagonal markings, markings on exit and
entrance ramps, curb markings for parking restrictions.
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63. C. Traffic Signals
• Control devices which could alternately direct the traffic to
stop and proceed at intersections using red and green traffic
light signals automatically.
• Main requirements of requirements of traffic signal are to draw
attention , provide meaning and time to respond and to have
minimum waste of time.
• Reduce conflict between vehicles entering intersections from
different directions.
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64. C. Traffic Signals
• Types:
1. Traffic control signals- They have three colored light glows
facing each direction of traffic flow. RED light means to
STOP , GREEN means to GO , YELLOW or AMBER
means allows the CLEARANCE TIME.
2. Pedestrian Signals- They are meant to give the right way to
pedestrian to cross a road during the “walk period” when the
vehicular traffic shall be stopped by red or stop signal on the
traffic signals of the road.
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65. C. Traffic Signals
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66. D. Other Devices
(Channelizing Devices)
• Barriers, Bollards,
Islands and
Delineators
• Cones - Daytime Use
Nighttime Use
2 reflective collars
required on cones at
night or lighting devices
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67. D. Other Devices
(Channelizing Devices)
• Panel Vertical
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68. D. Other Devices
(Channelizing Devices)
• Barrels
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69. D. Other Devices
(Channelizing Devices)
• Barricades Type III Barricades
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70. D. Other Devices
(Channelizing Devices)
• Longitudinal Channelizing
Devices
- Not crashworthy
• Important: Follow
manufacturer’s
installation instructions
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71. D. Other Devices
(Channelizing Devices)
• Traffic Barriers
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Why add reflectors on traffic barriers?
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72. Thank You