introduction of town planning

1. INTRODUCTION OF TOWN PLANNING
• Town planning is the planning and design of all the new
buildings, roads, and parks in a place in order to make them
attractive and convenient for the people who live there.

2. Town Planning involves both control of existing and new development, and
"strategic planning“ to ensure our resources are carefully managed to match
our future needs and expectations.
It is a technical and political process concerned with the development and use
of land, planning permission, protection and use of the environment, public
welfare, and the design of the environment, including air, water, and the
infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation,
communications, and distribution networks.
Town planning is also referred to as urban and regional planning, regional
planning, city planning, rural
planning or some combination in various areas worldwide

3. • “A city should be built to give its inhabitants security and
happiness” – Aristotle
• “A place where men had a common life for a noble end” –
Plato

4. O B J E C T S O F T O W N P L A N N I N G :
The four essential objects of any town planning scheme are:
a) Beauty:
The object of beauty can be achieved by taking the advantages
of natural conditions surrounding the town, and also by giving
architectural finishes to various components of town.

5. b) Convenience:
The object of convenience can be achieved by providing the
various economic, social, and recreational amenities to the
public. The amenities include cheap power and electricity,
adequate water supply, transport facilities etc.

6. c) Environment:
The environment should be molded in such a way that man can
go about his normal activities with the least amount of strain.
The complex problems of society such as tiresome travel to
work, long hour of work. Led toward serious mad-adjustment
between the human and type of life he had to live. This can be
adjusted by bringing better relation between man and his
environment. Harappan city sites, including Mohenjo Daro,
Harappa, Kalibangan, and Surkotada were having large
gateways at various entry points .

7. d) Health:
The object of health is accommodated in a town planning
scheme by making a right use of land for the right purpose, by
providing parks and play grounds for the public, by maintaining
the pollution of various forms to the lowest possible degree etc.

8. P R I N C I P L E O F T O W N P L A N N I N G :
Town Planning requires different profession especially those of
Engineering, Architecture and Surveying. The town not only
designed for the needs of the future generation, but the
probable growth of town should be suitably considered by town
planning. Some of the guiding principles of Town Planning are
given as;

9. 1. Green Built
2. Housing
3. Public Building
4. Recreation Centers
5. Road systems
6. Transport Facilities
7. Zoning

10. GREEN BELT
Provision of green built on the periphery of town results in the
limitation of its size, and hence final size
can be well anticipated.
HOUSING
Extreme care should be taken by providing accommodation to
different categories of people. It should be
observed that there will be no Slums development further and if
Slums are existing they are cleared by
providing some alternative arrangements.

11. PUBLIC BUILDING
There should be proper distribution of various public building
throughout the town. The
unnecessary building at town should be avoided.
RECREATIONAL CENTERS
Depending upon the size of town enough space should be
reserved for the development of recreational
centers for general public.

12. ROAD SYSTEM
The efficiency of town is measured by the layout of the road in
the town. If nicely designed road system
put a good impression in the mind of people and especially the
visitors.
TRANSPORT FACILITIES
The town should be provided with suitable transport facilities so
that there is the minimum loss of time
from place to work to the place of residence.

13. ZONING
The town should be divided into suitable zones. Such as
commercial zone, Residential zone, industrial zone
etc. And suitable rules should be formed for the development of
each zone.

14. NECESSITY OF TOWN PLANNING
It is evident that a small house, if well arranged and planned,
looks far better than a disordered big palace. In a similar way, a
town which is properly planned affords more comforts and
conveniences to the public.
The necessity of town planning can very well be appreciated by
mentioning the evil situations which a town has to face in the
absence of town planning.
They are as follows:

15. 1. Defective road system resulting in the formation of narrow
streets and lanes
2. Development of slums and squatter settlements
3. Haphazard location of industries
4. Heavy traffic congestion during the working hours of the day
5. Inadequate open spaces for parks and playgrounds
resulting in unhealthy living conditions
6. Lack of essential amentias like electricity water supply and
drainage
7. Noisy atmosphere disturbing the peace of city dwellers
8. Unhealthy living conditions

16. ORIGIN OF TOWNS
If a survey is carried out regarding the origin of some of the
important exiting towns and cities of the world, it can be easily
established that any town or city has originated because of
certain specific causes.
The contributing forces for the origin of towns and cities can be
broadly divided into two categories, namely, topographical and
functional.

17. The topographical features contributing to the origin of towns
are as follows:
1. Conditions favorable for industrial units
2. Hilly areas to achieve the object of defense
3. Plain areas useful for business activities
4. River banks, and
5. Sea or oceans fronts.

18. The functional aspects responsible for the origin od towns are
as follows:
1. Education
2. Health resorts
3. Political, and
4. Religious