Totalitarism in Art
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The document discusses the art of totalitarian regimes such as Nazi Germany, Stalinist Soviet Union, and Fascist Italy between 1922-1953. It describes how the dictators manipulated art to promote their ideologies and glorify themselves and the state. Art focused on themes like large public works, portraits of leaders, and the idealization of the body. Specific artists and styles endorsed by each regime are also mentioned. The objective was to use art for propaganda purposes rather than individual expression.
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The Italian Futurism movement began in 1909 with the publishing of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's manifesto. It was the first avant-garde art movement that rejected tradition and the past in favor of technical experimentation. The movement glorified speed, technology, and modernity and aimed to fuse objects with space through emphasizing dynamism and movement in an emotive way. While the futurists portrayed themselves as socialists, they were more interested in nationalism and the intellectual avant-garde as the new aristocracy than workers' struggles. The movement lasted until the end of World War 1.
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Modernism was a loose collection of artistic movements and styles in the early 20th century that rejected historical styles and applied ornament. It embraced abstraction and believed that design and technology could transform society. Some key aspects of Modernism included Suprematism's use of basic geometric shapes, Constructivism's view of art as an instrument for social purposes, and the Bauhaus school's goal of combining all the arts in an ideal unity.
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Futurism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement founded by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in 1909. It celebrated speed, technology, youth, violence and modern objects while rejecting traditional forms of culture. Key Futurist artists included Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, and Natalia Goncharova, whose works used techniques like divisionism and cubism to depict motion and modern life. While initially an Italian movement, Futurism later influenced other art forms and 20th century art movements globally.
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The document discusses several key aspects of modernism in early 20th century art and culture. It covers uncertainties and disillusionment in themes in modern art. Important influences included Darwin's theory of evolution, Freud's theories of psychoanalysis, and developments in physics like relativity and quantum mechanics. Many modernist art movements aimed to break from traditions, including Cubism, Surrealism, Dada, Expressionism, and the Bauhaus school. Key figures discussed include Picasso, Kandinsky, Dali, Magritte, and modernist authors like Kafka, Joyce, Woolf, and Orwell.
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Impressionism emerged in the late 19th century among Paris-based artists seeking to capture fleeting moments in their works. Expressionism originated in early 20th century Germany as a modernist movement where artists expressed emotional experiences through distorted perspectives rather than physical realism. Dadaism arose after World War I as an anti-war movement where artists rebelled against social norms through dream-like, surprising non-styles. Surrealism further developed these ideas to depict illogical dream worlds beyond conscious reality. Futurism began in early 1900s Italy to celebrate the modern age through dynamic works depicting speed, motion, and machinery. Cubism influenced these later styles by presenting fragmented perspectives of subjects from multiple angles.
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Modernism
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Futurism
Futurism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement founded by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in 1909. It celebrated speed, technology, youth, violence and modern objects while rejecting traditional forms of culture. Key Futurist artists included Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, and Natalia Goncharova, whose works used techniques like divisionism and cubism to depict motion and modern life. While initially an Italian movement, Futurism later influenced other art forms and 20th century art movements globally.
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The document discusses several key aspects of modernism in early 20th century art and culture. It covers uncertainties and disillusionment in themes in modern art. Important influences included Darwin's theory of evolution, Freud's theories of psychoanalysis, and developments in physics like relativity and quantum mechanics. Many modernist art movements aimed to break from traditions, including Cubism, Surrealism, Dada, Expressionism, and the Bauhaus school. Key figures discussed include Picasso, Kandinsky, Dali, Magritte, and modernist authors like Kafka, Joyce, Woolf, and Orwell.
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Impressionism emerged in the late 19th century among Paris-based artists seeking to capture fleeting moments in their works. Expressionism originated in early 20th century Germany as a modernist movement where artists expressed emotional experiences through distorted perspectives rather than physical realism. Dadaism arose after World War I as an anti-war movement where artists rebelled against social norms through dream-like, surprising non-styles. Surrealism further developed these ideas to depict illogical dream worlds beyond conscious reality. Futurism began in early 1900s Italy to celebrate the modern age through dynamic works depicting speed, motion, and machinery. Cubism influenced these later styles by presenting fragmented perspectives of subjects from multiple angles.
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German Expressionism developed in late 19th and early 20th century Germany and was characterized by the use of vivid colors and distorted images to convey inner emotions and visions. Two major German Expressionist movements were Die Brucke, centered in Dresden and led by Ernst Kirschner, known for his expressive self-portraits and street scenes, and Der Blaue Reiter, which pursued non-objective abstraction through orchestration of color and form to envision a liberated society. Key figures included Kandinsky, whose abstract compositions eliminated representation, and Franz Marc, known for works like Foxes that distorted reality to evoke feelings. Expressionism also influenced other creative fields and the American artist Marsden
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Constructivism
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In the early 20th century, the center of the art world moved from Paris to New York. Major developments included Social Realism, Abstraction, Cubism influenced by African art, and the Armory Show which introduced European modernism to America. In the 1950s-60s, Pop Art emerged in response to Abstract Expressionism, appropriating images from popular culture. Other movements included Color Field painting, Earth works, and Dada/Surrealism with its emphasis on the subconscious. Key artists mentioned include Pollock, Rothko, Warhol, Duchamp, Kahlo, and Oldenburg.
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Totalitarism in Art
- 1. The art of the Totalitarism Lucía Caballero Rubio. 4ºB
- 2. Index: Introduction Objetives of the art of the Totalitarism Common theme Nazi Art Stalin Art Fascist Art
- 3. Introduction: All the world knows about Fascism, I-II World War, its weapons, battles, heroes, and of course its victims…but nobody looks in other aspects of the society for example the art in the dictatorships.
- 4. Introduction: During the period between 1922 to 1953 Art was converted in the expression of the ideologies with propagandistic objectives: The art should teach, inform, and inculcate the ideologies of the State. The dictators stimulate art pieces with neoclassic or realistic style. They try to show the nation’s triumphs and the dictators were myths. The visual art was used to symbolize the triumph of this ideologies.
- 5. Objectives The individual desire for experiment and investigate was suppressed. Artistic ideal = Racial ideal
- 6. Common theme: Large Public buildings. Portraits of the dictators. New factories, buildings and highways. Big concentrations of mass. Glorify the healthy body Heroic education Death cult
- 7. Nazi Art
- 8. Hitler, when he was young, was a homeless. He did a lot of paintings and he sold in the streets of Viena. He liked the opera.
- 10. Until the rise of power of National Socialism in Germany considered modern art, but now Germany requires a German art again and it must and will be like all creative values of a new town, a modern art . ( Discourse of Adolf Hitler in the inaguration of the Gran exhibición del arte alemán, 1937)
- 11. Arquitecture: Big edifices. Symmetry and Nazi symbols.
- 12. Famous architects: Albert Speer: Hitler wanted to created a new city,GERMANIA.
- 13. Famous architects: Paul Ludwig Troost
- 14. Painting and sculpture: They had obsession by the race. The art pieces was found inspiration in the ancient art. Arno Brecker
- 15. New Reich Chancery Gallery
- 16. Famous artists: Josef Thorak Georg Kolbe Arno Breker ( He was the favorite painter of Hitler) Udo Wendel Adolf Wissel The Art Journal by Udo Wendel
- 17. Farm Family from Kahlenberg by Adolf Wissel
- 18. Aphrodite by Joseph Thorak
- 19. Cinema: Leni Riefenstahl produced two films for Hitler: Olimpia I and Olimpia II The triumph of the liberty.
- 20. Photography: • Hoffman ( He was the favorite photographer of Hitler)
- 21. Graphic desing: They used posters, flags and slogans. Symbols: Eagle Torch Swastika
- 23. Music: Richard Wagner Carl Off Richard Strauss
- 24. Stalin Art
- 25. Arquitecture: Was called Arquitectura Gótica Stalinista. The proyect was to built the Soviets Palace. Metro of Moscú Skycrapers ‘’La arquitctura es una parte indispensable de la cultura socialista, el realismo socialista exige una arquitectura verdadera’’ (Stalin)
- 26. Famous Architects: Vladimir Schuko Ivan Formin Ivan Vladislavovich Soldier Monument by Yevgeni Vuchétich
- 27. Painting: Historic realism "Rosas para Stalin" - Boris Vladimirski
- 28. Painters: Ivan Brodsky Aleksandr Deyneka Boris Kustodier Isaak Brodsky Aleksandre Guerasimov mirski Lenin by I.Brodski.
- 29. Sculptors: ´´La madre patria llama’’ by Yeugeni Vuchétich
- 30. Sculptors: ´´Soldier Monument `` by Yevgeni Vuchétich
- 31. Fascist Art
- 32. Introduction and objetives: The Fascist ideology was transmitted by the schools, mass media and culture. Objetives: Heroic realism. Advertising
- 33. Futurism: It was a new style created in this period. It was found by Marinetti. Expressed admiration for modern machines, and the exaltation of youth, militarism, speed, war and patriotism. Group 7
- 34. Painters: Group 7: Marcello Piacentini Giuseppe Terragni Luigi Moretti Palace of congress by Adalberto Angiolo Mazzoni Libera Duilio Cambellotti Giuseppe Pagano Adalberto Libera
- 35. Sculptors: Arturo Martini Marcello Piacentini Giuseppe Terragni Luigi Moretti Angiolo Mazzoni
- 36. Arquitecture: Giuseppe Terragni Marcello Piacentini Giuseppe Terragni Luigi Moretti Angiolo Mazzoni
- 37. Palace of the civilization by Marcello Piacentini
- 38. Cinema: Luce institute Cineccita studies
- 39. Bibliographie: EL PALACIO DE LOS SOVIETS" de N. Atarov, Ediciones Pueblos Unidos, Montevideo. La estética nazi. Eric Michaud. Arquitectura en la era de Stalin. Alex Tarkhanov Diccionario critico de mitos Nacismo. Rosa Sala Atlas ilustrado del Fascismo.El arte al servicio del poder. Varios autores Futurismo. Antonio Fernández García