This presentation gives you a brief on town planning with emphasis on:
1. Objectives of Town Planning
2. Principles of Town Planning
3. Zoning
4. Green Belt
5. Road Systems
6. Master Plan
7. Redevelopment of Buildings
8. Slum Rehabilitation
In these slides, I've given an introduction to computer aided drawing (CAD), discussed its purpose & benefits, listed some of the commonly used CAD software and briefly introduced AutoCAD.
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
Building Bye Laws for Residential BuildingsRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Building Bye Laws or Development Control Rules (D C Rules) for Residential Buildings as per National Building Code of India 2016.
This will be mostly useful for under-graduate Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
Architecture and town planning _Unit 3_SPPU_Town planning and various levels ...Shrikant Kate
• Goals and Objectives of planning; components of planning; benefits of planning.
• Levels of planning: Regional plan, Development Plan, Town Planning Scheme.
• Neighborhood plan; Types of Development plans: Master Plan, City Development Plan,
Structure Plan.
History of Town Planning_Building and Town PlanningA Makwana
The term town planning is used to indicate the arrangement of various components of a town in such a way that the town as such attains the significance of a living organism.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
In these slides, I've given an introduction to computer aided drawing (CAD), discussed its purpose & benefits, listed some of the commonly used CAD software and briefly introduced AutoCAD.
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
Building Bye Laws for Residential BuildingsRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Building Bye Laws or Development Control Rules (D C Rules) for Residential Buildings as per National Building Code of India 2016.
This will be mostly useful for under-graduate Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
Architecture and town planning _Unit 3_SPPU_Town planning and various levels ...Shrikant Kate
• Goals and Objectives of planning; components of planning; benefits of planning.
• Levels of planning: Regional plan, Development Plan, Town Planning Scheme.
• Neighborhood plan; Types of Development plans: Master Plan, City Development Plan,
Structure Plan.
History of Town Planning_Building and Town PlanningA Makwana
The term town planning is used to indicate the arrangement of various components of a town in such a way that the town as such attains the significance of a living organism.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
Principles of Planning for Residential BuildingsRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Principles of Planning for Residential Buildings.
This is most useful for Civil Engineering students taking the course Building Design and Drawing.
Public building is important for development of city or town.
It play important role for developing city and full fill the need of People of town as well as government.This Presentation may give general idea of Planning of public building as well as its need and factor for Planning.
What is FSI in real estate development? What is the floor space index that is allowed for various Indian cities? How does the FSI in India compare with some of the major metro cities of the world?
It's case study report of the street study of Indore's 5-star hotel sayaji main road, m.p.This work is done me and my colleagues in the academic semester.
This presentation gives you a brief on town planning with emphasis on:
1. Objectives of Town Planning
2. Principles of Town Planning
3. Zoning
4. Green Belt
5. Road Systems
6. Master Plan
7. Slum Rehabilitation
Principles of Planning for Residential BuildingsRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Principles of Planning for Residential Buildings.
This is most useful for Civil Engineering students taking the course Building Design and Drawing.
Public building is important for development of city or town.
It play important role for developing city and full fill the need of People of town as well as government.This Presentation may give general idea of Planning of public building as well as its need and factor for Planning.
What is FSI in real estate development? What is the floor space index that is allowed for various Indian cities? How does the FSI in India compare with some of the major metro cities of the world?
It's case study report of the street study of Indore's 5-star hotel sayaji main road, m.p.This work is done me and my colleagues in the academic semester.
This presentation gives you a brief on town planning with emphasis on:
1. Objectives of Town Planning
2. Principles of Town Planning
3. Zoning
4. Green Belt
5. Road Systems
6. Master Plan
7. Slum Rehabilitation
Introduction to town planning,
Objects of Town planning,
Principles of town planning,
Growth of Cities,
Scattered growth,
Planned growth,
Ribbon development,
Satellite city,
Suburbs,
Vertical Growth of City,
Horizontal growth of city,
Stages in town development,
Central business district,
Concentric Spread,
Site for ideal town,
Urban Sprawl.
References
In this presentation, I have explained pitched roofs in details as follows:
1. external parts of pitched roofs
2. internal parts of pitched roofs
3. types of pitched roofs and their suitability
Principles of Planning of School (Public Building)Rohan Dasgupta
In these slides, I have explained the principles of planning of a school building, This is a part of the course Architectural Planning and Design of Buildings for 2nd year (semester - 3) Civil Engineering students of University of Mumbai. These slides may also be useful for Architecture students
How to find out Plagiarism or Similarity Index of Documents using Turnitin - ...Rohan Dasgupta
In these slides, I have explained the step by step procedure of finding the similarity index of documents and downloading plagiarism reports in various formats using Turnitin.
Feel free to download these slides and use the for training purposes.
How to download PPTs from Slideshare?
1. Register/Login to Slideshare.
2. Go to the Slideshow that you want to download.
3. Click on Save File option and click on OK.
In this presentation, the technology of MODULAR BUILDINGS has been discussed along with its Uses, Construction Process, Manufacturing Process, Design Considerations, Zoning Considerations, Strength Considerations, Advantages and Disadvantages.
In this presentation, an introduction to Perspective Drawing has been given. All terms related to the topic has been defined and explained. And step by step procedure to draw One Point Perspective and Two Point Perspective is given at the end.
Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016Rohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of Classification of Buildings as per National Building Code of India (NBC) 2016 which is especially useful of Civil Engineering students studying the course Building Design and Drawing.
Study of IS 962 1989 – Code of Practice for Architectural and BuildingRohan Dasgupta
This presentation gives you an overview of IS : 962 -1989 – Code of Practice for Architectural and Building and discussed the parts of the code that is useful for Civil Engineering students for Building Design and Drawing.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. What is a town?
A town is a human-settlement with a name, defined boundaries, and local government, that is larger than a
village and generally smaller than a city.
According to 2011 Census of India,
Towns are defined as places that satisfy the following 3 criteria:
1. Minimum population of 5,000
2. At least 75% of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
3. Density of population at least 400/km2. (1,000 per sq. mile).
Rohan Dasgupta
6. Rohan Dasgupta
What is town planning?
- Town planning is the arrangement of various units or components of a town in such a way that:
1. it is healthy for its inhabitant to live in,
2. convenient for them to do their daily activities,
3. beautiful for people to look at and
4. its environment helps in striking a balance between one’s personal and professional lives.
- It also includes ways and means to be adopted for the improvement of the existing towns or their extension.
7. Rohan Dasgupta
What is town planning?
- Town planning is science as well as art.
- The science consists of collecting, correlating and
analyzing the facts about a town.
- The art is in arranging its units in such a way that the
final result is in the form of a beautiful, convenient,
economic and efficient town.
- The success of town planning lies in converting the town
from an inert and lifeless place to a complex area that
thrives with lives.
Photo Courtesy: blogs.worldbank.org
8. Rohan Dasgupta
Objectives of Town Planning
1. Health
2. Convenience
3. Beauty
4. Environment
Photo Courtesy: Pintrest
9. Rohan Dasgupta
Objectives of Town Planning: 1. Health
- Health is accommodated in a town planning scheme by:
• dividing the land into zones such as residential, commercial etc.
• making right use of land for the right purpose,
• avoiding the encroachment of one zone upon the other,
• smooth and orderly development of the town in future
• providing parks and playgrounds for the public,
• maintaining the pollutions of various forms to the lowest degree
possible
Photo Courtesy: tricitylive.in
10. Rohan Dasgupta
Objectives of Town Planning: 2. Convenience
- Convenience can be achieved by providing various socio-economic and recreational amenities for the public.
- Socio-economic amenities:
• Road systems & transportation facilities
• Water & Electricity supply
• Waste management etc.
- Recreational amenities:
• Play grounds & park
• Cinema halls & theaters
• Stadiums etc.
Photo Courtesy: The Asian Age
Photo Courtesy: Metro Rail News Online
11. Rohan Dasgupta
Objectives of Town Planning: 3. Beauty
- Beauty is achieved by:
• taking the most possible advantages of the natural
conditions surrounding the town,
• preservation of trees & natural greenery,
• giving architectural finishes to the various
components of the town,
• architectural control on public as well as semi-
public buildings
Photo Courtesy: NDTV
12. Rohan Dasgupta
Objectives of Town Planning: 4. Environment
- Strengthening the bond between people & Environment can be
enhanced by:
• moulding the built environment of a town in such a way that
people can get about their normal activities with the least
amount of strain
• minimizing daily travel time to and from work
• maximizing quality time spent within the community by
providing community farming plots, community halls etc. Photo Courtesy: GEHL Architects
13. Rohan Dasgupta
Principles of Town Planning
• Zoning
✓ Dividing the town into suitable zones (residential, commercial etc.)
✓ Formation of suitable rules & regulations for the development of each zone
• Residential Buildings
✓ Providing housing for all socio-economic categories of people
✓ No development of slum & clearance of existing slums
• Public Buildings
✓ Well-balanced distribution throughout the town
✓ Avoiding unnecessary concentration at certain spots
• Recreational Centres
✓ Enough space should be reserved for recreational centres
✓ Depends upon actual size of the town
Photo Courtesy: tnb-west.com
14. Rohan Dasgupta
Principles of Town Planning
• Green Belt
✓ Provision of green belt on the periphery of the town
✓ Defining the boundary of the town & controlling expansion
• Road Systems
✓ Efficient layout of road systems
✓ Faulty road systems – too difficult to repair & too costly to re-arrange
• Transportation Facilities
✓ Suitable transportation facilities
✓ Minimum loss of time to and from work and home
Photo Courtesy: tnb-west.com
15. Rohan Dasgupta
ZONING
• Zoning is (i) the allocation of land for specific purposes and (ii) the control of the use, height and construction of the
building.
• There are three aspects of zoning:
a) Density zoning
b) Height Zoning
c) Use Zoning
16. Rohan Dasgupta
a) DENISTY ZONING
• The population density in residential areas is controlled
by means of suitable rules and regulation.
• It is quite evident that it is not practical to restrict the
number of person from occupying any residential units.
• Hence, certain indirect measures are adopted; like
specifying the front, side and rear margins of the
building from the boundaries, specifying the FSI etc.
• This helps in the planning and providing of adequate
facilities and amenities for a town.
17. Rohan Dasgupta
b) Height Zoning
• The height zoning aims at controlling the heights of
buildings with due consideration of the following two
factors: (i) bulk or cubical contents of the building and
(ii) street width and other adjacent marginal open
spaces from the point of view of provision for light and
ventilation.
• The restriction of height of a building depends on the
nature of building, type of zone and climatic conditions.
• Special restrictions for height is applied if the locality is
nearby an airport site.
Photo Courtesy: The Mercury News
18. Rohan Dasgupta
c) Use Zoning
• According to use, the zones are usually categorized into the following four types:
i. residential zone (40 – 50% of the total area of the town),
ii. commercial zone (2 – 5%),
iii. industrial zone (2 – 25%) and
iv. recreational zone (remaining area).
• The residential area needs to be near markets, parks and playgrounds but need to be free of nuisance, noise and
smoke.
• Commercial areas need to be near the centres of traffic and should preferably be near the roads.
• Light industries or factories running on electric power and causing no nuisance to nearby areas may be allowed next to
residential zones; on the other hand, the ones releasing obnoxious gases and fumes should be placed on the outskirts
of the town.
• Recreational zone includes mainly parks, playgrounds, cinemas, clubs etc and they may be scattered throughout the
plan of the town based on demand.
20. Rohan Dasgupta
Green Belt
Green belt is an open strip of land provided on the periphery (or boundary) of a town.
Construction of buildings in the green belt is strictly prohibited; although permission for building construction in the
green belt may be permitted under special circumstances.
It serves the following purposes:
(i) It defines the size of the town and in this respect it assists in suitably designing the various public amenities for the city
or town.
(ii) It prevents the spreading of town.
(iii) It helps in preventing the slum formation.
(iv) It can to be used for agricultural purposes, thereby providing the food and vegetables required for the town.
(v) It can be developed as poultry farm or nursery.
(vi) It can be developed as parks, playgrounds, picnic spots and recreational centers.
21. Road Systems: 1. Rectangular Road System
Rohan Dasgupta
Photo Courtesy: Google Earth
22. Road Systems: 2. Rectangular with Superimposed Diagonal Road System
Rohan Dasgupta
Photo Courtesy: Google Earth
23. Road Systems: 3. Radial Road System
Rohan Dasgupta
Photo Courtesy: Google Earth
25. Road Systems: 5. Irregular Medieval Road System
Rohan Dasgupta
Photo Courtesy: Google Earth
26. Road Systems: 6. Topographical Road System
Rohan Dasgupta
Photo Courtesy: Google Earth
27. Rohan Dasgupta
Master Plan or Development Plan
A development plan or a master plan or a town plan may be defined as a general plan for the layout of a city showing
both existing and proposed roads, residential zones, commercial zones, industrial zones etc.
A development plan is required either for the improvement of an old city or a new town to be developed from virgin soil.
Thus, a development plan is an ideal plan showing the full development of a town at some future date.
It aims at controlling the future growth of a town along preconceived and predetermined path.
It helps in restricting the haphazard and unplanned growth.
28.
29. Rohan Dasgupta
Master Plan or Development Plan
The development plan is proposed in the form of the following drawings:
i) boundaries of lands of different types such as residential, agricultural, industrial etc.
ii) boundary of green belt surrounding the town
iii) contours of the whole city
iv) different zones
v) landscape features
vi) locations of the public buildings and town centers
vii) open spaces including parks and playgrounds
viii) positions of natural springs, rivers and streams
ix) positions of the public utility services such as water supply station, sewage disposal plant, power plant etc.
x) road systems etc.
30. Rohan Dasgupta
Master Plan or Development Plan
Development plan is necessary for:
i) the control of development of various industries in a systematic way
ii) discouraging the growth of town in an unplanned and unscientific way
iii) giving a perspective picture of a fully developed town
iv) limiting to a certain extent the unprecedented flow of rural population to the urban area
v) offsetting the disadvantages due to overcrowding of population such as traffic congestion, insufficiency in public
amenities etc.
31. Rohan Dasgupta
Redevelopment of Buildings
Redevelopment is the process of demolishing existing old buildings and reconstructing it by appointing a builder who can
construct and handover new flats to the owners free of cost with some additional benefits and make profit by utilizing
balance plot potential by constructing additional flats and shops as per approval from the local municipal corporation.
It is a very practical, economical and long term solution in a scenario where old structures are proving uneconomical or
obsolete for the owners; whereas for the builder it is a cost effective way to construct residential/commercial premises by
utilizing the unused potential i.e. the Floor Space Index - Transferable Development Rights with gradual capital
investment, in times of heavy land prices and in a situation of unavailability of land in good locations.
Owners get several benefits like hassle free execution, extra carpet area, increase in flat's value and in most cases,
alternate accommodation/ reimbursement or rent compensation for the period the building is under construction.
Builders and developers, who opt to purchase new land and develop the same, incur huge stamp duty cost on transfer of
land. However, when it comes to redevelopment of old buildings, the stamp duty is reduced by a significant extent and
this acts as a major benefit for developers.
32. Rohan Dasgupta
Redevelopment of Buildings
Hence builders are on the lookout for properties with unused development rights where they can build a new structure of
a few storeys higher and sell those additional flats for a tidy profit for them.
However, there are many factors/questions that arise during the ongoing process of redevelopment and they are to be
taken care of diligently while opting for Redevelopment. These factors by and large are the prompt implementation of
Govt. Guidelines, delay in possession of flats in redevelopment of Housing Society, Bumps, Bash and Bouncers from
Builders, Busting of redevelopment projects of Housing Societies, Corrupt Members of Managing Committee, Faults, Facts
and Fundamentals about redevelopment, Drafting of Development Agreement, Responsibility of Members of the
Managing Committee in redevelopment, Letter of Consent to be furnished by a Member of the Housing Society,
Corruption in redevelopment, Redevelopment and sand shortage, Recovery of dues from defaulting members, Selection
of a good Builder, Unauthorized constructions by Builders and many more.
33. Rohan Dasgupta
Slum
A slum is usually a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units in a
situation of deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure.
Slum residences vary from shanty houses to professionally built dwellings which, because of poor-quality construction
and/or lack of basic maintenance, have deteriorated.
While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, supply of clean water, reliable
electricity, law enforcement, and other basic services.
Photo Courtesies: Wikipedia
34. Rohan Dasgupta
Slum: Problems
Vulnerability to Natural and Man-Made Hazards
Unemployment and Informal Economy
Violence
Infectious Diseases and Epidemics
Child Malnutrition
Other Non-Communicable Diseases
Photo Courtesy: Wikipedia
35. Rohan Dasgupta
Slum Rehabilitation: 1. Slum Upgrading
Upgrading the slum with basic infrastructure such as sanitation, safe drinking water, safe electricity distribution, paved
roads, rain water drainage system, and bus/metro stops.
The assumption behind this approach is that if slums are given basic services and tenure security – that is, the slum will
not be destroyed and slum residents will not be evicted, then the residents will rebuild their own housing, engage their
slum community to live better, and over time attract investment from government organizations and businesses.
In Mexico City for example, the government attempted to upgrade and urbanize settled slums in the periphery during the
1970s and 1980s by including basic amenities such as concrete roads, parks, illumination and sewage.
Photo Courtesy: blogs.comillas.edu
36. Rohan Dasgupta
Slum Rehabilitation: 2. Slum Removal & Redevelopment
The slum dwellers are first shifted to temporary housing;
often the builder pays for the rent.
The existing slum is demolished by the builder.
Builder builds many multi-storied buildings on the land.
Slum dwellers are offered apartment flats in those
buildings; often larger in size than their previous slum
dwelling in exchange of the land.
The builder sells rest of the apartment flats to other buyers
in order to make up for construction cost and profit.
Thus a win-win situation is created where the slum
dwellers, the builder as well as the government can
mutually benefit.