Traction - Sittie
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A halo vest encircles the head with a ring that is fixed to the skull via inserted pins. It incorporates a vest connected to the ring via metal bars to immobilize the neck and cervical spine, aiding healing of head and neck injuries and positioning after cervical surgery. An overhead traction system uses a water-filled weight bag and adjustable head harness to alleviate spinal pressure. Side arm traction aligns a fractured humerus after open reduction surgery using skin traction on the arm.
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Spinal shock is the immediate temporary loss of total power, sensation and reflexes below the level of a spinal cord injury. It occurs in four phases as the spinal cord recovers. Phase 1 is complete areflexia lasting 1-3 days due to loss of descending facilitation. Phase 2 sees initial reflex return from denervation supersensitivity. Phases 3-4 involve hyperreflexia and spasticity as the cord grows new synapses. Spinal shock is managed by immobilization, monitoring, and high-dose methylprednisolone to prevent secondary injury if given within 3 hours of the initial trauma.
Dvt Deep Venous Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in the deep veins, usually in the leg. It is caused by Virchow's triad of venous stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability. Common risk factors include surgery, trauma, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and inherited coagulation disorders. Patients may present with calf pain, swelling, warmth, or tenderness. Diagnosis involves Wells criteria, D-dimer testing, ultrasound, venography or MRI. Treatment focuses on anticoagulation to prevent pulmonary embolism.
management of spinal cord injury
This document provides an overview of spinal cord injury (SCI) management. It describes a case of a 47-year-old male who suffered a cervical spine injury in a motor vehicle accident 4 months ago and is now presenting with paraplegia and paraparesis. The document then outlines key topics related to SCI, including anatomy, causes, types, pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, diagnosis, neurological assessment classification, and management. Tables and diagrams are provided to illustrate spinal cord anatomy and tracts, dermatomes, myotomes, and the American Spinal Injury Association classification system.
Spinal Injury
This document discusses spinal injuries and the assessment and treatment of potential spinal injuries by emergency medical technicians. It covers spinal anatomy, types of spinal injuries including spinal cord and column injuries, common mechanisms of injury, and the EMS spinal immobilization assessment protocol. The protocol determines whether full spinal immobilization is needed based on factors like pain, deformity, numbness, and other injuries rather than just mechanism of injury. Common mistakes in treatment like improper sizing of collars or inadequate strapping are also discussed.
Head Injury
There are five main types of head injuries: lacerations, concussions, contusions, haemorrhages, and skull fractures. A head injury can initially appear minor but cause major internal damage. Victims should be monitored for symptoms for several days and medical assistance sought if symptoms indicate a severe injury.
SPiNAL INJURY AND IT'S CURRENT MANAGEMENT : CME -
This document provides an overview of spinal injuries including:
1. It defines spinal injuries as injuries to the spinal column, spinal cord, or both and classifies them.
2. It discusses the epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical features, investigations, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of spinal injuries.
3. It describes the anatomy and functions of the spine, mechanisms of primary and secondary spinal cord injury, and factors that affect the severity of spinal cord lesions.
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also various types hip orthoses with HKAFOS were discussed from the conventional design to most advanced design like post operative hip orthoses for hip reconstruction surgery etc.
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This document discusses several orthotic devices used to assist patients with severe paralysis or paraplegia:
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2) The Parapodium is a prefabricated orthosis that helps young paraplegic patients stand without assistance using knee and hip joints with locks that can be controlled by handles.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Traction - Sittie
- 1. HALO VEST A halo is a ring that is encircles the head and is fixed to it by means of pins that are inserted in the head. It is an orthopedic device used to help immobilize the neck and head, providing traction to the cervical spine. It incorporates a vest, usually with shoulder straps, and metal bars within the cast that connect the vest to secure pins to a band around the skull. The halo is attached to the skull by pins or screws. The halo vest is used to aid the healing of injuries and cervical dislocations and to position and immobilize a patient after cervical surgery. Sani, Sittie Ruseifah G.
- 2. OVERHEAD TRACTION Overhead Traction System helps alleviate pressure on the spinal column. This easy to use system uses a water-filled weight bag to provide tension and can be adjusted be adding or removing water. The system comes equipped with an adjustable head harness and the necessary hardware. Sani, Sittie Ruseifah G.
- 3. SIDE ARM TRACTION Side arm traction is a kind of skin traction used to align a fractured humerus after open reduction. Sani, Sittie Ruseifah G.