2 3 east africa's great trading centers
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The Kingdom of Aksum became a major trading center in northeast Africa along the Red Sea in the 1st century AD by trading African ivory. In the 4th century AD, King Ezana converted to Christianity and made it the official religion. However, Muslim invaders from Arabia attacked in the 7th century, weakening Aksum's control of trade. Ethiopia remained predominantly Christian while surrounding areas converted to Islam. Between the 12th and 13th centuries, King Lalibela ordered the construction of famous rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia. Other major trading city-states like Kilwa and Great Zimbabwe emerged along Africa's east coast and became wealthy through trade and natural resources like gold.
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The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It discusses the Kush civilization in Nubia, the Axum civilization in Ethiopia, the Ghana empire which dominated gold and salt trade, the large Mali empire under Mansa Musa, and the Songhai empire centered along the Niger River. It also describes the Bantu migrations and establishment of trading port cities along the East African coast that participated in Indian Ocean trade networks.
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The document summarizes the major ancient African civilizations between 750 BCE and 1500 CE. It describes the geography and climate of Africa and provides details on the Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires that dominated trade routes and flourished during this period. It also discusses the Bantu migrations and the growth of Swahili culture and trading ports along the East African coast that engaged in the Indian Ocean trade network.
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docx
The document discusses the spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins by providing demographic information about the global Muslim population, noting that approximately 20% live in sub-Saharan Africa. It then discusses the two main branches of Islam - Sunni and Shiite - and provides a brief overview of the early civilizations and influence of Islam in different regions of Africa, including West Africa along trade routes, and East Africa along coastal trading cities. Key empires discussed include Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, which benefited from the trans-Saharan gold-salt trade. The document notes that while rulers often converted to Islam, most common people retained their traditional religious beliefs. Islam introduced new cultural and political
Islam to Africa
Great states arose in West, East, and South Africa as a result of the spread of Islamic trade and culture. In West Africa, Islam spread through cultural diffusion while East African port cities were colonized. This introduced new religions, literacy, trade practices, and arts to African kingdoms. Powerful states like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged along the Niger River, benefiting from the trans-Saharan gold and salt trade with North Africa. Wealthy city-states also developed in East Africa along trade routes to India and China, introducing Arabic and African cultures. Eventually, European powers began colonizing the African coasts in the 15th-16th centuries to gain control of the lucrative trade networks.
Chap_11_-_Africa.ppt
The document provides an overview of kingdoms and trading states in Africa from 730 BC to 1591 AD. It discusses the influence of geography on trade and resources, including the Sahara Desert acting as a barrier. Major kingdoms discussed include Nubia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, which prospered through trade of gold and salt. In East Africa, it describes the kingdoms of Axum and city-states along the Swahili coast that engaged in trade. Family structures, political systems, religions, arts and oral traditions of medieval African societies are also summarized.
Chapter 6 Powerpoint notes for Strayer Chapter 6 - Commonalities & Variations...
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
Chapter 11 expanding trade networks in africa and india
Ibn Battuta, a legal scholar from Tangier, went on a hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325. Instead of returning home, he decided to follow Islamic trade routes, traveling over 75,000 miles across North Africa, West Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia over the next two decades. During his travels, he documented his observations of various Muslim empires and kingdoms, including Mali, where the wealthy Mansa Musa ruled over rich gold mines, and the Delhi Sultanate in northern India. Ibn Battuta provided valuable firsthand accounts of trans-Saharan trade networks, cities like Timbuktu and Cairo, and the impact of the Black Death plague during this
KIS 1
The Kingdom of Aksum was located in what is now Eritrea and Ethiopia along the Red Sea coast. It developed extensive trade networks along the Red Sea and Blue Nile and was the only African kingdom to have a written language. At its height between 325-360 AD under King Ezana, Aksum controlled trade routes and conquered the Kingdom of Kush. Christianity became the dominant religion after Ezana converted, though it was linked to Egypt not Rome. The kingdom declined after 750 AD as Islamic invaders conquered surrounding areas and disrupted Aksum's trade networks.
2 2 west african kingdoms
The document summarizes the major West African trading kingdoms that developed between 400-1500 AD along the trans-Saharan trade routes. It discusses the Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai which controlled the salt and gold trades between Northern Africa and the tropical forest regions. It also mentions the city-states of Ile-Ife and Benin in the forest region which grew wealthy through gold trading but were not Islamic. The empires rose to power by controlling the trade routes but later declined from invasions or internal weaknesses.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
African civilizations
This document provides a timeline and overview of major African civilizations from ancient times through the rise and fall of early empires. It describes the geography of the continent including the Sahara and Kalahari deserts. Early settlements developed along the Nile River valley starting around 5000 BC. Notable early kingdoms included Nok, Bantu, Kingdom of Kush in modern-day Sudan, and Aksum in Ethiopia. Major empires that arose from trade included Ghana with its capital at Kumbi Saleh, Kanem-Bornu centered around Lake Chad, Mali under Mansa Musa, and later the Songhai Empire. Art, literature, education, and commerce contributed to the development of culture across
Ch 20 africa ppt
The document summarizes the rise and fall of several empires and kingdoms in Western Africa between the 11th-16th centuries, as well as the development of the Atlantic slave trade. It describes the Kingdom of Ghana and its capital Kumbi Saleh, the influence of Islam, and Ghana's decline giving way to the Mali Empire under Sundiata and Mansa Musa. It then discusses the Songhai Empire that replaced Mali, and its rulers Sonni Ali and Askia Muhammad. The document concludes by outlining the Portuguese role in establishing the Atlantic slave trade along the West African coast in the 15th century.
Early African History
Early African history involved people living as hunter-gatherers who later began herding livestock and farming. Around 3000 BC, the Bantu migration spread Bantu people, language, culture, and technology from Nigeria to other parts of Africa. In East Africa, the Kush kingdom developed along the Nile River in Sudan in 800 BC and traded gold, ivory, and iron as far as Egypt. The Axum kingdom located in Ethiopia prospered from trade starting in the AD 300s due to its strategic location on the Red Sea. Axum converted to Christianity in the AD 300s and remained an important center of African Christianity even after losing connections to neighbors in the AD 600s. The Great Zimbabwe civilization supplied gold
Ch 7 Africa
Early civilizations emerged in Africa around 7-8,000 years ago including Egypt, Kush, and Axum. Kush developed an ivory and frankincense trade with Egypt by 2000 BC. In 750 BC, Kush conquered Egypt but was later driven out by the Assyrians. Axum rose to power in Ethiopia in the 4th century AD, conquering Kush and prospering from trade along the Red Sea. King Ezana converted Axum to Christianity in 330 AD. Later, powerful trading empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged in West Africa between the 5th-15th centuries, growing wealthy from the trade of local goods like yams, animals, and minerals
Jat Chapter 13
The document provides an overview of the key topics and concepts that will be covered in a chapter about medieval Africa, including:
- The rise of African civilizations in western and eastern Africa, shaped by geography and trade. Kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Axum, and Great Zimbabwe are discussed.
- The governments and religions that influenced life in medieval Africa, including traditional African religions, the growth of centralized governments in West African empires, and the spread of Islam.
- African society and culture, specifically how the Bantu migrations shaped cultures and how the slave trade later disrupted many cultures.
Similar to 2 3 east africa's great trading centers (20)
Mckaych10africanempires 141031172433-conversion-gate01
Mckaych10africanempires 141031172433-conversion-gate01
ancientafricancivilization-121102140230-phpapp01.pdf
ancientafricancivilization-121102140230-phpapp01.pdf
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docx
Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Lecture # 7Islam .docx
Chapter 6 Powerpoint notes for Strayer Chapter 6 - Commonalities & Variations...
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Chapter 11 expanding trade networks in africa and india
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More from speharn
3 3 cultures of north america
The document summarizes the early civilizations that existed in North America, including the Mound Builders, Anasazi, Plains Indians, Pacific Northwest Indians, and Eastern Woodland Indians. The Mound Builders lived between 700 BC and 1250 AD along the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, building thousands of earthen mounds for burial and religious ceremonies. The Anasazi lived in the Southwest between 100 AD and 1300 AD, constructing cliffside pueblos and underground kivas. Plains Indians followed buffalo herds on the Great Plains and lived in tipis. Pacific Northwest Indians hunted and fished in forests, carving totem poles, while Eastern Woodland Indians lived in wigwams and longhouses
3 2 cultures of middle america
The document provides information on early civilizations in Middle America, including the Olmecs, Mayans, and Aztecs. It describes that the Olmecs lived along the Gulf of Mexico from 1200 BC to 600 BC and were known for the large carved stone heads they created. The Mayans lived in the Yucatan Peninsula from 250 AD to 900 AD, used slash-and-burn farming of maize, and had advanced cities with temple pyramids, hieroglyphic writing, and the most accurate calendar of their time based on the sun and moon. However, the Mayan cities were mysteriously abandoned around 900 AD. The Aztecs built the city of Tenochtitlan on islands in Lake
3 1 south america and the incas
The Incas built a vast empire in South America between 1200-1400 AD centered around Cuzco, Peru. The Inca emperor, called the Sapa Inca, ruled over 12 million people across 2,500 miles and was believed to be related to the sun god. The Incas developed an advanced civilization with impressive infrastructure including roads, bridges, and stone buildings, as well as innovative agricultural techniques using terraces and irrigation. They also established a complex government system and used knotted strings called quipu to record information.
6 1 the renaissance and reformation
The document summarizes the key events and impacts of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe between 1300-1600 CE. The Renaissance began in Italian city-states and was sparked by a rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman achievements. Notable figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo helped spread Renaissance ideals of humanism and realistic art. Martin Luther protested corruption in the Catholic Church and inspired the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses. His translation of the Bible increased literacy and the spread of Protestant ideals, dividing Europe along new religious lines. The Catholic Church held the Council of Trent and established the Inquisition to combat the growing heresy of Protestantism.
5 4 the power of kings
1) Under feudalism, powerful nobles held land and vassals, sometimes more than the king.
2) The growth of towns and the middle class contributed to the decline of feudalism as kings gained support in exchange for protecting towns.
3) Kings used new financial resources to attack troublesome nobles and weaken their power, contributing to the rise of strong centralized nations under kings.
5 3 the crusades
The document summarizes the Crusades, a series of military expeditions launched by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of recapturing the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It describes how the Byzantine emperor's call for help against the Seljuk Turks and Pope Urban II's speech in 1095 inspired the First Crusade. The Crusaders had some successes but also failures like the People's Crusade, and Jerusalem changed hands between Christians and Muslims over subsequent crusades led by figures like Richard the Lionheart and Saladin.
22 america as a world power
The document discusses America's emergence as a world power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It covers key events like Commodore Perry opening Japan to Western influence, the Boxer Rebellion in China, the Spanish-American War which saw America gain colonies like Puerto Rico and the Philippines, and the building of the Panama Canal which connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Theodore Roosevelt helped expand America's global reach and advocated for projecting American power abroad with his "big stick" foreign policy.
21 the progressive spirit of reform
Progressives during the late 1800s worked to reform politics and improve society for the urban poor. They exposed corruption through muckraking journalism and advocated for political reforms like the secret ballot and recall elections. Their goals included helping the urban poor through improved housing, establishing workers' compensation laws, and advancing women's suffrage and civil rights.
20 immigrants and urban life
This document discusses immigration to the United States between 1840-1900 and life for immigrants in cities at the turn of the 20th century. It provides data on immigration sources by region to the US in 1840-1860 and 1880-1900. Images show types of immigrant ships and arrivals at Ellis Island. Brief descriptions note the growth and demographics of Pittsburgh in 1900, including housing conditions in tenement buildings. Tables list the 15 largest US cities by population in 1900 and 2005.
19 3 industrial workers
The document summarizes the effects of industrialization on workers in the late 19th century, including long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions. It describes how workers organized unions like the Knights of Labor and AFL to collectively bargain for better treatment. Notable strikes included the Haymarket Riot of 1886, the Homestead Strike of 1892, and the Pullman Strike of 1894, which involved violent clashes but helped grow the labor movement.
19 2 big business
Big businesses in the late 19th century United States grew through forming corporations that issued stock, acquiring other companies through horizontal and vertical integration, and creating trusts. This allowed some businessmen like Andrew Carnegie in steel and John D. Rockefeller in oil to gain control of their industries and become extraordinarily wealthy, though some criticized this as cheating the system while others viewed it as a natural outcome of social Darwinism's "survival of the fittest."
19 1 the second industrial revolution
The document summarizes key developments during the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States in the late 19th century. It describes innovations such as the Bessemer Process that made steel production faster and cheaper; the growth of oil drilling and kerosene leading to increased demand for oil; Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb and the development of power plants; Alexander Graham Bell's patent of the telephone; and advances in transportation including the first motorcar by the Duryea brothers and the Model T assembly line produced by Henry Ford.
18 3 farming and populism
The document discusses the settlement of the American West by farmers in the late 19th century. It summarizes how the Homestead Act encouraged thousands to settle the plains by granting free land. Settlers faced a difficult life breaking sod and dry farming for wheat with little water. Eventually, overfarming led to lower wheat prices and economic problems for farmers. They organized politically through groups like the Grange and Populist Party to address issues like deflation and blame on railroads over their difficulties.
18 2 wars for the west
This document summarizes conflicts between settlers and Plains Indians in the American West. As settlers moved onto lands inhabited by tribes like the Sioux, conflicts arose over land and resources. The government attempted to resolve tensions through treaties establishing reservations, but these agreements were often broken. Notable conflicts included the Sioux victory over Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn and the Wounded Knee Massacre. Ultimately, Plains tribes were confined to reservations as settlers continued westward expansion.
18 1 miners, ranchers, and railroads
After the Civil War, more Americans moved west seeking new jobs and opportunities on the frontier. The discovery of the Comstock Lode silver deposit in Nevada led to a mining boom and the rise of boomtowns near mining sites, though mining was dangerous work. The growth of cattle ranching in Texas and the Great Plains, known as the Cattle Kingdom, helped meet the rising demand for beef back east. Cowboys drove longhorn cattle along trails like the Chisholm Trail to market and railroads. The government sponsored the building of the first Transcontinental Railroad to connect the east and west coasts, which was built by the Union Pacific traveling west and the Central Pacific traveling east using Irish and Chinese workers respectively. The railroad's
17 3 reconstruction in the south
After the Civil War, Reconstruction attempted to integrate the Southern states back into the Union and establish rights for African Americans. Black men gained the right to vote and held over 600 state legislature seats and 16 Congressional seats. However, the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation tactics against blacks and Republicans. After federal troops withdrew from the South in 1877, Southern states passed Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation and restricting black voting through poll taxes and literacy tests, limiting the rights African Americans had gained.
17 2 the fight over reconstruction
The document summarizes the political fight over Reconstruction between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans in Congress. After the Civil War, President Johnson allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union with lenient plans that did not protect the rights of freed slaves. In response, Southern states passed Black Codes limiting freedoms. The Radical Republicans passed the 14th and 15th Amendments to establish rights for African Americans and divided the South into military districts overseen by the North. When Johnson opposed these plans and fired the Secretary of War, Congress impeached Johnson though he was acquitted by one vote. The 1868 election was won by Ulysses S. Grant who supported the Radical Republican reconstruction plans.
17 1 rebuilding the south
Reconstruction began as the process of readmitting the southern states back into the Union after the Civil War from 1865-1877. The South's cities and factories were ruined after the war, leaving many people jobless and homeless with worthless Confederate money. Lincoln proposed a lenient Reconstruction plan that offered amnesty to Southerners who took an oath of loyalty, but Congress disagreed and proposed a stricter plan. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery in 1865 but freed slaves were left poor, jobless and uneducated with nowhere to go. The Freedmen's Bureau was established by Congress to provide relief and schools for freed slaves. However, Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 and Vice President Andrew Johnson became President.
16 5 the tide of war turns
The tide of war turned at Gettysburg in 1863. General Burnside and Hooker lost battles against Lee at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg, Meade commanded the Union army against Lee in the bloodiest 3-day battle that resulted in 28,000 casualties. Pickett's failed charge marked the turning point as the Union emerged victorious. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address to honor the soldiers. Later, Sherman captured Atlanta and marched to the coast practicing "total war," while Grant attacked Lee in Virginia, finally surrounding him at Appomattox Courthouse where Lee surrendered, ending the Civil War.
16 4 daily life during the war
Daily life during the Civil War was difficult for both soldiers and civilians. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which freed slaves in rebel states. However, the Union did not control these areas. There was opposition to the war in the North by Democrats and others against the draft. Lincoln suspended habeas corpus in response. For civilians, women had to take over family farms and businesses while men fought. The Northern economy boomed by producing weapons and supplies for the war.
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GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
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GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
2 3 east africa's great trading centers
- 1. CHAPTER 2 : Civilizations of Africa SECTION 3 : East Africa’s Great Trading Centers
- 10. Maps of Ethiopia
- 12. Map Showing Ethiopian Priests Travel Throughout the Kingdom
- 23. Great Zimbabwe