This document summarizes the history and development of various modes of transportation including trains, ships, automobiles, buses, and air travel. It describes key events and innovations in each area from the 19th century to present day that expanded transportation infrastructure and stimulated travel and tourism, such as the first passenger rail lines in the 1800s, the rise of cruise ships in the mid-20th century, the mass production of automobiles in the early 1900s, the establishment of major bus companies in the 1920s-1930s, and the introduction of commercial jet aircraft in the late 1950s.

1. Historical Background of
Transportation

2. TRAIN
 19th and 20th centuries
Trains stimulated travel within the United
States of America, Canada, and Europe
 1841 – Britain had its first organized train
tour when Thomas Cook organized
excursion between Leicester and
Loughborough
 1851 – three million Englishmen boarded the
train to see the Great Exhibition in London

3. TRAIN
 The train was instrumental in
stimulating the development of many
seaside resorts in Britain
 1869 – The first transcontinental route
in the United States was completed
 Latter part of 1800’s and first part of the
1900’s , the train connected major
population and popular spas and resort
such as Niagara Falls, Long Beach,
Saratoga, New Jersey and Las Vegas

4. Amtrak Train

5. TRAIN
 1863 – long distance rail travel boosted
when George M. Pullman built Pullman
coach, a luxury first class sleeping and
dining facility
 In an effort to save the railroad
industry, the Rail Passenger Service
Act became a law in October 1970

6. TRAIN
 The act created the National Railroad
Passenger Corporation, now commonly
known as Amtrak, began its operations
in May 1971
 Canada’s equivalent of Amtrak, Via Rail
Canada was created in 1977
 Train travel has continued in Europe
and Asia more than in the US,
particularly long – distance travel

7. TRAIN
 The Euro City network (formerly the
Trans Europe Express – TEE ) as well
as other national lines provided
excellent rail service between major
cities in ten countries.
 Travel between Europe will be further
improved with the development and
construction of the Eurotunnel between
England and the continent

8. Eurotunnel

9. Eurotunnel
offers the
fastest route to
France,
crossing from
Folkestone to
Calais in just
35 minutes.

10. TRAIN
 The first sensational rail
accomplishment after World War II was
Japan’s shinkansen or bullet trains
which travel at speeds greater than 140
miles per hour
 These began operations in 1964 in time
for the Olympics in Japan
 At the present time Japan has the best
railroad system in the world, with
26,000 fast and efficient trains
scheduled a day

11. Japan's N700 Bullet Train

12. TRAIN
 France has its own supertrain, the Tres
Grande Vitesse which travels at a
speed of 175 miles per hour between
Paris and Lyons and Paris and
Marseilles
 In Russia, the Trans Siberian Railroad,
the longest in the world (5,787 miles)
links outlying Siberian industrial
regions and mining centers with
European - Russia

13. TRAIN
 In 1939, a number of European
countries introduced the Eurailpass
which allowed a traveler to use it for
two months of unlimited second- class
travel on any of the rail systems of
these countries.

15. MTR Disneyland Resort Line
 Travel on the railway network of MTR
and interchange for the Disneyland
Resort Line at Sunny Bay Station.
– Only 23 minutes from the Hong Kong
International Airport, MTR Airport
station,
– 30 minutes from MTR Kowloon station
and
– 33 minutes from MTR Hong Kong
station

17. SHIP
 The steamship era began in 1840 when
Sir Samuel Cunard pioneered the first
transatlantic – schedule liner trips
 In the late 1960’s the era of travel by
ships expired because of the
introduction of the jet aircraft.
 Cruise ships took the place of
regularly-scheduled passenger ships

18. Sir Samuel Cunard, 1st
Baronet (21 November
1787 – 28 April 1865) was a
Canadian-born British
shipping magnate

20. SHIP
 The cruise industry is largely owned by
European companies which are located
in Denmark, Norway, Holland , Italy,
Germany, Great Britain and Greece
 Another role of the ship travel and
tourism is ferrying or the use of ferry
boats

22. 7,107 Islands Cruise
 ECO Cultural Tourism (ECT) Islands
has launched a 7,107 Islands Cruise
covering the Philippine tourism
triangle of Palawan, Boracay and
Puerto Galera.

24. Holland America Line

25. AUTOMOBILE
 The real inventor of the automobile was
Carl Benz, of Mannheim, Germany.
 1885 – 1886 – he combined the bicycle
and the international –combustion
engine and designed the complete
vehicle consisting of the engine,
chassis and transmission
 1908 - Henry Ford, produced his Model
T car

26. Carl Benz
Henry Ford

27. AUTOMOBILE
 The growth of car ownership
necessitated road improvements
 The United States federal government
participated in the construction and
maintenance of roads when it passed
an act in 1916, matching state
appropriations for new roads
 It was climaxed by the interstate act in
1949 which allowed traveler to move
coast to coast, border to border

28. AUTOMOBILE
 1940- the first turnpike was built in
Pennsylvania
 1930’s – German constructed their
network of autobannen, these four-lane
divided highways were the world’s first
high speed roads
 The automobile stimulated tourism by
creating attractions along tourist routes
made accessible by the automobile

29. A New Jersey Turnpike Toll Gate for
Exit 8A in Monroe Township, NJ

30. AUTOMOBILE
 Two important aspects of automobile
travel are recreational vehicles and car
rentals
 1918 - Car rental industry began when a
Chicago Ford dealer started to rent
secondhand motel T’s
 1924 – the company was bought by
John D. Hertz, the founder of yellow
Cab Company

32. AUTOMOBILE
 1946 – Avis, the biggest competitor of
Hertz was founded by a retired US Air
Force officer, Warren E. Avis
 Avis specialized in airport rental
locations
 1948 – Avis started downtown rental
locations
 It was during the same period that
National Car Rental was organized

33. AUTOMOBILE
 Four companies that dominated the US
market : Hertz, Avis, Budget and
National
 Other companies: Alamo, Dollar, Thrifty
and General
 1960’s and early 1970’s can be
attributed to the introduction of
fly/drive concept

34. BUS/MOTORCOACH
 Bus travel is the most flexible and
economical form of transportation.
 1900’s – in the United States, buses
were first used to carry passengers
intercity
 1928 – Greyhound Company , the
largest privately owned bus company
in the world , was established

35. BUS/MOTORCOACH
 Bus performs two major roles:
1. to provide a regular schedule of
intercity passenger transportation
services
2. to provide charter and tour services
 Charter and tour service is the fastest
growing segment of the bus or motor
coach industry

36. BUS/MOTORCOACH
 The increasing demand for
motorcoach tours, coupled with the
improvement of buses could result in
the future expansion of the bus
charter and tour segment of tourism

37. AIR
 The history of air transportation can
be divided into three parts – pre
World War II, World II, and post
World War II
 December 17, 1903 - Wright Brothers
took a flight on a beach in North
Carolina which lasted 12 seconds
with a distance of 120 feet

38. AIR
 1927 – the air industry developed
regularly scheduled passenger trips
between Boston and New York
 In the United States, almost all early
airlines started by carrying mail for
the post office – one of the first was
Varney , which later became United
Airlines

39. AIR
 Western Airlines - began its
passenger service on April 17, 1926
 Pan American Airways had the first
international flight in 1927 when it
carried mail from Key West, Florida
to Havana, Cuba

40. AIR
 World War II influenced the airline
industry - further improve airplanes
by accelerating technological
research to improve their size and
speed
 Timesaving aspects and cost
effectiveness – aided the growth of
the airline industry

41. AIR
 Late 1950’s and early 1960’s – commercial
jet aircraft were introduced increasing the
speed of travel, creating smoother flights
and greater seating capacity
 1970’s – introduction of wide – bodied
aircrafts such as Douglas DC 10 , Boeing
747 , the Lockheed Tristar 1011 and the
European Aerobus

42. AIR
 1980’s – further improvement with
the introduction of the Dc 9 – 80 and
Boeing 757 and 767 designed for fuel
operation
 Boeing 747 – 400 which will have
range of 8,000 miles and seating
capacity of 418

43. AIR
 Boeing
 McDonell Douglas
 Lockheed
 Airbus

44. AIR
 The factors associated with the recent
boom in air travel include:
1. world economy
2. rising standard of living
3. quality of air service
 Introduction of charter services
 Freddie Laker, a British entrepreneur
introduced a London – New York route