Transportation involves moving people or things from one place to another via various modes like walking, biking, vehicles, ships, and planes. The document outlines the historical evolution of transportation systems through seven eras from pre-industrial to modern times. Key developments include the introduction of stagecoaches, railways, automobiles, air travel, and factors influencing the selection of transportation modes.

1. TRANSPORTATION

2. Transportation
- moving people or things from one place to another.
Walking is a form of transportation. So is riding on a
horse or a bike, or in a bus, train or car, or even in plane.

3. Transportation and Travel Evolution
Seven Eras:
Pre-Industrial Travel System Era
• Period before the widespread industrialization in Europe and North America.
• There was a little travel
• No regularly scheduled transportation services
• Only few people had the money and the reason to travel.
• Era of the stagecoach and the wayside-inn.
• Travelers made their own arrangements

4. Stagecoach
- a four-wheeled vehicle pulled by horses or mules
- Invented by JOHN DARLWIN
- widely used before the introduction of railway transport
- originated in England
- most popular mode of transport in BRITAIN in the 17th
- travels 10-15 miles
WAY-SIDE INN

5. Early- Industrial Travel System Era
• Road improvements such as railways, canals and steamship services were brought about due to rapid
industrialization and advances in transportation technology.
• Common carriers; began to offer regularly scheduled transportation services,
• Travel increased because more people who had money travel.
- Richard Trevithick
Robert Fulton, 1807

6. Mature-Railway System Era
• Railways began to expand there tourist services like accommodation.
• Provided services more aggressively
• Travel agencies and tour operator companies were formed
• Thomas Cook was one of the innovators of this field in UK.
• More people were travelling
THOMAS COOK – England, founded the travel agency

7. Express- Travel System Era
• Express services increased
• Increased the speed of travel and encourages more travel than before
Automobile-Based Travel System Era
• Introduction of Privately owned automobiles
• Pre dominant over other travel modes
• Car ownership boomed in North America

8. Modern-Tourism Travel System Era
• Era where car ownership continued to grow at a fast rate, mainly at the expense of long-distance
rail travel.
• mass tourism emerged
• Introduction of wide bodied jets

9. • Present Era is one which travelers continue to look
to alternative, group oriented of transportation.

10. Historical Development of Transport System
- The desire to travel is stimulated with the improvement in
transportation.
- before World War I, it took seven days for travelers to go from coast to
coast by steam locomotive.
- by 1950, travelers could compete the journey in two and a half days by
train.
- in 1938, an airplane with the speed of 400 miles an hour made possible
nonstop coast to coast flights of less than eight hours.
- in 1950, travel time from coast to coast was lessened to four hours.
- at present, the Concorde can make a flight in two and a half hours.

11. Selection of Transportation Mode
the most common reasons are
• Cost/price
• Traveling time
• Safety
• Convenience
• Comfort
• Availability
• Frequency of trips
• Ground services
• Terminal facilities and locations

12. Travel by Train
• First train inventor “George
Stephenson”.
• in 1852, three million of Englishmen
boarded the train to see the Great
Exhibition in London.
• became the primary means of
movement with in the United States.
• the popularity of the train lasted only
for a brief period after World War II
when automobile began to gain more
popularity as passenger transportation

13. • Safety
• Ability to look out of the train and see its
scenery along the route
• Ability to get up and walk around
• Arriving at the destination rested and relaxed
• Personal Comfort
The Negative factors of Rail Travel
are:
- Slowness in reaching the
destination
- Inflexible departure times
- Lack of quality in food services

14. Europeans believed that the train was more efficient form of transportation from city center to city
center on trips up to 300 miles.
The first sensational rail accomplishment after World War II was Japan’s shinkansen or bullet trains which
travel at speeds greater than 140 miles per hour.
Japan has the best railroad system in the world with 26,000 fast and efficient trains scheduled a day.
Japan has plan for trains which travel at speeds of 300 miles per hour. The Japanese rail system is heavily
subsidized by the government.

15. France has its own super train, the TRES GRANDE VITESSE
which travels at a speed of 175 miles per hour between Paris and
Lyons and Paris and Marseilles.
Russia has Trans-Siberian Railroad, the longest in the world.
(5,787 miles) links outlying Siberian industrial regions and mining
centers with European-Russia. Railroads are important to the
Russian company.

16. Travel by Ship
Preceded travel by train but it was not until the middle of the 19th
century that travel by ocean liners began to become prominent.
Ocean liners were used to provide an important link to passengers
among continents.
At present, water transport has two major roles in travel and tourism ---
ferrying and cruising.

17. Steamship Era
• began in 1840
• Sir Samuel Cunard, pioneered the first transatlantic-scheduled liner trips.
• era of travel by ships expired late 1960’s, cruise ship took the place of
regularly scheduled passenger ships many passengers were converted into
cruise ships
• those that were too old or too large were junked or scrapped. Others that had
historical value were converted into tourist attractions.

18. Queen Mary Ship

19. Cruises are more of a vacation experience than a
transportation mode.

20. Cruises are divided intro three types:
• Short cruises – 1 week or less
• Intermediate cruises – last one to four weeks
• Long cruises – go around the world and take one to three months.
Cruise ship may be divided into large vessels which can
accommodate 180 more passengers and small vessels which can
carry less than 100 passengers. They are called mini-cruises or
ultra yacht.

21. Caribbean Cruise
- world’s largest cruise
destination.

22. Travel by Automobile
• Carl Benz of Manheim, Germany: 1885-1886 combined the bicycle and international
combustion engine first creating the first engine consisting an engine chassis and transmission.
• Henry Ford making his own model the “T-Car” built with more technique and massive
production. Which we still use his car in the modern day today “ford”
The growth of car ownership necessitated road improvements. The US participated in the act of
Road maintenance in 1916.
Growth of industry lead for travelers to travel locally by land with owned automobiles and travel
by air with rental in a foreign country.

24. • Travel by Bus/Motor coach
• Most flexible and economical form of transportation
• Used to carry passengers through the intercity in early 1900.
• Greyhound company – worlds largest privately-owned bus company in the world.
Traveled from LA to New York in 5 days.
Bus performs two major roles.
1. Provides a regular schedule for intercity passenger transportation services
2. Provide charter and tour services.

26. Travel by Air
Had a revolutionary impact on tourism from World War II and
onward.
History of air transportation –
1. Pre-World War ii
2. World War ii
3. Post-World War ii

28. • is a form of travel in vehicles such as helicopters, hot air
balloons, blimps, gliders, hang gliding, parachuting, airplanes or anything else
that can sustain flight.
• Use of air travel has greatly increased in recent decades - worldwide it
doubled between the mid-1980s and the year 2000.
• can be separated into two general
classifications: national/domestic and international flights. Flights from one
point to another within the same country are called domestic flights. Flights
from a point in one country to a point within a different country are known as
international flights.

29. With so many people flying around the world, the first type of
plane that might come into mind is a passenger or commercial
plane. There are many sizes of commercial planes, but they all
serve the same purpose of transporting groups of people from
location to location