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China Vocab and Pictures

This document provides brief summaries of important concepts and events in early Chinese history, including: - Loess soil deposited by the Huang He river which was good for agriculture. Yu the Great improved flood control and agriculture. - Oracle bones used for divination by writing questions and interpreting cracks formed when heated. - Confucius founded Confucianism by writing the Analects, emphasizing relationships and respect. Laozi founded Daoism by writing the Dao de Jing about withdrawing from the world. - Qin Shi Huangdi unified China under the Qin Dynasty and built the Great Wall and Terracotta Army. He followed the philosophy of Legalism emphasizing strict laws.

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• Loess – yellow fertile soil deposited on banks of the Huang He River • Yu the Great – 1st Xia ruler who improved agriculture and flood control • Animism – belief that everything has a spirit
• Oracle Bones – priests carve questions in bones, heat up, read cracks for answers • Calligraphy – Chinese art of writing. 10,000+ symbols • Feudalism- System of land control. Nobles grant land to lesser people that actually belongs to king.
• Mandate of Heaven – gods have chosen and given the right to rule to kings. Used to claim power. • Dynastic Cycles – cyclical occurrence of different dynasties ruling • Confucius- Founder of Confucianism. Writes the Analects. • Confucianism- Philosophy stressing relationships and respect.
• Laozi – Founder of Daoism. Write the Dao de Jing. • Daoism/Taoism- Philosophy stressing ideas to withdraw form the world and contemplate nature • Bureaucracy – government organized into different levels and tasks • Yin/Yang – Dualism of forces. Light/Dark, Male/female.
• Autocracy – government where the ruler has absolute power • Qin Shi Huangdi – Cheng – leader of Qin Dynasty. Creates Great Wall and Terracotta Soldiers • Legalism – philosophy stressing strict laws + harsh punishments • Civil Service System – Administrative government with tests to get jobs. • Liu Bang – Commoner who became a general and overthrows Qin Dynasty.
• Empress Lii – Liu Bangs wife ruled after her husband died. Ruled in place of her son the emperor. • Emperor Wudi- Liu Bang’s great-grandson took over after Empress Lii and expands the Empire through warfare. • Xiongnu – Nomads known for archery skills on horseback who attack the Han Dynasty. • Silk Road – trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean Sea (Han)
• Grand Canal – Canal build connecting Huang He to Yangtze. (Sui Dynasty) • Empress WuZhao/WuZetian – 1st woman to be Emperor. Expands empire, controls Korea, helps trade. (Tang) • Acupuncture- Medical practice of inserting needles into the body to relieve pain.