Ancient Kingdoms Of West Africa
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The three major West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay prospered from trade. Ghana lasted from 750-1075 AD as a prominent trading hub of gold. Mali then rose to power from 1200-1500 AD under Mansa Musa, becoming the second largest empire after Mongolia. Songhay broke away from Mali in 1350 and expanded along the Niger River until internal revolts caused its fall in 1600. These kingdoms grew powerful through their strategic positions facilitating trade between Africa, Europe, and Asia.
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This document provides a timeline and overview of major African civilizations from ancient times through the rise and fall of early empires. It describes the geography of the continent including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts. Early settlements developed along the Nile River valley starting around 5000 BC. Notable early kingdoms included Nok, Bantu, Kingdom of Kush in modern-day Sudan, and Aksum in Ethiopia. Major empires that arose from trade included Ghana with its capital at Kumbi Saleh, Kanem-Bornu centered around Lake Chad, Mali under Mansa Musa, and later the Songhai Empire. Art, literature, education, and commerce contributed to the development of culture across
The Trans-Saharan Trade
The Trans-Saharan trade was a constant source of wealth for West African kingdoms like Mali and Songhai, strengthening their economies. Wealth came from taxing foreign ships that traded on the Atlantic coast and from the demand for salt and gold. The trade concessions on the coast generated tax revenue, while resources like salt and gold were in high demand from other empires. This allowed kingdoms to gain income and strengthen their rule through economic advantages from the Trans-Saharan trade network.
Jat Chapter 13
The document provides an overview of the key topics and concepts that will be covered in a chapter about medieval Africa, including:
- The rise of African civilizations in western and eastern Africa, shaped by geography and trade. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum, and Great Zimbabwe are discussed.
- The governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa, including traditional African religions, the growth of centralized governments in West African empires, and the spread of Islam.
- African society and culture, specifically how the Bantu migrations shaped cultures and how the slave trade later disrupted many cultures.
Jat ea chapter 13
1. Medieval Africa saw the rise of powerful civilizations and empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa.
2. These empires grew wealthy through trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt. They had complex governments with kings, councils, and local leaders.
3. East Africa also had powerful kingdoms like Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, and city-states along the coast that engaged in trade by sea.
Ch 15 african h istory
The document summarizes the effects of Islam on North Africa in three sections. Section 1 explains how Muslim states like the Almoravids and Almohads brought Islam to North Africa and established Islamic rule. Section 2 discusses the Islamic invasions and the rise of empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai due to the gold-salt trade. Section 3 explains how Islam influenced East African peoples like the Swahili who blended Bantu and Arabic languages and cultures.
The Songhai Empire.pptx
The Songhai Empire was a West African empire located along the Niger River in the 15th-16th centuries. It was founded by Sonni Ali in 1464 and became one of the largest empires in world history, controlling trade routes across West Africa. Under Askia Mohammed in the late 15th century, the empire prospered through trade, administering taxes, promoting education and spreading Islam. However, after Askia Mohammed's death the empire declined and was eventually conquered by Morocco in 1591. Timbuktu emerged as a major center of learning, culture and commerce during the empire's height.
Early african civilizations 2003
1) The document discusses the geography, early peoples, and major empires of West Africa from ancient times through 1500 CE.
2) Key empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai rose to power by controlling valuable trade routes and taxing merchants. They grew wealthy and powerful but eventually declined due to invaders, overgrazing, or changes in trade.
3) West African culture and history has been preserved through oral storytelling traditions, writings by foreign visitors, and artistic forms like music, dance, and art that have continued cultural traditions.
Presentation hist (3).pptx
The document discusses the Songhai Empire in West Africa under the rule of Sonni Ali from 1464-1492. It states that Sonni Ali helped make Songhai the largest empire in Africa by conquering the major trading cities of Gao, Timbuktu, and Jenne. Through adopting religious tolerance and strategic governance of provinces with governors and armies, the Songhai Empire prospered under Sonni Ali's rule through controlling trade along the Niger River of gold, salt, and slaves with Europeans.
Ch 7 early african
The document summarizes early African civilizations from 2000 BC to 1500 AD. It discusses the impact of Africa's diverse geography on civilization development. It describes how civilizations like Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged as powerful states due to factors like trade, leadership, and control of resources. It also outlines the migration of Bantu peoples, rise of coastal city-states, and establishment of states like Great Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The document concludes by examining aspects of traditional African society, religion, and rich cultural traditions.
Chapter 13 Summary
The document discusses geography, society, and trade in Africa between 500-1500 CE. It describes the key geographic features of Africa, including the Sahara desert, Nile River, and distinct climate zones. It then explains that most Africans lived in small villages organized into lineage groups and family units. Their identity was tied to their extended family. The document also summarizes several early African kingdoms, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, and how geography influenced trade, politics, and culture in each kingdom.
Chap_11_-_Africa.ppt
The document provides an overview of kingdoms and trading states in Africa from 730 BC to 1591 AD. It discusses the influence of geography on trade and resources, including the Sahara Desert acting as a barrier. Major kingdoms discussed include Nubia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, which prospered through trade of gold and salt. In East Africa, it describes the kingdoms of Axum and city-states along the Swahili coast that engaged in trade. Family structures, political systems, religions, arts and oral traditions of medieval African societies are also summarized.
Africa’S Rulers
Sundiata was an early ruler of Mali who unified the kingdom and established its power through military conquests and improvements to agriculture. Mansa Musa led Mali to wealth and prominence in the 1300s through expanding its trade empire and an influential pilgrimage to Mecca. Songhai rose as a rival to Mali, gaining independence after Mali grew weak. Under Sunni Ali and Askia the Great, Songhai became a powerful empire through conquests and strong administration, with Askia supporting education and Islam.
African civilization
The document provides an overview of African civilization, geography, history, and traditional society. It discusses:
- Africa's geography including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts and climate zones.
- Early settlements in Egypt and the discovery of "Lucy".
- Traditional village governments focused on community over individuals and animist religious beliefs.
- The rise of early communities like the Nok and Bantu people who spread across the continent.
- Ancient kingdoms including Kush, Aksum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that developed trade networks and converted to Christianity or Islam.
- Contributions of African art, literature, and education traditions.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
Ancient African Civilizations
The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It discusses the Kush civilization in Nubia, the Axum civilization in Ethiopia, the Ghana empire which dominated gold and salt trade, the large Mali empire under Mansa Musa, and the Songhai empire centered along the Niger River. It also describes the Bantu migrations and establishment of trading port cities along the East African coast that participated in Indian Ocean trade networks.
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