The content of presentation slides describe the concept of road safety auditing and its application starting from the planning of the road project until opening the road.
The content of presentation slides describe the concept of road safety auditing and its application starting from the planning of the road project until opening the road.
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
accident report for cars
form for accident report
blue report for accident
accident reports for nc
the best study method
effective study methods
causes of accidents
factors affecting accidents
how accident data are collected
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
this is a brief introduction to various traffic engineering basic characteristics which are useful in designing any corridor or passage with safety & reliability.
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
Highway Safety Power Point Presentation by Pankaj Pal.pptxPankaj Pal
In this PPT, I have tried to explain about highway safety. I hope this ppt will be helpful in giving you new information. Thank you 1. Under Guidance Mr. Krishna Kumar Assistant Professor of CE Dept. Name:- Pankaj Pal Branch:- CE 4th Year Project Name Highway Safety
2. Contents Introduction Rumble Strip Design of Road Side Junctions Traffic Signs
3. Introduction Purpose of Road Safety 1. Reduce no. of accidents 2. Safer journey 3. Increase quality of transit system 4. Maintain regular traffic flow
4. Rumble Strips Other names:- Sleeper lines or Alert strips Rumble strips are grooved patterns rolled or milled into the pavement perpendicular to the direction of Travel.
5. Types of Rumble Strips 1. Shoulder Rumble Strips Placed on highway shoulders along the edge of the travel lane, to prevent single vehicle run-off-the-road crashes.
6. Types of Rumble Strips 2. Centerline Rumble Strips Placed on or near the center line. To prevent head-on crashes and opposite direction sideswipe crashes. Prevent some crashes, when a driver veers across the center line.
7. Advantages of Rumble strips Alert drivers upon drifting or deviation. The reflective paint helps to increase visibility. Reduce the number of crashes.
8. Design of Road-Side Requirements:- 1. Provide Shoulder & Edge strip 2. Avoid sharper turns 3. Provide Emergency zones/lanes
9. Design of Road-Side Requirements:- 4. Free from Ditches 5. Proper Screeding
10. Design of Road-Side Requirements:- Super elevation = h = (Bv^2)/gR 6. Super elevation is not be too steep
11. Junctions A road junctions is a location where multiple roads intersect, allowing vehicular traffic to change from one road to another.
12. Junctions A road junction has to fulfill following requirement :- Visible Oversee-able Comprehensible Completeness
13. Traffic Signs Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side or above of the roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. Traffic signs generally :- Control the flow of traffic. Guide to destination. Informs roadway services.
14. Traffic Signs Traffic signs are intentionally color coded to assist the operator. In traffic signs, fluorencent material is used. Red Green Yellow Stop Direction Warning
15. Traffic Signs Black Blue Brown Regulation Motorist service (e.g., food, hotels, gas) Recreational, Historic, Scenic site Orange White & Construction or maintenance warning
16. Types of Signs Boards 1) Stop & Yield Sign Boards A STOP sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers to completely halt while YIELD means to slow down to at a point.
17. Types of Signs Boards 2) Warning Signs :- Alert to hazards or changing in conditions such as changes in road layout, proximity to a school zone, Sharp turns etc.
18. Types of Signs Boards 3) Guide Signs :- Indicates route markers, distance-and-destination signs, and informational signs.
Road Safety power point presentation by Pankaj Pal.pptxPankaj Pal
In this PPT, I have told about Road Safety. I hope this ppt will be helpful in giving you new information. Thank you.
1. Under Guidance Mr. Krishna Kumar (Assistant Professor of CE Dept) . Made By :- Pankaj Pal Branch:- CE 4th Year Roll No. :- 1903830000008 Project Name Road Safety
2. Contents Introduction Rumble Strip Design of Road Side Junctions Traffic Signs
3. Introduction Purpose of Road Safety 1. Reduce no. of accidents 2. Safer journey 3. Increase quality of transit system 4. Maintain regular traffic flow
4. Rumble Strips Other names:- Sleeper lines or Alert strips Rumble strips are grooved patterns rolled or milled into the pavement perpendicular to the direction of Travel.
5. Types of Rumble Strips 1. Shoulder Rumble Strips Placed on highway shoulders along the edge of the travel lane, to prevent single vehicle run-off-the-road crashes.
6. Types of Rumble Strips 2. Centerline Rumble Strips Placed on or near the center line. To prevent head-on crashes and opposite direction sideswipe crashes. Prevent some crashes, when a driver veers across the center line.
7. Advantages of Rumble strips Alert drivers upon drifting or deviation. The reflective paint helps to increase visibility. Reduce the number of crashes.
8. Design of Road-Side Requirements:- 1. Provide Shoulder & Edge strip 2. Avoid sharper turns 3. Provide Emergency zones/lanes
9. Design of Road-Side Requirements:- 4. Free from Ditches 5. Proper Screeding
10. Design of Road-Side Requirements:- Super elevation = h = (Bv^2)/gR 6. Super elevation is not be too steep
11. Junctions A road junctions is a location where multiple roads intersect, allowing vehicular traffic to change from one road to another.
12. Junctions A road junction has to fulfill following requirement :- Visible Oversee-able Comprehensible Completeness
13. Traffic Signs Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side or above of the roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. Traffic signs generally :- Control the flow of traffic. Guide to destination. Informs roadway services.
14. Traffic Signs Traffic signs are intentionally color coded to assist the operator. In traffic signs, fluorencent material is used. Red Green Yellow Stop Direction Warning
15. Traffic Signs Black Blue Brown Regulation Motorist service (e.g., food, hotels, gas) Recreational, Historic, Scenic site Orange White & Construction or maintenance warning
16. Types of Signs Boards 1) Stop & Yield Sign Boards A STOP sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers to completely halt while YIELD means to slow down to at a point.
17. Types of Signs Boards 2) Warning Signs :- Alert to hazards or changing in conditions such as changes
Traffic Study is “a study conducted during the development approval process to determine the impacts that traffic generated by the proposed development will have on the surrounding street network and the improvements needed to the transportation system in order to mitigate those impacts.”
New Development prone to generate traffic that may give rise to congestion, safety issues, therefore, it demands the need for infrastructure improvement such as new signalization, turn lanes, or crosswalks. Traffic impact studies (TIS) are a common planning tool used by development authorities, such as Building Control Authorities, to foresee demands and impacts on the transportation network and determine transportation improvements that may be necessary to accommodate new development. Traffic access and impact studies are also intended to maintain a satisfactory level of service and the appropriate access provisions for a proposed development.
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced.
Traffic signals are designed to ensure an orderly flow of traffic, provide an opportunity for pedestrians or vehicles to cross an intersection and help reduce the number of conflicts between vehicles entering intersections from different directions.
Improving Walkability, And Pedestrian Safety And ConvenienceArefeh Nasri
This is a presentation I prepared during my internship at Newark Housing Authority (NHA) for the research team of their project for making Newark neighborhoods more pedestrian-friendly.
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT ON "ROAD MARKING".
HELPFULL FOR CIVIL ENGINNEERING STUDENT FOR PREPARING REPORT.
TOPICS INCLUDED-
1. WHAT IS ROAD MARKING
2. FUNCTIONS OF ROAD MARKING
3. TYPES OF ROAD MARKING
4. IMPORTANCE OF ROAD MARKING
5. MAINTENANCE OF ROAD MARKING
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. INTRODUCTION
• Highway –
▫ A highway is a busy road with many lanes.
▫ Highways are usually the quickest route for
driving between one city and another.
▫ Highways are always considered public land, and
they're maintained by the respective authorities.
• Safety –
▫ Freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury,
danger, or loss. the quality of averting or not
causing injury, danger, or loss.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Highway safety –
▫ Highway safety refers to the methods and measures
used to prevent road users from being killed or
seriously injured.
▫ Why is it important?
Heavier traffic leads to likelihood of accidents occurring.
More than “1.3 million people die every year in a car
crash” while another “50 million people are injured or
disabled from crashes” in the world.
In fact, “car crashes are the 9th leading cause of death” in
the world.
4. INTRODUCTION
• Why road accidents are happening?
▫ Unawareness of road rules and regulations –
Over speed driving
Drink and drive
Sleeping on the wheel
▫ Road construction –
Oil spills
Improper road construction
▫ Vehicle defects –
High speed wheel burst
Etc…
5. INTRODUCTION
• Why safety measures are adopted?
▫ To reduce the number of accidents.
▫ For safer journey of travelers.
▫ Improve the traffic system.
▫ To increase the quality of transit system.
• How it is done?
▫ Adopt the safety measures described by the
authorities.
▫ It will be discussed further.
7. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
1. Cross Sections –
▫ It includes –
The pavement with the vehicle lanes, edge strip and
markings.
The emergency zone and obstacle free zone.
The embankments and cutting slopes.
The width of the cross section is determined by the
pavement related to the number of lanes.
The required width of the edge strip.
The shoulders and earthwork slopes and depth.
8. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
2. Rumble Strips –
To reduce the number and severity of roadway
departure crashes, or run-off-the-road and cross
center line crashes on 2-lane, rural, and undivided
roads.
9. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
2. Rumble Strips –
i. Shoulder rumble strips:
Placed on highway
shoulders along the edge of
the travel lane, to prevent
single vehicle run-off-the-
road-crashes.
ii. Center line rumble strips:
Placed on or near the center
line, to prevent head-on
crashes and opposite
direction sideswipe crashes.
They can also be helpful to
prevent some crashes when
a driver veers across the
center line.
iii. Advantages of Rumble
Strips –
Alert drivers upon
drifting or deviation.
The reflective pain helps
to increase visibility.
Reduce the number of
crashes.
10. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
3. Design of road side –
▫ It must comply the following essential
requirements:
The road must be free of ditches and screening
should be done properly.
Shoulders and edge strips must be provided.
Super elevations must not be too steep.
Avoid sharper turns.
Emergency lanes must be provided.
Wider obstacle free zones to reduce the risk in case
of road run-off accidents.
11. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
4. Junctions –
A road junction is a location where multiple roads
intersect, allowing vehicular traffic to change from
one road to another.
A road junction has to fulfill the following
requirements –
Visible
Overseeing possibility
Comprehensible
Completeness
12. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
5. Linear Villages –
A linear villages is that part of a transit road which
lies within a built up area.
Passing a road from public areas must comply with
the special safety needs:
Pedestrian safety
Speed reduction measures
Footpaths, side railings and shoulders
Avoid sharp turns and blind corners
13. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
6. Traffic calming road design
Intended to slow down the
traffic.
Used primarily as a safety
measure on low volume and
low speed roadways.
It may involve some physical
changes to the roadway that
slow traffic down.
The examples are as follows
–
Lane stripping
One way
Speed humps/breaks
Road Ahead closed
Pedestrian
crossings/crosswalks
Signal Phasing
14. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
7. Innovative interchange and intersection design
–
▫ Using innovative design interchanges and
intersections to help move large volumes of traffic
through limited amounts of space safety
efficiently.
▫ Following are the main types:
i. Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI)
ii. Echelon Interchange
iii. Single Point Interchange (SPI)
15. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
i. Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI)
This innovative interchange, sometimes called a "double
crossover diamond.“
Purpose:
▫ Increase capacity
▫ Safety
▫ Decrease congestion
▫ Minimize the cost of new infrastructure
Advantages
▫ Safety
▫ Greater capacity and efficiency
▫ Easy navigation
▫ Suitability
16. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
ii. Echelon Interchange
• This innovative interchange is designed to
accommodate two high-volume streets. An echelon
introduces a bridge, splitting traffic into two levels,
creating two separated intersections of one-way
streets. Because there is no opposing traffic for left
turns there is more green light time for all
movements
▫ Advantages
Safety
Greater capacity and efficiency
17. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
iii. Single Point Interchange
All traffic is controlled by a single set of traffic
signals located in the center of the intersection.
Reasons for considering SPI:
Better Safety
Greater capacity and efficiency than conventional
designs
Also accommodates large trucks.
Ease of Navigation
18. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
8. Traffic Signs
Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of
or above roads to give instructions or provide
information to road users.
Traffic signs generally
Control the flow of traffic
Warns about hazards ahead
Guide to destination
Informs roadway services.
Traffic signs are intentionally color coded to assist the
operator.
In traffic signs, fluorescent material is used.
19. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
Various sign boards are used, such as
i. Stop & Yield Sign Boards:
A STOP sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers to
completely halt while YIELD means to slow down to at a
point.
ii. Warning Signs:
Alerts to hazards or changing in conditions such as
changes in road layout, proximity to a school zone,
sharp turns etc.
iii. Guide signs:
i. Indicates route, markers, distance & destination signs,
and informational signs.
20. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
iv. Construction & Maintenance Road Work Warnings
▫ The work areas are protected from traffic by orange (or
yellow) warning signs during the construction or repairing
works.
▫ Help to guide pedestrians and vehicle traffic safely
through a work zone and past any hazards.
21. HIGHWAY SAFETY MEASURES ADOPTED
BY CIVIL ENGINEERS
9. Roundabouts
"A roundabout is a type of circular intersection or
junction in which road traffic flows almost
continuously in one direction around a central
point."
