The document discusses various mechanical systems used in metro/subway systems, including ventilation, air conditioning, fire control, and lifts/escalators. It explains that ventilation systems are needed to supply fresh air, remove heat, control temperature and humidity, and ensure good air quality. Air conditioning further helps regulate the climate within stations. Fire control systems work to detect, control, and suppress fires through detectors, alarms, and suppression mechanisms. Lifts and escalators provide accessibility and improve passenger flow within stations. Overall the document outlines the key mechanical systems that help maintain a safe, comfortable environment for metro passengers and staff.
The document discusses signalling systems used in metro rail systems. It explains that signalling systems use trackside signals, train detection systems and communication to safely manage train movements and spacing. It describes how Continuous Automatic Train Control (CATC) systems using Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) help achieve high safety, reliability and capacity in metro operations. CBTC integrates Automatic Train Protection (ATP), Automatic Train Operation (ATO) and Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) using radio communication between trains and tracks. This allows trains to run safely at close headways while optimizing speeds. The document also discusses automatic fare collection (AFC) systems and their benefits for passengers and operators, as well as the role of the Operation Control Centre (
Metro systems and engineering involves planning, developing, constructing, and operating metro rail networks within cities. Key aspects include feasibility studies, route planning, infrastructure like trains, tracks, power systems, tunnels, elevated structures, and stations. Construction methods for tunnels include cut-and-cover and boring machines. Viaducts are commonly used for elevated tracks, with precast segmental construction being a main approach that allows for efficient assembly of prefabricated concrete segments. Careful consideration is given to factors like population density, traffic, connectivity, and environment.
Brief introduction to metro systems and its need, type,routing studies, basic...ShubhamSharma775952
The document provides an overview of metro systems, including their purpose in providing efficient public transportation within urban areas. It discusses some of the first metro systems developed and lists the New York City Subway and Taipei Metro as two of the largest and busiest systems today. The document also outlines several key needs that metro systems address for cities, such as reducing traffic congestion, improving transportation access and equity, and stimulating economic development. It describes different types of metro systems and factors considered in routing and planning studies. Finally, it discusses the basic financial and planning process involved in developing a new metro system.
1. Overhead electrification (OHE) systems are commonly used to power metro trains through overhead wires and pantographs. The pantographs collect electricity from the wires to power the trains' electrical systems and traction motors.
2. OHE systems offer advantages over other electrical systems like being cost-effective to install and maintain, flexible for different train types, and reliable with proven track records.
3. Traction power substations convert incoming high-voltage power to lower voltages used by trains. Auxiliary substations provide power for metro lighting, ventilation, escalators, and other auxiliary systems.
Traffic management systems in metro systems utilize various technologies like signalling, train control, and passenger information systems to monitor, control, and optimize train and passenger flow. They help ensure smooth operations, maximize capacity, and enhance safety. Environmental and social safeguards aim to minimize negative impacts on communities and the environment by measures like noise control, waste management, and ensuring equitable access. Pedestrian facilities and multimodal transfer integration are also important for providing safe, convenient access and transfers between transportation modes within metro stations.
A brief explanation of the training received during my industrial training in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. It was a lot but I tried to show the main portion of the HVAC system used in DMRC underground railway stations. Everyone was eager to help there. If you want to have some real experience of training then you should definitely join DMRC.
Implementation of METRO rail using PLC and SCADAmanogna gwen
This document discusses the implementation of a metro rail system using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). It describes how PLCs are used for automation and control functions, while SCADA is used for high-level supervision, data collection, and presentation. The document outlines the components, functions, and block diagram of a metro rail system that uses PLCs to interface with sensors and machinery, while SCADA is used for monitoring train locations to help avoid accidents and collisions.
Railway Engineering: signaling, interlocking, train control systemBathla Tuition Centre
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Railway Signaling, Interlocking & trail control system.
Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com
The document discusses signalling systems used in metro rail systems. It explains that signalling systems use trackside signals, train detection systems and communication to safely manage train movements and spacing. It describes how Continuous Automatic Train Control (CATC) systems using Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) help achieve high safety, reliability and capacity in metro operations. CBTC integrates Automatic Train Protection (ATP), Automatic Train Operation (ATO) and Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) using radio communication between trains and tracks. This allows trains to run safely at close headways while optimizing speeds. The document also discusses automatic fare collection (AFC) systems and their benefits for passengers and operators, as well as the role of the Operation Control Centre (
Metro systems and engineering involves planning, developing, constructing, and operating metro rail networks within cities. Key aspects include feasibility studies, route planning, infrastructure like trains, tracks, power systems, tunnels, elevated structures, and stations. Construction methods for tunnels include cut-and-cover and boring machines. Viaducts are commonly used for elevated tracks, with precast segmental construction being a main approach that allows for efficient assembly of prefabricated concrete segments. Careful consideration is given to factors like population density, traffic, connectivity, and environment.
Brief introduction to metro systems and its need, type,routing studies, basic...ShubhamSharma775952
The document provides an overview of metro systems, including their purpose in providing efficient public transportation within urban areas. It discusses some of the first metro systems developed and lists the New York City Subway and Taipei Metro as two of the largest and busiest systems today. The document also outlines several key needs that metro systems address for cities, such as reducing traffic congestion, improving transportation access and equity, and stimulating economic development. It describes different types of metro systems and factors considered in routing and planning studies. Finally, it discusses the basic financial and planning process involved in developing a new metro system.
1. Overhead electrification (OHE) systems are commonly used to power metro trains through overhead wires and pantographs. The pantographs collect electricity from the wires to power the trains' electrical systems and traction motors.
2. OHE systems offer advantages over other electrical systems like being cost-effective to install and maintain, flexible for different train types, and reliable with proven track records.
3. Traction power substations convert incoming high-voltage power to lower voltages used by trains. Auxiliary substations provide power for metro lighting, ventilation, escalators, and other auxiliary systems.
Traffic management systems in metro systems utilize various technologies like signalling, train control, and passenger information systems to monitor, control, and optimize train and passenger flow. They help ensure smooth operations, maximize capacity, and enhance safety. Environmental and social safeguards aim to minimize negative impacts on communities and the environment by measures like noise control, waste management, and ensuring equitable access. Pedestrian facilities and multimodal transfer integration are also important for providing safe, convenient access and transfers between transportation modes within metro stations.
A brief explanation of the training received during my industrial training in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. It was a lot but I tried to show the main portion of the HVAC system used in DMRC underground railway stations. Everyone was eager to help there. If you want to have some real experience of training then you should definitely join DMRC.
Implementation of METRO rail using PLC and SCADAmanogna gwen
This document discusses the implementation of a metro rail system using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). It describes how PLCs are used for automation and control functions, while SCADA is used for high-level supervision, data collection, and presentation. The document outlines the components, functions, and block diagram of a metro rail system that uses PLCs to interface with sensors and machinery, while SCADA is used for monitoring train locations to help avoid accidents and collisions.
Railway Engineering: signaling, interlocking, train control systemBathla Tuition Centre
This Presentation Contains Railway engineering concepts. The contents covered are Railway Signaling, Interlocking & trail control system.
Feel free to write in Comment Section or drop a line in my Inbox amanbathla710@gmail.com
Air conditioning for large multistory buildingspnazila
Most large multistory buildings use centralized air conditioning equipment located on the roof or in the basement. The roof allows for fresh air intake and heat rejection while the basement provides easy utility connections and noise isolation. Common central air conditioning systems include central plants, variable air volume, terminal reheat, multizone, double duct, induction, and fan coil systems. Fan coil systems circulate air over hot or cold water coils in fan coil units located in individual zones to control temperature.
What is MRTS?
History
Role of Civil Engineers
Why MRTS?
Characteristics of MRTS
Network Design Parameters
Types of MRTS Networks
Types of MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit system
Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
Metro Rail Transit System
Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
Mono Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transport System
Impact
Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.
It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops.
It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time.
Brief Introduction of
* Purposes of railway station
* Site selection for railway station
* Requirements of railway station
* Classification of stations
* Classification of Yards
The document provides information on transportation engineering and railway engineering. It discusses the role of railways in transportation from economic, cultural, and political aspects. It then covers the history of railways in India from 1832 to present day. Key topics include gauges used in India, permanent way components like rails and fish plates, and manufacturing units.
This presentation summarizes the Indian railway signal system. It introduces the Indian railway network as the 4th largest in the world comprising over 115,000 km of track. It then describes the key components of the railway signaling system including block signals, fixed signals, mechanical signals, color light signals and cab signals. It also discusses interlocking systems which use mechanical and electrical devices to coordinate signaling and ensure safe train movements. The presentation concludes by covering communication systems used for train traffic control such as microwave transmission and optical fiber communication.
This document discusses ventilation systems in tunnels. There are various types of ventilation systems provided during tunnel construction and operation to remove dust and gases. Longitudinal ventilation systems move air longitudinally through the tunnel to exhaust pollutants from the construction area. Natural ventilation systems rely on air moving from one portal to another through the tunnel. Mechanical ventilation systems use electric fans and blowers to exhaust gases and blow fresh air through the tunnel. Proper ventilation is essential for worker safety by removing dust, smoke and gases during tunnel construction.
This document provides information on rapid transit systems in India. It discusses that rapid transit consists of bus, metro, monorail and light rail systems which generally operate on exclusive rights-of-way. The first rapid transit system in India was the Kolkata Metro in 1984. Growing populations in Indian cities have led to a shift from private to public transportation with metro rail lines now present in several major cities. Delhi Metro commenced operations in 2002 and now has over 140 stations with a total length of 193 kilometers. Bus Rapid Transit systems have also been implemented in cities like Pune and Delhi to provide fast, reliable public transportation.
Railway Signaling: Introduction to Signals, Objective of signals. Types of Signals, Operating Characteristics, Functional Characteristics, Locational Characteristics, Special Characterstics
This document summarizes a presentation on water supply and waste management. It discusses the requirements of a good distribution system, including maintaining water quality and pressure. It describes different types of distribution networks like dead-end, radial, and gridiron systems. It also discusses water storage and pressurization methods. Finally, it covers domestic service connections, metering, and recommended daily water consumption for different building types.
Urban rail transit is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or suburban areas. The set of urban rail systems can be roughly subdivided into the following categories, which sometimes overlap because some systems or lines have aspects of multiple types.
urban railway system
railway transportation system
history of railway transportation
importance of railway transportation
railway transportation in ghana
urban rail transport
This document discusses railway signaling and communication systems in India. It provides background on Indian Railways, the largest commercial employer in the world. It then describes different types of railway signaling such as block signaling and color light signaling used to safely direct train traffic. Interlocking systems using mechanical and electrical devices are also discussed to prevent conflicting train movements. The document concludes by covering various wired and wireless communication systems used by Indian Railways including microwave transmission, overhead lines, and optical fiber networks.
This PPT is very useful for the beginners interested for Metro Railway signalling system. It covers an overview of Signalling from fixed block to CBTC moving block system. It also includes the importance of CBTC over fixed block.
This training report provides a summary of Vikanksh Nath's summer training internship at Delhi Metro Rail Corporation from June 6 to July 8, 2016, focusing on the traction system. It includes a certificate of completion signed by his mentor, Mr. Lokenendra Singh. The report then discusses the organizational structure of DMRC's power distribution system, including how it receives high voltage power and distributes it for traction and auxiliary uses. It provides an overview of the key components of DMRC's electric traction system, including the overhead equipment, power supply installations, and supervisory control and data acquisition systems.
* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT *
Stations and Yards of Railway powerpoint presentation in Transport Engineering.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
The document discusses the telecommunication systems used by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). It describes the key components which include fiber optic transmission, public information displays, public address systems, master clocks, CCTV, radio systems, and telephone exchanges. It focuses on the radio communication system, which uses TETRA technology. The radio system allows voice communication between train operators, station controllers in the Operational Control Center, and other staff via mobile and fixed radios installed across the DMRC network.
This project report analyzes the building services systems in an elderly center, including the mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. A literature review is provided on the components and functioning of each system. The report aims to gain an understanding of how the various service components integrate and operate within the building to provide safety, comfort and accessibility. The analysis is presented through diagrams and images supported by research on industry standards and requirements.
This document discusses the mechanical ventilation system used in SP Mall. It begins with an introduction to mechanical ventilation and the three common types used in Malaysia: extract, supply, and combination systems. SP Mall uses an extract system, which uses exhaust fans to remove stale air from inside the building, creating negative pressure to draw in fresh air from outside. The key components of the extract system discussed include supply air diffusers, propeller fans, return air grilles, ductwork, fire exhaust, and air handling units. Staircase pressurization systems are also analyzed in the context of building code requirements.
Air conditioning for large multistory buildingspnazila
Most large multistory buildings use centralized air conditioning equipment located on the roof or in the basement. The roof allows for fresh air intake and heat rejection while the basement provides easy utility connections and noise isolation. Common central air conditioning systems include central plants, variable air volume, terminal reheat, multizone, double duct, induction, and fan coil systems. Fan coil systems circulate air over hot or cold water coils in fan coil units located in individual zones to control temperature.
What is MRTS?
History
Role of Civil Engineers
Why MRTS?
Characteristics of MRTS
Network Design Parameters
Types of MRTS Networks
Types of MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit system
Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
Metro Rail Transit System
Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
Mono Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transport System
Impact
Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.
It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops.
It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time.
Brief Introduction of
* Purposes of railway station
* Site selection for railway station
* Requirements of railway station
* Classification of stations
* Classification of Yards
The document provides information on transportation engineering and railway engineering. It discusses the role of railways in transportation from economic, cultural, and political aspects. It then covers the history of railways in India from 1832 to present day. Key topics include gauges used in India, permanent way components like rails and fish plates, and manufacturing units.
This presentation summarizes the Indian railway signal system. It introduces the Indian railway network as the 4th largest in the world comprising over 115,000 km of track. It then describes the key components of the railway signaling system including block signals, fixed signals, mechanical signals, color light signals and cab signals. It also discusses interlocking systems which use mechanical and electrical devices to coordinate signaling and ensure safe train movements. The presentation concludes by covering communication systems used for train traffic control such as microwave transmission and optical fiber communication.
This document discusses ventilation systems in tunnels. There are various types of ventilation systems provided during tunnel construction and operation to remove dust and gases. Longitudinal ventilation systems move air longitudinally through the tunnel to exhaust pollutants from the construction area. Natural ventilation systems rely on air moving from one portal to another through the tunnel. Mechanical ventilation systems use electric fans and blowers to exhaust gases and blow fresh air through the tunnel. Proper ventilation is essential for worker safety by removing dust, smoke and gases during tunnel construction.
This document provides information on rapid transit systems in India. It discusses that rapid transit consists of bus, metro, monorail and light rail systems which generally operate on exclusive rights-of-way. The first rapid transit system in India was the Kolkata Metro in 1984. Growing populations in Indian cities have led to a shift from private to public transportation with metro rail lines now present in several major cities. Delhi Metro commenced operations in 2002 and now has over 140 stations with a total length of 193 kilometers. Bus Rapid Transit systems have also been implemented in cities like Pune and Delhi to provide fast, reliable public transportation.
Railway Signaling: Introduction to Signals, Objective of signals. Types of Signals, Operating Characteristics, Functional Characteristics, Locational Characteristics, Special Characterstics
This document summarizes a presentation on water supply and waste management. It discusses the requirements of a good distribution system, including maintaining water quality and pressure. It describes different types of distribution networks like dead-end, radial, and gridiron systems. It also discusses water storage and pressurization methods. Finally, it covers domestic service connections, metering, and recommended daily water consumption for different building types.
Urban rail transit is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or suburban areas. The set of urban rail systems can be roughly subdivided into the following categories, which sometimes overlap because some systems or lines have aspects of multiple types.
urban railway system
railway transportation system
history of railway transportation
importance of railway transportation
railway transportation in ghana
urban rail transport
This document discusses railway signaling and communication systems in India. It provides background on Indian Railways, the largest commercial employer in the world. It then describes different types of railway signaling such as block signaling and color light signaling used to safely direct train traffic. Interlocking systems using mechanical and electrical devices are also discussed to prevent conflicting train movements. The document concludes by covering various wired and wireless communication systems used by Indian Railways including microwave transmission, overhead lines, and optical fiber networks.
This PPT is very useful for the beginners interested for Metro Railway signalling system. It covers an overview of Signalling from fixed block to CBTC moving block system. It also includes the importance of CBTC over fixed block.
This training report provides a summary of Vikanksh Nath's summer training internship at Delhi Metro Rail Corporation from June 6 to July 8, 2016, focusing on the traction system. It includes a certificate of completion signed by his mentor, Mr. Lokenendra Singh. The report then discusses the organizational structure of DMRC's power distribution system, including how it receives high voltage power and distributes it for traction and auxiliary uses. It provides an overview of the key components of DMRC's electric traction system, including the overhead equipment, power supply installations, and supervisory control and data acquisition systems.
* DOWNLOAD AND PLAY IT IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT CAUSE IT CONTAINS ANIMATION AND CAN'T WATCH WITHOUT IT *
Stations and Yards of Railway powerpoint presentation in Transport Engineering.
This document discusses different types of air conditioning systems and their components. It describes window air conditioning systems, split air conditioning systems, centralized air conditioning systems, and packaged air conditioning systems. It also discusses new technologies like district cooling systems and chilled beam systems. The cooling cycle/refrigeration cycle is explained through its key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Requirements for coolants used in air conditioning systems are outlined.
The document discusses the telecommunication systems used by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). It describes the key components which include fiber optic transmission, public information displays, public address systems, master clocks, CCTV, radio systems, and telephone exchanges. It focuses on the radio communication system, which uses TETRA technology. The radio system allows voice communication between train operators, station controllers in the Operational Control Center, and other staff via mobile and fixed radios installed across the DMRC network.
This project report analyzes the building services systems in an elderly center, including the mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. A literature review is provided on the components and functioning of each system. The report aims to gain an understanding of how the various service components integrate and operate within the building to provide safety, comfort and accessibility. The analysis is presented through diagrams and images supported by research on industry standards and requirements.
This document discusses the mechanical ventilation system used in SP Mall. It begins with an introduction to mechanical ventilation and the three common types used in Malaysia: extract, supply, and combination systems. SP Mall uses an extract system, which uses exhaust fans to remove stale air from inside the building, creating negative pressure to draw in fresh air from outside. The key components of the extract system discussed include supply air diffusers, propeller fans, return air grilles, ductwork, fire exhaust, and air handling units. Staircase pressurization systems are also analyzed in the context of building code requirements.
The document provides details about the building services systems at Da Men Mall in Subang Jaya, including the mechanical air-conditioning system, fire protection system, vertical transportation system, and electricity generation and supply system. It describes the types of ventilation and air-conditioning used, including packaged units in the parking areas and a centralized system on the retail floors. Fire protection includes both active systems like detectors, alarms, and sprinklers as well as passive components like fire doors and emergency exits. Elevators and escalators are analyzed as the vertical transportation. The electricity is supplied from the TNB substation to switchboards and distributed to the building.
The document provides details about the building services systems at Da Men Mall in Subang Jaya, including the mechanical air-conditioning system, fire protection system, vertical transportation system, and electricity generation and supply system. It discusses the types of ventilation, air-conditioning, fire detection, suppression, and evacuation systems installed. Recommendations are provided to improve the mechanical and fire protection systems based on the analysis.
The document discusses and provides details on various building service systems, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, electrical supply, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. It includes sections on the introduction, functions, components, regulations, diagrams, and conclusions for each system. Case studies are presented on the implementation and documentation of these critical building systems.
The document provides an overview of various building service systems used in public buildings, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. It discusses the components, principles, and applications of these different systems. The document also analyzes these systems as applied to a proposed three-story elderly center located in Taman Kanangapuram, Malaysia.
The document provides an overview of various building service systems used in public buildings, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. It discusses the components, principles, and applications of these different systems. The document also analyzes these systems as applied to a proposed three-story elderly center located in Taman Kanangapuram, Malaysia.
The document provides an overview of various building service systems used in public buildings, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. It discusses the components, principles, and applications of these different systems. The document also analyzes these systems in the context of a proposed three-story elderly center located in Taman Kanangapuram, outlining the building details and intended use.
The document provides an overview of various building service systems used in public buildings, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. It discusses the components, principles, and applications of these different systems. The document also analyzes these systems in the context of a proposed three-story elderly center located in Taman Kanangapuram, outlining the building details and intended use.
This document provides an overview of various building properties and monitoring and control sub-systems that are important for operating smart buildings effectively. It discusses light control, temperature control, air quality monitoring, security, water monitoring, energy consumption monitoring, appliance control, and potential health monitoring. For each area, it describes the key components and functions, highlighting how monitoring and control can improve occupant comfort while increasing energy efficiency. The document is intended to provide foundational knowledge on building operations for trainees in a smart building operator training program.
What is MEPIn the construction world, MEP stands for “mechanical, electrical and plumbing.” MEP engineering is the science and art of planning, designing and managing the MEP systems of a building. MEP systems:MEP (Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing) covers the whole range of building services. Building services are the systems, installed in buildings that make them comfortable, functional, efficient, and safe. MEP systems are generally not part of the constructional elements of a building, but do interfere with the building envelope. Also, MEP components like piping and ducts can be integrated in (prefab) building elements
BSC (H) ARCHITECTURE DEGREE SEM 4 BUIDLING SERVICES REPORT FINAL jolynnTJL
The document provides a literature review and overview of various building service systems for an old folks home, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, fire protection, and mechanical transportation. It examines the mechanical ventilation system in sections on supply, balanced/combined, and exhaust ventilation. It also explores window and central air conditioning systems. Other sections outline passive and active fire protection systems and proposals for a hole-less hydraulic elevator and dumbwaiter. The document aims to demonstrate understanding of how these various service systems function and apply to the design of the elderly community center.
Guide HVAC Systems: Basics, How They Work, and HVAC TypesChandresh Chudasama
Explore the basics of HVAC systems, how they work, and the different types in this comprehensive guide on HVAC System Guide. HVAC, which is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning, is no less crucial than this, as it defines how heat is viewed and controlled in indoor spaces.
This document provides an overview of various building service systems, including mechanical ventilation, air conditioning, electrical supply, fire protection, and mechanical transportation systems. It includes literature reviews of each system that describe their functions and key components. Diagrams and case studies of each system from a building in Malaysia are also presented. The document aims to document and analyze different building service systems.
this ppt covers the entire control room in National Building Code of India which prescribe code of safety in NBC and design standards for planning control room. and rest of the missing data will fine in NBC, 2016
This document discusses the selection of Internet of Things (IoT) equipment for building automation and energy efficiency. It begins by revisiting common building monitoring and control subsystems like lighting, temperature, air quality, security, and water/energy use. It then proposes mapping these subsystems to IoT devices and components that can facilitate their needs. Examples of simple IoT-enabled building automation system architectures are provided. The document concludes by discussing potential application use cases and suggesting IoT equipment implementations to realize those uses cases. The overall goal is to optimize energy efficiency, comfort, cost-effectiveness, safety and sustainability through IoT-enabled smart building operations.
This conference paper outlines the emergency systems within a high rise building. It displays the different components of building services within a building, all working together in an emergency.
Building services include systems that make occupants comfortable, functional, efficient and safe, such as ventilation, air conditioning, water supply, drainage, plumbing and electrification. Ventilation involves supplying fresh air into a building and removing stale air. It is necessary to remove stale air, prevent concentration of odors and bacteria, and prevent buildup of flammable gases. Ventilation can be natural via openings, or mechanical using fans. Proper plumbing systems include water distribution, drainage, and sanitation to provide potable water and safely remove wastewater. Air conditioning cools, dehumidifies, filters and circulates air to maintain occupant health and comfort.
Dust collection systems are widely used in mineral processing plants to control dust and lower worker exposure. Local exhaust ventilation systems (LEVs) are commonly used to capture dust at the source through ductwork and transport it to filtering devices. This prevents dust from contaminating the plant atmosphere and workers. LEV systems use negative pressure to capture dust before it escapes processing operations. Key areas that generate dust include transfer points, specific processes like crushing and drying, operations with air displacement, and outdoor stockpiles disturbed by mining activities.
This document provides an overview of building services and ventilation systems. It discusses the basic systems installed in buildings to provide occupant comfort, including ventilation, air conditioning, water supply, drainage, plumbing and electrification. Ventilation is defined as supplying fresh air from outside and removing used air from inside. Natural ventilation relies on openings for air flow, while mechanical ventilation uses fans or other equipment. Proper ventilation is necessary to remove contaminated air, prevent odors and maintain comfortable temperatures and humidity. The document also covers plumbing systems for water supply and drainage.
Similar to Mechanical systems in metro system and engineering (20)
engagement of labors and labor & other construction related lawsShubhamSharma775952
The document discusses several important labour and construction laws in India, including the Industrial Disputes Act, Building and Other Construction Workers Act, and Real Estate Regulation and Development Act. It summarizes key aspects of each such as regulating industrial disputes, providing welfare measures for construction workers, establishing regulatory authorities, and protecting homebuyer interests. Collectively, these laws aim to promote harmonious labour relations, worker welfare, safety standards, and transparency in employment and real estate practices.
arbitration, conciliation and alternate dispute resolution methodsShubhamSharma775952
This document discusses arbitration, conciliation and alternative dispute resolution systems. It defines arbitration as a private dispute resolution process where parties agree to have their dispute decided by an impartial third party, the arbitrator, rather than going to court. Arbitration is preferred over litigation as it is less expensive, provides speedy resolution and is a simpler process. The document outlines different types of arbitrations based on jurisdiction and proceedings. It compares the Arbitration and Conciliation Act of 1996 to the Arbitration Act of 1940 and discusses key concepts such as arbitration agreements, appointment of arbitrators, and arbitration tribunals.
The document discusses various concepts related to contracts including the definition of a contract, essential elements of a valid contract, classification of contracts, joint ventures, and complex contract terminology. It provides details on the Indian Contract Act of 1872, general principles of contracts in India, tendering processes, and requests for proposals. Key points covered include the history and objectives of the Contract Act, types of contracts based on validity and performance, advantages of joint ventures, and considerations for negotiating complex contracts.
The document discusses various types of ethics including professional ethics, business ethics, engineering ethics, personal ethics, and corporate ethics. It provides definitions and examples of each type. Professional ethics refer to guiding principles that professionals in a field should follow, such as honesty and trustworthiness. Engineering ethics examines the moral obligations of engineers to society. Personal ethics are moral principles that guide an individual's personal life. Business ethics ensure fair treatment of employees and ethical business practices. Corporate ethics refer to a company's environmental, social, and economic responsibilities.
The document summarizes key rules and regulations pertaining to solid waste management, hazardous waste management, and bio-medical waste management in India.
It outlines definitions, responsibilities, and procedures for the management of municipal solid wastes as per the Municipal Solid Wastes Management Rules, 2016. These include requirements for collection, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid waste.
It also summarizes provisions of the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 regarding the management of hazardous waste by occupiers and state governments.
Finally, it provides an overview of the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, including duties of occupiers and operators, treatment and disposal
The document discusses sanitary landfills and solid waste management. It provides details on:
- Design considerations for landfills including cell geometry, leachate collection, landfill gas collection, and liners.
- Site selection process which considers size, technical/environmental factors, climate, and hydrology. Approval from authorities is also important.
- Construction details such as access roads, equipment shelters, scales, and topsoil stockpiles.
- Leachate collection systems to manage liquid extracted from waste.
- Landfill gas collection and venting systems to control gas movement.
- Final cover requirements including vegetation, drainage layers, barriers, and post-closure
Ion exchange is a reversible process where ions attached to an insoluble solid are exchanged for similar ions in solution. There are two main types of ion exchange methods: fixed-bed columns and continuous mixed suspension. Solidification and stabilization techniques mix contaminated soil with binding agents to immobilize pollutants and reduce their mobility. This process can take weeks or months to complete, with the time varying depending on factors like the size of the contaminated area, density of the soil, and weather conditions affecting treatment.
The document discusses various techniques for processing solid waste including incineration, baling, shredding, compaction, and separation of materials. The goals of processing are to improve waste management efficiency, recover useful materials like paper, plastic and metals, and recover energy through processes like incineration. Specific processing methods covered include mechanical volume reduction through compacting, chemical reduction through incineration, size reduction through shredding and grinding, and component separation techniques like air separation, magnetic separation and screening. The document also discusses drying and dewatering of waste, biochemical conversion through anaerobic digestion, and landfilling as a disposal method.
The document discusses solid waste management practices including storage, collection, transportation, and segregation of waste. It provides guidelines for proper storage of waste in durable containers with lids to prevent odors and pests. Waste should be collected regularly from designated areas using separate vehicles for different waste types. Source segregation of waste into categories like recyclables, organics, and non-recyclables is emphasized to facilitate efficient disposal and recycling.
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2. NEED FOR VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
The underground stations of the Metro Corridor are built in a confined space. A large number
of passengers occupy concourse halls and the platforms, especially at the peak hours. The
platform and concourse areas have a limited access from outside and do not have natural
ventilation. It is therefore, essential to provide forced ventilation in the stations and inside the
tunnel for the purpose of:
1. Supplying fresh air for the physiological needs of passengers and the authority’s staff;
2. Removing body heat, obnoxious odours and harmful gases like carbon dioxide exhaled
during breathing;
3. Preventing concentration of moisture generated by body sweat and seepage of water in
the sub-way;
4. Removing large quantity of heat dissipated by the train equipment like traction motors,
braking units, compressors mounted below the under-frame, lights and fans inside the
coaches, A/c units etc.;
5. Removing vapour and fumes from the battery and heat emitted by light fittings, water
coolers, Escalators, Fare Gates etc. working in the stations;
6. Removing heat from air conditioning plant and sub-station and other equipment, if
3. This large quantity of heat generated in M.R.T. underground stations cannot be extracted
by simple ventilation, especially when the outdoor air temperature and humidity is high.
It is, therefore, essential to provide mechanical cooling in order to remove the heat to
the maximum possible extent. As the passengers stay in the stations only for short
periods, a fair degree of comfort conditions are considered appropriate. In winter
months it may not be necessary to cool the ventilating air as the heat generated within
the station premises would be sufficient to maintain the comfort requirement.
4. ventilation system
The ventilation system in metro systems plays a crucial role in maintaining a comfortable and
safe environment for passengers and staff. It helps ensure proper air circulation, remove
pollutants, and control temperature and humidity levels within the metro tunnels and stations.
Metro ventilation systems typically consist of a combination of supply and exhaust fans
strategically placed throughout the system. The supply fans bring in fresh air from outside, while
the exhaust fans remove stale air and pollutants.
This continuous exchange of air helps maintain good air quality and prevents the buildup of
harmful substances. To further enhance air quality, some metro systems incorporate air filtration
systems. These filters help remove particulate matter, dust, and other pollutants, ensuring
cleaner air for passengers to breathe. The ventilation system also plays a critical role in
controlling temperature and humidity. It helps regulate the climate within the metro tunnels and
stations, ensuring a comfortable environment for passengers regardless of the weather
conditions outside. Overall, the ventilation system in metro systems is designed to provide a
pleasant and healthy experience for passengers by ensuring proper air circulation, pollutant
removal, and climate control.
5. The ventilation system in metro systems controls air quality through a combination of
mechanisms. First, it helps in the supply of fresh air from outside, ensuring a continuous flow
of clean air into the tunnels and stations. This helps dilute and remove any pollutants or stale
air that may be present.
Second, the ventilation system incorporates exhaust fans that remove the accumulated air,
pollutants, and any Odours from the tunnels and stations. By continuously extracting air, it
helps maintain a healthier and more pleasant environment for passengers and staff.
Additionally, some metro systems employ air filtration systems as part of their ventilation
system. These filters help capture and remove particulate matter, dust, allergens, and other
pollutants present in the air. This further improves the air quality within the metro system,
making it safer and more comfortable for everyone. So, the ventilation system controls air
quality by supplying fresh air, removing stale air and pollutants, and incorporating filtration
systems to ensure a clean and breathable environment in the metro tunnels and stations.
6. There are typically two types of ventilation systems used in metro
stations: natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation.
1. Natural ventilation relies on the natural airflow and pressure differences between the
inside and outside of the station. It involves the strategic placement of openings, such as
windows, vents, or shafts, to allow fresh air to enter and stale air to exit. Natural ventilation
is often used in open-air or semi-open-air stations, where the design takes advantage of
the surrounding environment to facilitate airflow.
2. Mechanical ventilation, on the other hand, utilizes mechanical equipment to control and
circulate the air within the station. This type of ventilation system includes fans, blowers,
and exhaust systems that actively move and exchange air. Mechanical ventilation is
commonly employed in underground or enclosed metro stations, where natural airflow is
limited or non-existent.
7. Station Air Conditioning
Air conditioning is an important aspect of ensuring comfort in metro stations and
buildings. It helps regulate the temperature and humidity levels, creating a pleasant
environment for passengers and staff. Metro stations often have air conditioning systems
installed to maintain a comfortable temperature throughout the year. These systems
work by cooling the air and removing excess humidity, creating a cool and dry
atmosphere inside the stations. This is especially important during hot summer months
or in regions with high humidity.
In addition to stations, certain buildings within the metro system, such as commercial or
service buildings, may also have their own air conditioning systems. These systems help
provide a comfortable environment for employees and visitors, ensuring a pleasant
experience. Overall, air conditioning systems play a vital role in maintaining a
comfortable and enjoyable atmosphere in metro stations and buildings, making the
commuting experience more pleasant for everyone.
8. How does air conditioning works
In metro stations, air conditioning works by using a combination of cooling and ventilation
systems. The air conditioning system typically consists of three main components: the
cooling unit, the ventilation system, and the controls. The cooling unit is responsible for
cooling the air. It usually involves a refrigeration system that uses a compressor, condenser,
evaporator, and refrigerant to extract heat from the air and lower its temperature. The cooled
air is then distributed throughout the station through a network of ducts and vents.
The ventilation system helps circulate the air and maintain a fresh environment. It involves
the use of fans and exhaust systems to bring in fresh air from outside and remove stale air
from within the station. This continuous airflow helps maintain good air quality and prevents
the buildup of odours or pollutants. The controls are used to regulate the temperature and
humidity levels in the station. They monitor and adjust the cooling and ventilation systems
based on the desired settings, ensuring a comfortable environment for passengers and staff.
By combining these components, the air conditioning system in metro stations helps
maintain a cool and pleasant atmosphere, even during hot and humid weather conditions. It
contributes to the overall comfort and convenience of passengers while they wait for their
trains or navigate through the station.
9.
10. fire control systems
In metro systems, fire control systems are of utmost importance to ensure the safety of passengers and
staff. These systems are designed to detect, control, and suppress fires that may occur within the metro
stations or trains. One common component of fire control systems is the fire detection system. It consists
of smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors strategically placed throughout the metro
stations and trains. These detectors are capable of sensing the presence of smoke, abnormal heat, or
flames, triggering an alarm to alert the authorities and passengers.
Another crucial component is the fire suppression system. This system includes fire extinguishers,
sprinkler systems, and fire hydrants strategically placed in metro stations and trains. In the event of a fire,
these systems can quickly suppress or extinguish the flames, helping to prevent the spread of fire and
minimize damage. Additionally, metro systems often have emergency evacuation plans and procedures in
place. These plans outline the steps to be taken in case of a fire, including the evacuation routes,
assembly points, and communication methods to ensure the safe evacuation of passengers and staff.
Overall, fire control systems in metro systems are designed to detect fires early, suppress them effectively,
and facilitate the safe evacuation of individuals. These systems are continuously monitored and
maintained to ensure their effectiveness in protecting the safety of everyone in the metro system
11. How fire control system works
The fire detection system in metro systems typically consists of various types of detectors strategically
placed throughout the stations and trains. These detectors are designed to sense different signs of a fire,
such as smoke, heat, or flames.
Smoke detectors are one of the primary components of the fire detection system. They are designed to
sense the presence of smoke particles in the air. When smoke is detected, the detectors send a signal to
the central control panel, which triggers an alarm to alert the authorities and passengers.
Heat detectors are another important part of the system. They are designed to monitor the temperature
in the metro stations and trains. If the temperature rises above a certain threshold, indicating a potential
fire, the heat detectors send a signal to the control panel, triggering the alarm.
Flame detectors are used to detect the presence of flames. They use specialized sensors to identify the
unique light patterns emitted by flames. When flames are detected, the flame detectors send a signal to
the control panel, activating the alarm. Once the fire detection system is triggered, the alarm alerts the
authorities and passengers, allowing them to take immediate action. It is important to note that the fire
detection system is continuously monitored and tested to ensure its reliability and effectiveness in
detecting fires as early as possible.
12. Here are some fire control systems used in
metros:
1. Gas fire suppression: This system continuously monitors fire-prone compartments. It
transmits data to a display in the driver's room and discharges extinguishing agents. The
system stores all data in a permanent memory, known as a black box.
2. Water mist system: This system is becoming the preferred fire protection for rail and
underground facilities, as well as road tunnels. Water mist can quickly suppress fire, smoke,
and heat, which can significantly improve life safety.
3. Fire fighting hoses: Fire hose cabinets are available at stations to handle large fires.
4. Emergency detrainment ramp: This is available in trains to evacuate passengers safely
during an emergency.
5. Fire alarm system: Small boxes with glass covers are placed near exit points. A person who
discovers a fire can use it to alert others.
6. Public address system: This system guides commuters in case of any emergency or fire.
13. Lifts and escalator
In metro systems, lifts (also known as elevators) and escalators play a crucial role in providing convenient
and efficient transportation for passengers. Lifts are vertical transportation devices that allow passengers
to move between different levels of metro stations. They are especially important for passengers with
mobility challenges or those carrying heavy luggage. Lifts in metro systems are designed to
accommodate a large number of people and are equipped with safety features to ensure passenger
safety.
Escalators, on the other hand, are moving staircases that transport passengers between different levels of
metro stations in a continuous upward or downward motion. They are designed to handle a high volume
of passengers and provide a smooth and efficient way to navigate the station.
Both lifts and escalators in metro systems undergo regular maintenance and inspections to ensure their
safe and reliable operation. It's important for passengers to follow safety guidelines and use these
transportation systems responsibly. So, whether you're taking a lift to go up or down a level or hopping
on an escalator for a quick ride, these transportation systems make traveling in metro systems more
convenient and accessible for everyone.
14.
15. Why there is need of Lifts and escalator in metro system?
Lifts and escalators are essential in metro systems for several reasons. Firstly, they provide accessibility
for passengers with mobility challenges, making it easier for them to navigate between different levels of
the metro stations. This inclusivity ensures that everyone can use the metro system comfortably.
Secondly, lifts and escalators improve the overall efficiency of the metro system by increasing passenger
flow. They allow for smoother and faster movement of passengers, especially during peak hours when
there is a high volume of people using the metro. This helps to reduce congestion and ensures a more
seamless travel experience.
Additionally, lifts and escalators enhance the overall safety and convenience of the metro system. They
provide an alternative to stairs, making it easier for passengers carrying heavy luggage, parents with
strollers, or individuals with injuries to move around the station. This promotes a more user-friendly
environment and reduces the risk of accidents or injuries. In summary, lifts and escalators are a vital part
of metro systems as they improve accessibility, enhance efficiency, and prioritize passenger safety and
convenience. They contribute to creating a more inclusive and seamless transportation experience for
everyone.