Trade R outes Notes
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During the Medieval Period, major trading routes developed across Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the Silk Road, maritime routes in the Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan routes. These trading networks aided the spread of technology, culture, religions, and goods between different regions. Goods like spices, textiles, and porcelain were traded, and ideas such as paper, crops, and religions diffused widely. States and empires in Africa engaged in this trade and were influenced by other civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
African trading kingdoms
Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. The Empire of Ghana grew wealthy from taxing the trade between North and West Africa. The Empire of Mali later invaded Ghana and established control over the salt-gold trade, becoming enormously wealthy under Mansa Musa who went on Hajj to Mecca. His pilgrimage established Mali's wealth and prominence. The trading empires grew rich from controlling the trade routes and taxing the goods that passed through their territories.
West african kingdoms
West African Kingdoms. Virginia SOL USI.4c. This power point teaches students the importance of the African kingdoms during European exploration. Ghana, Mali, and Songhai each dominated West Africa in sequence from 300 to 1600 A.D. African people and African goods played an important role in European interest in world resources.
The three kingdoms of west africa
The Three Kingdoms of West Africa document summarizes the rise and fall of three major West African empires - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - between 500 AD to 1600 AD. It describes how Ghana grew wealthy through gold and salt trade across the Sahara desert until its decline in the 1200s due to attacks from North Africa and overgrazing. Mali then grew to power under Mansa Musa in the 1300s, spreading Islam and education. However, Mali fell after Timbuktu's schools and mosques were destroyed in the late 1400s. Finally, Songhai rebelled against Mali in the 1400s and rose to a great empire under Askia before being conquered by Morocco
African civilizations b
The document summarizes the history and culture of West Africa from approximately 1500 CE. It describes the Songhai Empire which dominated the region from 1464-1591 and later fell to invaders from Morocco. It also outlines the diverse ethnic groups and kingdoms of West Africa, the importance of Islam and trade, and the cultural traditions around oral history, art, music, and religion that flourished prior to European influence in the region.
2 2 west african kingdoms
The document summarizes the major West African trading kingdoms that developed between 400-1500 AD along the trans-Saharan trade routes. It discusses the Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which controlled the salt and gold trades between Northern Africa and the tropical forest regions. It also mentions the city-states of Ile-Ife and Benin in the forest region which grew wealthy through gold trading but were not Islamic. The empires rose to power by controlling the trade routes but later declined from invasions or internal weaknesses.
West African Kingdoms
The document summarizes three West African empires:
1) The Ghana Empire (750-1076) was founded by the Soninke people and ruled by a powerful king. It had a large army and controlled the gold and salt trade routes through a "silent barter system" without direct communication between traders.
2) The Mali Empire (1100-1400) was founded by Sundiata and expanded under powerful kings called Mansas. It converted to Islam and seized gold producing areas, controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes. Cities like Timbuktu became major trading hubs.
3) The Songhai Empire rose after 1464 under Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad. It encouraged Muslim
The Kingdoms Of West Africa
1) Several powerful West African kingdoms emerged between 800-1500 AD controlling trade routes across the Sahara and along coastal regions. These included the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which dominated gold and salt trade.
2) The kingdom of Mali rose to power under Mansa Musa who expanded its territory and converted to Islam, making pilgrimages that increased cultural and economic ties with other Muslim states.
3) Other major states included the Hausa city-states centered around Kano, the forest kingdom of Benin with its elaborate brass art, and the Songhai empire which briefly dominated the region until falling to invaders from Morocco in the 1500s.
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Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
African trading kingdoms
Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. The Empire of Ghana grew wealthy from taxing the trade between North and West Africa. The Empire of Mali later invaded Ghana and established control over the salt-gold trade, becoming enormously wealthy under Mansa Musa who went on Hajj to Mecca. His pilgrimage established Mali's wealth and prominence. The trading empires grew rich from controlling the trade routes and taxing the goods that passed through their territories.
West african kingdoms
West African Kingdoms. Virginia SOL USI.4c. This power point teaches students the importance of the African kingdoms during European exploration. Ghana, Mali, and Songhai each dominated West Africa in sequence from 300 to 1600 A.D. African people and African goods played an important role in European interest in world resources.
The three kingdoms of west africa
The Three Kingdoms of West Africa document summarizes the rise and fall of three major West African empires - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - between 500 AD to 1600 AD. It describes how Ghana grew wealthy through gold and salt trade across the Sahara desert until its decline in the 1200s due to attacks from North Africa and overgrazing. Mali then grew to power under Mansa Musa in the 1300s, spreading Islam and education. However, Mali fell after Timbuktu's schools and mosques were destroyed in the late 1400s. Finally, Songhai rebelled against Mali in the 1400s and rose to a great empire under Askia before being conquered by Morocco
African civilizations b
The document summarizes the history and culture of West Africa from approximately 1500 CE. It describes the Songhai Empire which dominated the region from 1464-1591 and later fell to invaders from Morocco. It also outlines the diverse ethnic groups and kingdoms of West Africa, the importance of Islam and trade, and the cultural traditions around oral history, art, music, and religion that flourished prior to European influence in the region.
2 2 west african kingdoms
The document summarizes the major West African trading kingdoms that developed between 400-1500 AD along the trans-Saharan trade routes. It discusses the Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which controlled the salt and gold trades between Northern Africa and the tropical forest regions. It also mentions the city-states of Ile-Ife and Benin in the forest region which grew wealthy through gold trading but were not Islamic. The empires rose to power by controlling the trade routes but later declined from invasions or internal weaknesses.
West African Kingdoms
The document summarizes three West African empires:
1) The Ghana Empire (750-1076) was founded by the Soninke people and ruled by a powerful king. It had a large army and controlled the gold and salt trade routes through a "silent barter system" without direct communication between traders.
2) The Mali Empire (1100-1400) was founded by Sundiata and expanded under powerful kings called Mansas. It converted to Islam and seized gold producing areas, controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes. Cities like Timbuktu became major trading hubs.
3) The Songhai Empire rose after 1464 under Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad. It encouraged Muslim
The Kingdoms Of West Africa
1) Several powerful West African kingdoms emerged between 800-1500 AD controlling trade routes across the Sahara and along coastal regions. These included the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which dominated gold and salt trade.
2) The kingdom of Mali rose to power under Mansa Musa who expanded its territory and converted to Islam, making pilgrimages that increased cultural and economic ties with other Muslim states.
3) Other major states included the Hausa city-states centered around Kano, the forest kingdom of Benin with its elaborate brass art, and the Songhai empire which briefly dominated the region until falling to invaders from Morocco in the 1500s.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
The Rise Of African Civilization
The document discusses the rise of civilization in Africa between 800-1500 CE. Powerful trading empires developed in eastern and western Africa, connecting the continent to global trade networks. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai arose in West Africa, controlling gold and salt trade routes and growing into powerful states. In East Africa, the Kingdom of Axum developed along the Red Sea, linking Africa to trade with India and the Mediterranean. African societies maintained strong family, village, and religious traditions while absorbing influences from global connections through trade.
Culture and kingdoms of west africa
The document provides information about four ancient African civilizations: Ghana, Nubia, Mali, and Songhay. It describes the origins, locations, trade networks, religions, leaders, and declines of each civilization. Ghana developed along the Niger and Gambia Rivers between 300-1100 AD and grew wealthy through trade and taxing traders. Nubia existed along the Nile River in modern-day Sudan and had cultural similarities to Egypt. Powerful kings led Mali to expand after 1200 AD, and Mansa Musa made it extremely wealthy through gold trade. Songhay rose after Mali declined and also relied on trade centers like Timbuktu and Gao for wealth, before being conquered by Morocco in the
Lesson 2 Kingdoms and Empires
The document discusses several major kingdoms and empires in Africa, including Aksum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kilwa, and Zimbabwe. It explains that these civilizations rose to power through control of trade networks, especially the trade of gold and salt. As trade brought wealth and new ideas, many African societies integrated aspects of Islam and Arab culture while also developing powerful city-states of their own. Overall, strategic control of trade routes and the taxation of goods was a major source of power for many kingdoms and empires across Africa over time.
African kingdoms
The document provides information about four ancient African kingdoms:
1) Ghana was a powerful kingdom located in West Africa between 1000-1100 AD that grew rich through trade along rivers and taxing traders.
2) Mali rose to power after Ghana's decline, led by the powerful king Mansa Musa in the 1300s AD who built mosques and spread Islam through West Africa.
3) Nubia was located along the Nile River in northern Africa and shared cultural traits with ancient Egypt, building pyramids as tombs but on a smaller scale.
4) Songhay conquered Mali's lands in the 1400s AD under Sunni Ali and became a wealthy kingdom centered in Timbukt
Geography & Early West Africa
The document summarizes key aspects of early West African geography, resources, way of life, and trade. It describes the varied climates and crops of West Africa, including dates, kola nuts, and grains. Gold was mined from the rainforest and salt came from the Sahara Desert, which was important for food preservation. Most West Africans lived in extended families and had gender roles where men hunted and farmed and women managed domestic duties. They also practiced animism and ancestor worship. The discovery of ironworking in 500 BC improved farming. Wealthy kingdoms arose due to gold and salt mining and trade over land and Saharan routes of these resources to North Africa and beyond.
Ancient Kingdoms Of West Africa
The three major West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay prospered from trade. Ghana lasted from 750-1075 AD as a prominent trading hub of gold. Mali then rose to power from 1200-1500 AD under Mansa Musa, becoming the second largest empire after Mongolia. Songhay broke away from Mali in 1350 and expanded along the Niger River until internal revolts caused its fall in 1600. These kingdoms grew powerful through their strategic positions facilitating trade between Africa, Europe, and Asia.
African kingdoms
The document summarizes several ancient African kingdoms and civilizations. It describes how the Ghana Empire was located along important trade routes between salt mines in the Sahara and gold mines in West Africa, facilitating a lucrative gold and salt trade. It then discusses the Mali Empire under the rule of Mansa Musa, who established Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning. Next, it outlines the Songhai Empire which expanded trade further and established an organized bureaucracy. In East Africa, it summarizes the Shona kingdom centered around Great Zimbabwe and their rise through cattle herding and gold mining. It also describes the Swahili city-states along the East African coast that connected African trade with Arabia, India, and beyond.
Gold salt trade
Africa traded gold for salt with Arabia due to geographic and health factors. Africans needed salt to survive hot climates where they lost salt through sweat, while gold was common but useless in Africa. This made Africans willing to trade gold for salt. The location of Ghana along trade routes between salt and gold sources contributed to its growth as a powerful empire, though its influence decreased as residents converted to Islam after the city was divided between African and Muslim sections. Mali rose as an empire as it embraced Islam, with the ruler Mansa Musa gaining fame during a hajj pilgrimage that spread knowledge of Mali.
African Kingdoms
This document provides information about kingdoms and civilizations in Africa, including those located in sub-Saharan and northeast Africa as well as along the trans-Saharan trade route. It details the Kush kingdom in Nubia along the Nile River from 800 BCE to 300 CE, the Axum kingdom in Ethiopia from 300-800 CE, and the Great Zimbabwe kingdom in southern Africa from 1300-1450 CE. It also describes the West African kingdoms of Ghana from 300-1200 CE centered around Kumbi Saleh, Mali from 1200-1500 CE with Timbuktu as its capital, and Songhai from the 1500s CE which continued the traditions of its predecessors.
West African Kingdoms
The document summarizes three West African empires between 750-1600 CE. The Ghana Empire from 750-1076 CE was founded by the Soninke people and ruled by a powerful king with a large army. It was a commercially-based empire that controlled gold and salt trade routes. The Mali Empire from 1100-1400 CE was founded by Sundiata and ruled by the Mansa kings. It expanded through conquest, appointed governors, and converted to Islam which increased trade and prominence. The Songhai Empire from 1464-1600 CE gained power through war under Sunni Ali and organized provinces under Askia Muhammad based on Islamic law. It controlled the gold and salt trade with Timbuktu as a major economic and
The Empire of Ghana
The Empire of Ghana existed from 300-1267 CE in West Africa. It grew wealthy by controlling gold trade from the southern rainforests and salt trade from the northern Sahara desert. Ghana's capital, Koumbi Saleh, was located at a strategic crossroads of major trade routes, allowing the kingdom to tax caravans and expand its wealth and borders into an empire. Islamic beliefs from northern traders influenced Ghana's upper class and government, though traditional beliefs were also maintained, contributing to a blending of cultures through trade. However, attacks from the Muslim Almoravids eventually weakened Ghana's trade network and led to its decline.
Kingdoms and trading_states_of_africa
The document provides an overview of the history and geography of Africa. It discusses the major climate regions including the Sahara desert and savannas. It describes how civilizations developed along major rivers like the Nile and Niger. Key events discussed include the Bantu migrations, rise of powerful kingdoms like Mali and Songhai in West Africa, the Aksum civilization in East Africa, and the city-state of Great Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. The document also outlines the influences and spread of religions like Christianity, Islam, and how cultural blending occurred.
Empire Of Mali
This slide show aims to draw connections between the empire of Mali at the height of its power under Mansa Musa, and modern day Mali. There are several topics presented, and there is room from inquiry throughout the slide show. I used photos from my travels throughout Mali and to Timbuktu. The slides also correspond with the Mansa Musa Readers Theatre, but it is not essential for you to have this in order to find the slide show accessible.
2 Ghana Empire Su2014
Complex civilization in the Sahel and the gold trade. Establishment of settlements in the Sahel based on cultivation of millet, trade in copper and trade in gold.
The Empire of Songhai
Sunni Ali expanded the Songhai Empire after being asked to overthrow the Berbers ruling Timbuktu in 1468. His son became ruler after his death but was then overthrown by Askia Muhammad in 1493, who organized Songhai's government into provinces and increased its trade. Askia Muhammad's successors were weak, allowing Moroccan forces to capture northern cities and salt mines, leading to the empire's collapse, though everyday life continued as normal for most West Africans.
2 3 east africa's great trading centers
The Kingdom of Aksum became a major trading center in northeast Africa along the Red Sea in the 1st century AD by trading African ivory. In the 4th century AD, King Ezana converted to Christianity and made it the official religion. However, Muslim invaders from Arabia attacked in the 7th century, weakening Aksum's control of trade. Ethiopia remained predominantly Christian while surrounding areas converted to Islam. Between the 12th and 13th centuries, King Lalibela ordered the construction of famous rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia. Other major trading city-states like Kilwa and Great Zimbabwe emerged along Africa's east coast and became wealthy through trade and natural resources like gold.
Ancient african civilization
Ancient African Civilizations such as Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai and the Bantu peoples flourished between 750 BCE to 1500CE. They developed complex societies, economies and trade networks across diverse geographical zones in Africa. Major trading empires like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the trade of gold, salt and other goods. States such as Great Zimbabwe emerged in Southern Africa and traded gold with Swahili port cities on the East Coast.
West African Civilizations [PDF]
The kings of Ghana became wealthy by taxing salt and controlling the price of gold. They taxed salt heavily as it was traded across the Sahara Desert. They also kept the location of gold mines secret to keep gold prices high and only allowed people to own gold dust, not large nuggets. Ghana's empire declined after losing a war to the Almoravids, which weakened the kingdom and led to internal rebellions. The Mali Empire then rose to power under Sundiata and grew greatly wealthy under Mansa Musa as he expanded the empire and promoted Islam. However, Mali later declined and the Songhai Empire formed, becoming powerful under Sunni Ali before Askia Muhammad rose to lead a successful
African Trading States And Kingdoms
1. Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. Kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy from taxing this trade and controlling the gold mines of West Africa.
2. Trading city-states emerged in East Africa due to their access to the Indian Ocean trade routes. Cities like Kilwa grew rich exporting goods like gold, ivory, and slaves to Arabia, India, and beyond.
3. Cultural diffusion spread between Africa, the Middle East, and Asia along these trade routes. Islam spread significantly and great cities like Timbuktu became centers of Islamic learning.
Trade Routes and Cultural Diffusion
Major trade routes developed between Europe, Africa, and Asia during the medieval period, facilitating the exchange of goods like spices, silk, textiles, and porcelain. These trading networks also spread cultural and technological innovations, including paper from China, new crops from India, navigation techniques, and major world religions across vast regions of Afro-Eurasia. Regional trade and long-distance commerce thus connected distant societies and aided the diffusion of ideas, beliefs, and innovations across the Eastern Hemisphere.
The silk road.pptx
The Silk Road was an overland trade route between Asia and Europe that was established during the Han dynasty in China. It allowed for the exchange of goods like silk, tea, spices, and gold from China to Central Asia and Europe in return for goods like fur, horses, and other materials. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road facilitated the spread of ideas, religions, and culture between civilizations along its routes. It declined in the 7th century CE as sea routes replaced the overland path for being faster and safer for trade between Asia and Europe.
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African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
The Rise Of African Civilization
The document discusses the rise of civilization in Africa between 800-1500 CE. Powerful trading empires developed in eastern and western Africa, connecting the continent to global trade networks. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai arose in West Africa, controlling gold and salt trade routes and growing into powerful states. In East Africa, the Kingdom of Axum developed along the Red Sea, linking Africa to trade with India and the Mediterranean. African societies maintained strong family, village, and religious traditions while absorbing influences from global connections through trade.
Culture and kingdoms of west africa
The document provides information about four ancient African civilizations: Ghana, Nubia, Mali, and Songhay. It describes the origins, locations, trade networks, religions, leaders, and declines of each civilization. Ghana developed along the Niger and Gambia Rivers between 300-1100 AD and grew wealthy through trade and taxing traders. Nubia existed along the Nile River in modern-day Sudan and had cultural similarities to Egypt. Powerful kings led Mali to expand after 1200 AD, and Mansa Musa made it extremely wealthy through gold trade. Songhay rose after Mali declined and also relied on trade centers like Timbuktu and Gao for wealth, before being conquered by Morocco in the
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The document discusses several major kingdoms and empires in Africa, including Aksum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kilwa, and Zimbabwe. It explains that these civilizations rose to power through control of trade networks, especially the trade of gold and salt. As trade brought wealth and new ideas, many African societies integrated aspects of Islam and Arab culture while also developing powerful city-states of their own. Overall, strategic control of trade routes and the taxation of goods was a major source of power for many kingdoms and empires across Africa over time.
African kingdoms
The document provides information about four ancient African kingdoms:
1) Ghana was a powerful kingdom located in West Africa between 1000-1100 AD that grew rich through trade along rivers and taxing traders.
2) Mali rose to power after Ghana's decline, led by the powerful king Mansa Musa in the 1300s AD who built mosques and spread Islam through West Africa.
3) Nubia was located along the Nile River in northern Africa and shared cultural traits with ancient Egypt, building pyramids as tombs but on a smaller scale.
4) Songhay conquered Mali's lands in the 1400s AD under Sunni Ali and became a wealthy kingdom centered in Timbukt
Geography & Early West Africa
The document summarizes key aspects of early West African geography, resources, way of life, and trade. It describes the varied climates and crops of West Africa, including dates, kola nuts, and grains. Gold was mined from the rainforest and salt came from the Sahara Desert, which was important for food preservation. Most West Africans lived in extended families and had gender roles where men hunted and farmed and women managed domestic duties. They also practiced animism and ancestor worship. The discovery of ironworking in 500 BC improved farming. Wealthy kingdoms arose due to gold and salt mining and trade over land and Saharan routes of these resources to North Africa and beyond.
Ancient Kingdoms Of West Africa
The three major West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay prospered from trade. Ghana lasted from 750-1075 AD as a prominent trading hub of gold. Mali then rose to power from 1200-1500 AD under Mansa Musa, becoming the second largest empire after Mongolia. Songhay broke away from Mali in 1350 and expanded along the Niger River until internal revolts caused its fall in 1600. These kingdoms grew powerful through their strategic positions facilitating trade between Africa, Europe, and Asia.
African kingdoms
The document summarizes several ancient African kingdoms and civilizations. It describes how the Ghana Empire was located along important trade routes between salt mines in the Sahara and gold mines in West Africa, facilitating a lucrative gold and salt trade. It then discusses the Mali Empire under the rule of Mansa Musa, who established Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning. Next, it outlines the Songhai Empire which expanded trade further and established an organized bureaucracy. In East Africa, it summarizes the Shona kingdom centered around Great Zimbabwe and their rise through cattle herding and gold mining. It also describes the Swahili city-states along the East African coast that connected African trade with Arabia, India, and beyond.
Gold salt trade
Africa traded gold for salt with Arabia due to geographic and health factors. Africans needed salt to survive hot climates where they lost salt through sweat, while gold was common but useless in Africa. This made Africans willing to trade gold for salt. The location of Ghana along trade routes between salt and gold sources contributed to its growth as a powerful empire, though its influence decreased as residents converted to Islam after the city was divided between African and Muslim sections. Mali rose as an empire as it embraced Islam, with the ruler Mansa Musa gaining fame during a hajj pilgrimage that spread knowledge of Mali.
African Kingdoms
This document provides information about kingdoms and civilizations in Africa, including those located in sub-Saharan and northeast Africa as well as along the trans-Saharan trade route. It details the Kush kingdom in Nubia along the Nile River from 800 BCE to 300 CE, the Axum kingdom in Ethiopia from 300-800 CE, and the Great Zimbabwe kingdom in southern Africa from 1300-1450 CE. It also describes the West African kingdoms of Ghana from 300-1200 CE centered around Kumbi Saleh, Mali from 1200-1500 CE with Timbuktu as its capital, and Songhai from the 1500s CE which continued the traditions of its predecessors.
West African Kingdoms
The document summarizes three West African empires between 750-1600 CE. The Ghana Empire from 750-1076 CE was founded by the Soninke people and ruled by a powerful king with a large army. It was a commercially-based empire that controlled gold and salt trade routes. The Mali Empire from 1100-1400 CE was founded by Sundiata and ruled by the Mansa kings. It expanded through conquest, appointed governors, and converted to Islam which increased trade and prominence. The Songhai Empire from 1464-1600 CE gained power through war under Sunni Ali and organized provinces under Askia Muhammad based on Islamic law. It controlled the gold and salt trade with Timbuktu as a major economic and
The Empire of Ghana
The Empire of Ghana existed from 300-1267 CE in West Africa. It grew wealthy by controlling gold trade from the southern rainforests and salt trade from the northern Sahara desert. Ghana's capital, Koumbi Saleh, was located at a strategic crossroads of major trade routes, allowing the kingdom to tax caravans and expand its wealth and borders into an empire. Islamic beliefs from northern traders influenced Ghana's upper class and government, though traditional beliefs were also maintained, contributing to a blending of cultures through trade. However, attacks from the Muslim Almoravids eventually weakened Ghana's trade network and led to its decline.
Kingdoms and trading_states_of_africa
The document provides an overview of the history and geography of Africa. It discusses the major climate regions including the Sahara desert and savannas. It describes how civilizations developed along major rivers like the Nile and Niger. Key events discussed include the Bantu migrations, rise of powerful kingdoms like Mali and Songhai in West Africa, the Aksum civilization in East Africa, and the city-state of Great Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. The document also outlines the influences and spread of religions like Christianity, Islam, and how cultural blending occurred.
Empire Of Mali
This slide show aims to draw connections between the empire of Mali at the height of its power under Mansa Musa, and modern day Mali. There are several topics presented, and there is room from inquiry throughout the slide show. I used photos from my travels throughout Mali and to Timbuktu. The slides also correspond with the Mansa Musa Readers Theatre, but it is not essential for you to have this in order to find the slide show accessible.
2 Ghana Empire Su2014
Complex civilization in the Sahel and the gold trade. Establishment of settlements in the Sahel based on cultivation of millet, trade in copper and trade in gold.
The Empire of Songhai
Sunni Ali expanded the Songhai Empire after being asked to overthrow the Berbers ruling Timbuktu in 1468. His son became ruler after his death but was then overthrown by Askia Muhammad in 1493, who organized Songhai's government into provinces and increased its trade. Askia Muhammad's successors were weak, allowing Moroccan forces to capture northern cities and salt mines, leading to the empire's collapse, though everyday life continued as normal for most West Africans.
2 3 east africa's great trading centers
The Kingdom of Aksum became a major trading center in northeast Africa along the Red Sea in the 1st century AD by trading African ivory. In the 4th century AD, King Ezana converted to Christianity and made it the official religion. However, Muslim invaders from Arabia attacked in the 7th century, weakening Aksum's control of trade. Ethiopia remained predominantly Christian while surrounding areas converted to Islam. Between the 12th and 13th centuries, King Lalibela ordered the construction of famous rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia. Other major trading city-states like Kilwa and Great Zimbabwe emerged along Africa's east coast and became wealthy through trade and natural resources like gold.
Ancient african civilization
Ancient African Civilizations such as Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai and the Bantu peoples flourished between 750 BCE to 1500CE. They developed complex societies, economies and trade networks across diverse geographical zones in Africa. Major trading empires like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the trade of gold, salt and other goods. States such as Great Zimbabwe emerged in Southern Africa and traded gold with Swahili port cities on the East Coast.
West African Civilizations [PDF]
The kings of Ghana became wealthy by taxing salt and controlling the price of gold. They taxed salt heavily as it was traded across the Sahara Desert. They also kept the location of gold mines secret to keep gold prices high and only allowed people to own gold dust, not large nuggets. Ghana's empire declined after losing a war to the Almoravids, which weakened the kingdom and led to internal rebellions. The Mali Empire then rose to power under Sundiata and grew greatly wealthy under Mansa Musa as he expanded the empire and promoted Islam. However, Mali later declined and the Songhai Empire formed, becoming powerful under Sunni Ali before Askia Muhammad rose to lead a successful
African Trading States And Kingdoms
1. Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. Kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy from taxing this trade and controlling the gold mines of West Africa.
2. Trading city-states emerged in East Africa due to their access to the Indian Ocean trade routes. Cities like Kilwa grew rich exporting goods like gold, ivory, and slaves to Arabia, India, and beyond.
3. Cultural diffusion spread between Africa, the Middle East, and Asia along these trade routes. Islam spread significantly and great cities like Timbuktu became centers of Islamic learning.
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Similar to Trade R outes Notes
Trade Routes and Cultural Diffusion
Major trade routes developed between Europe, Africa, and Asia during the medieval period, facilitating the exchange of goods like spices, silk, textiles, and porcelain. These trading networks also spread cultural and technological innovations, including paper from China, new crops from India, navigation techniques, and major world religions across vast regions of Afro-Eurasia. Regional trade and long-distance commerce thus connected distant societies and aided the diffusion of ideas, beliefs, and innovations across the Eastern Hemisphere.
The silk road.pptx
The Silk Road was an overland trade route between Asia and Europe that was established during the Han dynasty in China. It allowed for the exchange of goods like silk, tea, spices, and gold from China to Central Asia and Europe in return for goods like fur, horses, and other materials. In addition to economic trade, the Silk Road facilitated the spread of ideas, religions, and culture between civilizations along its routes. It declined in the 7th century CE as sea routes replaced the overland path for being faster and safer for trade between Asia and Europe.
Unit 2 Overview
From 600-1450 CE:
- Major world religions like Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism spread widely through trade and missionaries, influencing many cultures and setting religious boundaries.
- The Islamic empires expanded greatly, spreading across the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Central Asia, and India. Other religions like Buddhism and Christianity also increased their reach.
- Trade networks grew significantly, spreading luxury goods, ideas, inventions, and knowledge systems like mathematics and astronomy across Afro-Eurasia. This laid the foundations for later global connections and exchanges.
- Powerful states and civilizations rose and declined over the period, including the Mayans, Aztecs, Incas, African kingdoms, Chinese
Why did Europeans explore the world?
Europeans explored the world during the Age of Exploration for several key reasons: to find a sea route to Asia to access lucrative spices more easily; to obtain gold, silver, and precious stones to fund expensive wars; to expand their geographical and scientific knowledge of distant lands; to spread Christianity to new regions; and to establish larger colonial empires and claim more territory and resources.
History of spices and herbs
Spices have been traded for thousands of years along routes connecting South Asia, the Middle East, and East Asia. Arab and Indian merchants facilitated land routes through the Middle East and India, while Indonesian merchants traveled throughout Asia and East Africa. The Portuguese took control of sea routes in the 15th century, reducing Europe's reliance on Venetian merchants for spices. The discovery of the Americas in the late 15th century introduced new spices like vanilla, chili peppers, and chocolate to Europe. Today, India and Indonesia are the largest exporters of spices, with pepper being the most widely traded.
Period 4 review14501750
This document provides an overview of world history from 1450-1750, covering major empires and developments across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. It discusses the rise of absolutism, global trade networks, coercive labor systems, and religious rivalries during this period. Specific empires and regions highlighted include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, western European powers, African kingdoms, Russian states, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas.
5 - indian ocean trade and ideas ppt
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Afch02
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This document summarizes trade networks that developed across different regions between 500-1500 CE. It discusses the Silk Roads that connected China, India, the Middle East and Mediterranean societies, facilitating the spread of goods, cultures and diseases. It also describes the Indian Ocean trade network enabled by monsoon winds, and the key role of India. Major port cities emerged in Southeast Asia and East Africa engaged in the lucrative Indian Ocean trade. In West Africa, trans-Saharan trade routes developed using camels, connecting the Mediterranean world with West African empires involved in the gold trade. The Americas had more localized trade due to geographic barriers, but states like the Maya, Aztec and Inca developed important trade networks within their regions.
The making of a global world
The document discusses how the world became increasingly globalized over time through various historical processes. It describes how trade routes like the Silk Road facilitated early cultural exchange across Asia and trade between Asia and Europe. It also discusses how European conquest and colonization in the 16th century, along with the spread of new crops and foods, helped integrate different regions and reshape global trade patterns and societies. The industrial revolution, innovations in technology and transportation further accelerated global integration in the 19th century.
Term1 unit1part2
Changes in Europe and the world lead to The Age of European Exploration
European exploration impacts the world
Chapter 2.2 2.4
Native cultures across North America shared some common traits, such as a deep respect for nature and belief in maintaining balance. They were also diverse, with different environments and livelihoods. For example, the Anasazi built houses out of adobe in the dry Southwest, while the Iroquois formed a political alliance in the woodlands of New York. Trade networks also connected cultures across Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe during this time period. The rise of Islam spread religion and language along trade routes like the Silk Road. In Europe, Greeks developed democracy while the Roman Empire spread through law and a common Latin language. The Crusades and later explorers like da Gama opened new trade opportunities between Europe and Asia
Euro expansion, etc 1450 1750
Between 1450-1750, Europeans began extensively exploring, trading, conquering, and colonizing other parts of the world. This was enabled by technological improvements in navigation instruments and ship designs, as well as motivations for profit and spreading Christianity. Key events included Portuguese exploration along the African coast beginning in 1415, Columbus reaching the Americas in 1492, and Vasco de Gama sailing around Africa to India between 1497-1498. Europeans began establishing political and economic control in Asia, Africa and the Americas, significantly influencing societies in the latter through conquest and slave labor. This era marked the beginning of globalization and the world shrinking through the increased exchange of goods, crops, livestock and diseases between hemispheres.
Ch2 Explorations of Asia
This document provides an overview of European exploration and encounters with Africa and Asia between 1415-1796. It discusses how the search for spices by Europeans led to the age of exploration, including early Portuguese voyages along the coast of Africa and Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1497. It also summarizes the rise and fall of several African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes, as well as coastal trading kingdoms in West and Southern Africa.
1450-1750 Global Commerce Intro
This document summarizes global trade patterns between 1450-1750. It outlines how the demand for silver in China and new silver mines in Spanish America and Japan led to the rise of global trade. It also discusses how the transatlantic slave trade transported enslaved people from West Africa to plantations in the Americas. Additionally, it mentions the fur trade exporting luxury furs from Russia and North America. Finally, it provides brief overviews of the Japanese isolation, various European trading empires, and includes a note to create a map labeling major trade routes and territories of different empires during this time period.
Introduction to african history, culture and society
This document provides an overview of the history, politics, economics, and cultures of Africa from ancient times to the present. It discusses the rise and fall of major West African empires from Ghana to Mali. It also describes the Bantu migration, the establishment of southern African kingdoms like Great Zimbabwe, and European colonialism from the 15th century onward. The document summarizes traditional African religions, the influence of Christianity and Islam, and the religious diversity of modern South Africa. It profiles several indigenous tribes such as the Maasai, Himba, and San Bushmen.
Ch 7 early african
The document summarizes early African civilizations from 2000 BC to 1500 AD. It discusses the impact of Africa's diverse geography on civilization development. It describes how civilizations like Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged as powerful states due to factors like trade, leadership, and control of resources. It also outlines the migration of Bantu peoples, rise of coastal city-states, and establishment of states like Great Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The document concludes by examining aspects of traditional African society, religion, and rich cultural traditions.
Columbus's World 1942
This document summarizes Columbus's view of the world in 1492, including:
1) Columbus believed he had handed the Western Hemisphere over to Spain and that Muslims and Jews had no place in the lands he discovered.
2) Because of the Catholic Church's influence, Spain expelled its Jewish population and those unwilling to convert ended up in Turkey.
3) The main civilizations and regions discussed include China, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas, and their religious, cultural and technological characteristics.
Notes ifd
The document summarizes the origins, spread, and influence of Islam in Africa and Asia between 600-1450 CE. Key points include:
1) Islam originated in the 7th century in Mecca under the prophet Muhammad and spread rapidly through trade and conquest.
2) Islamic empires like the Abbasids and Ottomans dominated large parts of Asia and North Africa after the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate due to Mongol invasions in the 13th century.
3) Islam had profound political, economic and social impacts as it influenced governments, laws, and cultures across its domains in Africa, Asia and the Middle East during this period.
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Introduction to african history, culture and society
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Trade R outes Notes
- 1. # Eastern Hemisphere Trade Routes Textbook Pages: 430-435
- 2. • During the Medieval Period, several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere. These trading routes developed among Europe, Africa, and Asia. • Major trade routes from 1000-1500AD 1. Silk road across Asia to the Mediterranean basin 2. Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean 3. Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa 4. Northern European links with the Black Sea 5. Western European sea and river trade 6. South China Sea and the lands of Southeast Asia
- 3. • Regional trade networks and long- distance trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere aided the diffusion and exchange of technology and culture between Europe, Africa, and Asia. • Goods – Gold from West Africa – Spices from lands around the Indian Ocean – Textiles from India, China, the Middle East, and later Europe – Porcelain from China and Persia – Amber from the Baltic Region
- 4. • Technology – Paper from China spread throughout the Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe – New crops from India (e.g., for making sugar) – Waterwheels and windmills from the Middle East – Navigation: Compass from China, lateen sail from Indian Ocean region • Ideas – Spread of religions across the hemisphere – Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan – Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia – Islam into West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia • Printing and paper money from China
- 5. • Japanese cultural development was influenced by its proximity to China. • States and empires flourished in Africa during the medieval period, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, Axum in east Africa, and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. • Trade brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations from other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere.
- 6. • Japanese cultural development was influenced by its proximity to China. • States and empires flourished in Africa during the medieval period, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, Axum in east Africa, and Zimbabwe in southern Africa. • Trade brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations from other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere.