The document discusses totalitarian architecture in the 1930s, specifically under Nazi Germany. It describes how totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Stalinist Soviet Union demanded architecture be used for propaganda to promote the state's power and ideology. The regimes suppressed modern architecture in favor of styles like neoclassicism that evoked strength and tradition. In Germany, the Nazis rejected modernism and used architecture and art as weapons to unify the Aryan race and spread their message. Buildings like the House of German Art and Zeppelin Field were designed as stages to host Nazi events and embody their principles through symbolic neoclassical styles.
Neoclassical style produced both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
Neoclassical style produced both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque.
Post-Modern Architecture - An international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
Short power point showing the various styles and transitions of architecture. Also includes models built by architects. This is a good piece to introduce a model building project with high school or college age students.
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
Geschiedenis - Oorlog - Traditie en de moderne tijd in Duitsland
I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
Post-Modern Architecture - An international architectural movement that emerged in the 1960s, became prominent in the late 1970s and 80s, and remained a dominant force in the 1990s.
Short power point showing the various styles and transitions of architecture. Also includes models built by architects. This is a good piece to introduce a model building project with high school or college age students.
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
Geschiedenis - Oorlog - Traditie en de moderne tijd in Duitsland
I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
How a cultured nation, such as Germany perpetrated such crimes under the Nazi...Danielle Underwood
Assesses the beginnings of how a regime like the Nazi Party could gain such wide support in Germany. Analyses how a cultured nation allowed the development of the Nazis’ ethnic racial policy.
Geschiedenis - Nazi Propaganda en verzet
I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
After my lecture for the International Conference for Curators of Contemporary Art (IKT) in Siena in 2001, I was invited by the Vestjaellands Kunstmuseum in Denmark to write an essay in the framework of "Industry of Vision" a project and exhibition that addressed and questioned historical and contemporary Utopias and Heterotopias.
Fascism, Communism, Nazism: The Abuse of Philosophy and Art in the Pursuit of...Laura Govia
This is first of a two-part slide show designed to review the literary periods we have studied thus far and how the ideas of those eras were misappropriated and grossly misinterpreted by the Nazis.
The second part will cover historical and cultural contexts leading up to Hitler's rise to power.
It is important to know how all of this came about in order to fully understand the aims of postmodernism, which is a response to the atrocities committed from 1933-1945.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Unleash Your Inner Demon with the "Let's Summon Demons" T-Shirt. Calling all fans of dark humor and edgy fashion! The "Let's Summon Demons" t-shirt is a unique way to express yourself and turn heads.
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Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
2. Totalitarian
Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political system where the
state, usually under the control of a single political person, faction, or
class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate
every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.
Totalitarian regimes or movements maintain political power through
an all encompassing propaganda disseminated through the state-
controlled mass media, a single party that is often marked by personality
cultism, control over the economy, regulation and restriction of speech,
mass surveillance, and widespread use of state terrorism.
Joseph Stalin-Soviet Dictator
(1924-1953)
Benito Mussolini-Ruler of Italy
(1922-1943)
Mao Zedong - Founder and ruler of
Communist China (1949-1976)
3. World War 1 (1914-1918) World War 2 (1939-1945)
The period between WW1 and WW2 saw the rise of dictatorial
governments in several European nations.
Period also saw the suppression of modern architectural ideals in
these the totalitarian states:
Germany
Spain
Italy
Soviet Union
The totalitarian regimes demanded that architecture be used as
propaganda and images of the state emphasizing:
Monumentality
Strength
Celebration & achievements of political power
Housing projects based on local national traditions.
5. Architecture & The State
The representation of power and ideology of the state is largely a
historicist approach - conservatism.
Modernism is deemed unsatisfactory due to its tendency to
reduce all forms to abstraction and the failure of abstract forms to
communicate any architectural and emotional experience.
Therefore, the term „the new tradition’ was coined in 1929 to
classify this particular conservative trend - a consciously ‘modernized’
classicism.
Main factors for the emergence of this new approach:
Rise of new nationalism.
Reductionist tendencies of modernist deemed inadequate to
portray power and ideology - failure of abstract forms to
communicate.
6. The Nazi revolution in Germany needed architecture to bequeath a new image to history.
Architecture of the Third Reich
7. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names
for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National
Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), which established a
totalitarian dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945.
Third Reich
The emblem and identity in the form of
the hooked cross of the swastika to
becomes a mighty and frightening
symbol of the Nazi Party.
8. Art became a weapon in the Nazi regime’s arsenal - an important
element in the strengthening the Third Reich and purifying the nation.
Art and architecture to overcome the differences in social classes
and unifying the Germans as one ideal race.
The task of art in the Third Reich was to shape the population’s
attitudes by carrying political messages with stereotyped concepts of
art forms - political aims and artistic impression becoming a single
element - Hitler portrayed as national saviour in all propaganda
posters
Modern art had no place in the Third Reich.
9. Hitler - propaganda must be aimed at people’s emotions rather
than their intellect.
Poster of Hitler depicting him as a kind, gentle leader with
immense strength and passion for art and culture.
Role of artists’ was to portray Germany as:
Peaceful or
Drawn into a struggle to defend it.
10. Josef Thorak
Comradeship 1937
Sculpture was used to express the National
Socialist obsession with race and biology -
depicted what an typical Aryan would be like
in physical perfection - the National Socialist
ideal of the human form.
11. Speer invented the theory of ‘ruin
value.’ - all new buildings would be
constructed in such a way that they
would leave aesthetically pleasing
ruins thousands of years in the
future. Such ruins would be a
testament to the greatness of the
Third Reich, just as ancient Greek
or Roman ruins were symbols of the
greatness of their civilizations
sometimes called 'the first architect
of the Third Reich'. He was Hitler's
chief architect in Nazi Germany.
Replaced Paul Troost as the Party’s
chief architect in 1934.
Albert Speer – the architect
12. Rejection of the Modern Style
Modern Architecture rejected because it was deemed cosmopolitan
and degenerate, except for use in efficient industrial buildings and
factories.
The regime opted for the adoption of:
the quaint vernacular style for housing
a monumental style for public buildings.
Regime did not reject modern technology:
Advance building techniques hidden behind neoclassical
facades.
Reductionist tendencies of modernism did not represent the power
and ideology of the state.
13. Adoption of the Neoclassical
Neoclassicism had the function of giving expression to the existing
form of government; legitimizing them and of contributing to its
consolidation.
An architecture of permanence and with historical reference was
adopted:
Expression of historical relations with past empires
Expression of the power and stability of the state.
In the Nazi regime, the format for formal government buildings
became monumental.
The recognition of architecture as being central to the regime was in
the fact that Hitler viewed himself as master builder of the Third
Reich.
14. 3 primary roles of Nazi Architecture:
1.
2.
3.
Stage - Nazi buildings were stages for communal activity,
creations of space meant to embody the principles on which
Nazi ideology was built.
Symbolic - representation of Greek and Roman tradition
Didactic - Instructive or intended to teach or demonstrate,
especially with regard to morality.
they saw architecture as a method of producing buildings not just for
a function, but also served a larger purpose.
For example, the House of German Art had the function of housing
art, but through its form, style and design it had the purpose of being
a community structure built using an Aryan style, which acted as a
kind of temple to acceptable German art.
15. For example, the House of German Art had the function of housing
art, but through its form, style and design it had the purpose of being
a community structure built using an Aryan style, which acted as a
kind of temple to acceptable German art.
17. House of German Art
Paul Ludwig Troost 1933-37
Had the function of housing art, but through
its form, style and design it had the purpose
of being a community structure built using an
Aryan style,
Served as a kind of temple to acceptable
German art.
20. Opening of the 1934 “Party Congress” in
Luitpold Hall (Documentation Centre).
21. Thingplatz , Berlin 1934
The Nazi Propaganda Ministry under Joseph Goebbels began a movement
based on the „Blut und Boden‟ (Blood and Soil) ideology - called the ‘Thing’
movement.
A Thing was an ancient Nordic/Germanic gathering of the people, in an
outdoor setting. The Nazi Thing gatherings were to be held in specially-
constructed outdoor amphitheaters theThingplatz or Thingstätte.
The Thing sites were to be built as much as possible in a natural setting,
incorporating rocks, trees, water bodies, ruins, and hills of some historical or
mythical significance.
22. The people would gather
for meetings and to view
theater and propaganda
presentations written especially
for the Thing style.
23. Architecture became the most forceful expression of the National Socialist idea:
Here ‘the word had become stone’ in order to express true German greatness.
30. Olympic Stadium, Berlin
The government saw the Olympics as a golden
opportunity to promote their Nazi ideology. Film-
maker Leni Riefenstahl, a favorite of Hitler, was
commissioned to film the Games. The film, titled
Olympia, was arguably a piece of propaganda.
Prora 1936 -39
A Nazi-planned spa on the island Rügen, Germany.
The eight buildings are identical, and while they
were planned as a holiday locale, they were never
used for this purpose.
31. Welthauptstadt Germania , Berlin
„World Capital‟ - projected renewal of Berlin, part
of his vision for the future of Germany after the
planned victory in World War II.
It was designed to become the ultimate
architectural realization of National Socialist
ideology,
It had a giant avenue from south to north, which
was the highlight of the new city.
Adolph Hitler
New Triumphal Arch over the
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin1925
33. Nazi Propaganda and Censorship
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007677
Fascist architecture in Germany
http://www.nyc-architecture.com/ARCH/Notes-Fascist-GER.htm
http://brainz.org/10-most-evil-propaganda-techniques-used-nazis/
10 Most Evil Propaganda Techniques Used by the Nazis