The document discusses district cooling systems (DCS), including:
1. DCS involve centralized chilled water production and distribution to multiple buildings through underground pipes for air conditioning. This is more efficient than individual building chillers.
2. Examples of DCS in Malaysia include serving Kuala Lumpur International Airport since 1997 and government buildings in Putrajaya since 1999.
3. The Bangsar DCS in Kuala Lumpur uses thermal energy storage at night to take advantage of lower electricity rates, supplying hotels, offices and other buildings during the day.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
Natural ventilation and air movement could-be considered under the heading of 'structural controls’ as it does not rely on any form of energy supply or mechanical installation, but due to its importance for human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
Inverter Technology in Air ConditionersAdil Siddiqui
Rising Sales Trend of Inverter technology based Air conditioners in Pakistan.
So what exactly is this Inverter-based air conditioning and how it is different from the existing technology? Let’s examine that:
Technology
Components
Benefits
Savings
Its the detailed process of the Centralized Air conditioning system. It is the apt notes required for architecture students. It has the components and sub topics with the detailed explanation of the mechanism of how it works
This power point presentation gives you information about the general terms related to electricity, different types of wire, different type of currents and different system of wiring.
The presentation was prepared by
Dhawani Lavish J. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Lalwani Piyush P.(civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Modi Parth P. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic).
Thank You!!!
Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space by natural means, meaning without the use of a fan or other mechanical system. It uses outdoor air flow caused by pressure differences between the building and its surrounding to provide ventilation and space cooling.
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
Poster presentation on NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERMusanna Galib
‘THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT’, 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 2015, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Natural ventilation and air movement could-be considered under the heading of 'structural controls’ as it does not rely on any form of energy supply or mechanical installation, but due to its importance for human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
Inverter Technology in Air ConditionersAdil Siddiqui
Rising Sales Trend of Inverter technology based Air conditioners in Pakistan.
So what exactly is this Inverter-based air conditioning and how it is different from the existing technology? Let’s examine that:
Technology
Components
Benefits
Savings
Its the detailed process of the Centralized Air conditioning system. It is the apt notes required for architecture students. It has the components and sub topics with the detailed explanation of the mechanism of how it works
This power point presentation gives you information about the general terms related to electricity, different types of wire, different type of currents and different system of wiring.
The presentation was prepared by
Dhawani Lavish J. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Lalwani Piyush P.(civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic)
Modi Parth P. (civil engineering student, Tolani Foundation Gandhidham Polytechnic).
Thank You!!!
Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space by natural means, meaning without the use of a fan or other mechanical system. It uses outdoor air flow caused by pressure differences between the building and its surrounding to provide ventilation and space cooling.
HVAC is typically responsible for around 40% of the energy consumption in a building. Frequently, this is the largest energy consuming type of equipment on a site and can therefore provide significant scope for saving energy and money. This fact sheet covers common types of HVAC and will guide you in the right direction to identify energy efficient HVAC initiatives.
Poster presentation on NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERMusanna Galib
‘THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT’, 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 2015, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUC...Sayeed Mohammed
This poster was presented at 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 03-04, 2015, University of Dhaka
Abstract
Cooling towers use the principle of evaporative cooling to remove process heat from the cooling water and reduces its temperature to the wet-bulb air temperature. It is a heat and mass transfer device. This method of cooling provides with efficient and environment-friendly method of cooling particularly in locations where sufficient cooling water cannot be easily obtained from natural sources or where concern for the environment imposes some limits on the temperature at which cooling water can be returned to the surrounding. Cooling towers are an important part of the nuclear power plants which remove heat from coolant (water) of the condenser and recirculate it. Natural draft cooling towers represent a relatively inexpensive and dependable means of removing heat from cooling water as air inside it is circulated by natural convection, no mechanical means such as fans propellers are needed. The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions. This paper provides the analysis of designing a natural draft cooling tower considering all these parameters with the help of trial and iterative method. The effect of height, diameter, and the type of filling material selected, are studied.
In hot climates such as the Gulf Cooperating Council (GCC) region, the cooling systems demand represents approximately 50% and up to 70% of total and peak electricity consumptions, respectively. In Iraq cooling shares about 75% of the electricity consumption.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During
manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent
amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an
air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in
different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of
June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to
atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling
tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and
ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. 1. Palm District Cooling
2. Qatar Cool Overview
3. District Cooling System Installation
and Overview in Baltimore (Q3)
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
4. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS/ DEFINITIONS OF
DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM
• District Cooling Systems (DCS) is a system which
distribute chilled water or other media, usually
provided from a dedicated cooling plant, to multiple
buildings for air conditioning or other uses.
OR
• District Cooling System (DCS) can be defined as
centralized production and distribution of chilled water
from a cooling plant to residential, commercial and
industrial facilities trough a network of underground
pipes.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
5. OBJECTIVE OF DCS
To centralized production
of chilled water by using district
cooling plant. The generated
chilled water will then be
channeled to various
building blocks thru pre-
insulated seamless
underground pipes.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
6. WHAT IS DISTRICT COOLING?
1. DC means the centralized production and distribution of
cooling energy. Chilled water is delivered via an
underground insulated pipeline to office, industrial and
residential buildings to cool the indoor air of the buildings
within a district. Specially designed units in each building
then use this water to lower the temperature of air
passing through the building's ACS.
1. The output of one cooling plant is enough to meet the
cooling-energy demand of dozens of buildings. DC can
be run on electricity or natural gas, and can use either
regular water or seawater. Along with electricity and
water, DC constitute a new form of energy service.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
7. WHAT IS DISTRICT COOLING?
3. DC is measured in refrigeration ton (RT) which is
equivalent to 12000 BTU's per hour. RT is the unit
measure for the amount of heat removed. RT is defined
as the heat absorbed by one ton of ice (2000 pounds)
causing it to melt completely by the end of one day (24
hours).
3. DCS can replace any type of ACS, but primarily compete
with air-cooled reciprocating chiller systems serving large
buildings which consume large amounts of electricity.
This ACS is subject to a difficult operating
environment, including extreme heat, saline humidity and
windborne sand. Over time, performance, efficiency and
reliability suffer, leading to significant maintenance costs
and ultimately to equipment replacement. PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
8. HISTORY OF DISTRICT COOLING
1. The oldest district heating system was created in the early 14th
century in Chaudes-Aigues Cantal - a village in France. This system
distributed warm water through wooden pipes and it is still in use
today.
2. The first commercial district heating system was created by Birdsill
Holly in Lockport, New York in 1877. Holly used the boiler as the
central heat source and built a loop consisting of steam
pipes, radiators, and even condensate return lines. His system
started off with 14 customers. Only 3 years later, it served several
factories as well as residential customers and had extended to a 3-
mile loop.
3. District cooling also has its roots in the 19th century. It was
introduced as a scheme to distribute clean, cool air to houses
through underground pipes. The first known district cooling system
began operations at Denver's Colorado Automatic Refrigerator
Company in late 1889. In the 1930's, large district cooling systems
were created for Rockefeller Centre in New York City and for the
U.S. Capital Buildings in Washington, D.C. PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
9. HOW DISTRICT COOLING WORKS?
1. Chilled water is produced in a central plant and distributed via a
system of pipes that can run underground, on the surface or over
rooftops.
2. Inside the buildings, these transmission pipes are normally
connected to a conventional air handling unit or fan coil that allows
the water to chill the air passing through.
3. This means multiple chiller units placed locally are no longer
required.
4. Once the required thermal energy has been extracted from the cold
water, this water is returned to the central plant to be re-chilled and
re-circulated through the closed-loop piping system.
5. This cooling system is more flexible and also operates with higher
efficiency under all load conditions than traditional chillers.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
10. ADVANTAGES OF DISTRICT COOLING
SYSTEM
1. Improve efficiency of energy
2. Protect environment
3. Save space
4. Improve urban view
5. Re-use the heat from exhaust system
6. Prevent disaster
7. Reduce manpower for operation
and maintenance
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
11. WHY IS DISTRICT COOLING ENVIRONMENTAL
FRIENDLY?
District cooling helps the
environment by increasing
energy efficiency and
reducing environmental
emissions including air
pollution, the greenhouse
gas (GHG) carbon dioxide
(CO2) and ozone-destroying
refrigerants. District cooling
can reduce annual CO2
emissions by about 1 ton for
every ton of district cooling
refrigeration demand served.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
17. TYPE OF REFRIGERANTS FOR DCP
• Brine, and propylene-glycol are the famous
examples used in DCP.
• Known as “secondary cooling media”, it is not
really a refrigerant.
• This type of heat transfer media is used for
delivering cool temperature from air conditioner
evaporator, to cooling coils.
• These are used in very large air conditioning
system, or “district cooling”.
• The reasons are, to keep the maintenance
cost, safety risk, and compressor breakdown, low.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
19. DCS IN MALAYSIA
1. Kuala Lumpur International Airport
Since 1997, chilled water and
electricity have been supplied to
airport facilities from the Chiller
Plant. Shinryo Corp. contracted
with 35,000 RT designed chilled
water capacity. Current installed
capacity consists of 12 nos.
2500 RT double effect steam
absorption chillers. Owner:
Gas District Cooling (M)
Sdn Bhd Date of
Completion: Mar 1997
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
20. DCS IN MALAYSIA
2. Putrajaya Precinct 1 DCS Plant
Putrajaya area was developed for
the transfer of the capital city
Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Plant
started to supply chilled water to
the government office complex in
1999. Plant capacity was 27,500 RT
which included 2 nos. of 1250 RT
ECC, integrated chilled water
storage system, 5nos. of 2500 RT
SAC and 5 nos. of 1500 RT
DFC. Owner: Gas District Cooling
(M)
Sdn Bhd Date of
Completion: Dec 2000 PNNAZZ
PSA/ CB503/
21. DCS IN MALAYSIA
3. Bangsar District Cooling Plant
• The District Cooling System in Bangsar supplies
chilled water to a district that comprises :
– The Cygal Hotel and the Cygal Towers A &B
– The Atlas Towers A to F
– Menara Telekom and Wisma Telekom
– Tenaga Head Quarters (TNB)
• Objective :
– To take advantage of the lower electricity tariff
during the night, the Cristopia Thermal Energy
Storage System (STL) is used with the purpose
of storing thermal energy during the night for use
during the day. PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
22. DCS IN MALAYSIA
Bangsar District Cooling Plant
• Characteristics :
– The plant consists of 5 centrifugal chillers (3500 kW each)
working in conjunction with 5 cylindrical STL steel tanks of
380 m³ (3.80 m diameter, 35 m long).
– Two conventional water chillers are used for the base load.
– Each brine chiller operates with one STL and one heat
exchanger to provide brine at 3.3 C at the primary side of
the heat exchanger.
– Each loop (5) operates independently of the others.
– The chillers and the STL's can be operated singularly and
separately or in any combination to cater for the
demand, and the decision for their operating status during
the day is based on the objective of minimizing the use of
the chillers and depleting the energy stored.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
23. DCS IN MALAYSIA
Bangsar District Cooling Plant
• Technical Data :
– Daily Cooling Energy Consumption : 450,000 kWh
– Maximum Cooling Demand : 40,000 kW
– Cooling Energy Stored : 110,000 kWh
– STL Storage Volume : 1,900 m³
– Number of Tanks : 5 nos
• Technical Advantages :
– Smaller chiller capacity
– Smaller heat rejection plant
– Reduced maintenance
– Efficient and reliable system
– Increase of the plant life time
– Flexible system available for efficient energy management
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
24. DCS IN MALAYSIA
Bangsar District Cooling Plant
• Financial Advantages :
– Saving on operating costs, maintenance, demand
charge and off peak consumption
– Lower initial investment
• Projects Credits
– Customer : Bangsar Energy Systems SDN BHD
(subsidiary of TNEC)
– Consultant: KJ Engineering
– Installing Company: KJ Engineering
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
25. DCS IN MALAYSIA
4. UKM District Cooling Plant
– Completed and operational in
1998
– District cooling plant serving 10
faculties within the University.
– Energy conservation award
winning plant for Retrofitting
Category
– Chiller plant capacity of 3,700
RT (13.0 MWr)
– Thermal storage capacity of
11,300 RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
26. DCS IN MALAYSIA
5. Malaysia Institute
of Nuclear Technology
– Completed and
operational in 2001
– Chiller plant capacity
of 1,500 RT (5.3
MWr)
– Thermal storage
capacity of 6,000
RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
27. DCS IN MALAYSIA
6. Serdang Hospital
– Completed and
operational in 2002
– 600 bed hospital
– Chiller plant
capacity of 2,800 RT
(9.8 MWr)
– Thermal storage
capacity of 6,000
RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
28. DCS IN MALAYSIA
7. KLCC Cogeneration Plant
Upgrading
– Completed and
operational in 2005
– Upgrading of additional
12,000 RT (42.2 MW) to
cater additional load and
energy optimization
solution
– Thermal storage capacity
of 45,000 RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
29. DCS IN MALAYSIA
8. Putrajaya Precint 1 (P1)
– Completed and operational in 2008
– Retrofit existing plant by additional 12,000 RT (42.2
MW) to a more reliable system
– Thermal storage capacity of 48,000 RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
30. DCS IN MALAYSIA
9. MBSA (Shah Alam
Municiple)
– Completed and operational
in 2006
– District cooling plant
serving Shah Alam including
the Selangor Council
building
– Upgrading of additional
2,400 RT (8.4 MW) to
convert existing plant to
District Cooling Plant
– Thermal storage capacity of
45,000 RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
31. DCS IN MALAYSIA
10. 1 Borneo
– Completed and
operational in 2008
– Chiller plant capacity
of 5,700 RT (20.0
MWr)
– Thermal storage
capacity of 16,800
RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
32. DCS IN MALAYSIA
11. Institute Jantung Negara (IJN)
– Completed end 2008
– Chiller plant capacity of 1,200 RT (4.22 MWr)
– Thermal storage capacity of 7,100 RTH
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
33. DCS COMPONENTS
• A typical DCS comprises the following components:
1. Central Chiller Plant
– generate chilled water for cooling purposes
2. Distribution Network
– distribute chilled water to buildings
3. User Station
– interface with buildings' own air-conditioning
circuits.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
34. 1. Central Chiller Plant
– Chilled water is typically generated at the central
chiller plant by compressor driven chillers, absorption
chillers or other sources like ambient cooling or “free
cooling” from deep lakes, rivers, aquifers or oceans.
– Groups of large and energy-efficient water-cooled
chillers are usually installed in a central chiller plant
to take advantage of the economy of scale and the
cooling demand diversity between different buildings
within a district.
– Sea water condensers or fresh water cooling towers
can be utilized to reject waste heat from the central
chillers. PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
35. 2. Distribution Network
– District chilled water is distributed from the cooling
source(s) to the user stations through supply pipes
and is returned after extracting heat from the
building’s secondary chilled water systems.
– Pumps distribute the chilled water by creating a
pressure differential between the supply and return
lines.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
36. 3. User Station
– The interface between the district cooling system and the
building cooling system is commonly referred to as user station.
– The user station usually comprise of air handling units, heat
exchanger and chilled water piping in the building.
– A user station is required in each user's building to connect the
DCS distributed chilled water pipe to the building.
– Inside the user station, devices called heat exchangers are
installed to transfer heat between the chilled water supply of
DCS and the air-conditioning system of the user building.
– The user station could be designed for direct or indirect
connection to the district cooling distribution system.
– With direct connection, the district cooling water is distributed
within the building directly to terminal equipment such as air
handling and fan coil units, induction units, etc.
– An indirect connection utilizes one or multiple heat exchangers
in between the district system and the building system.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
37. DISTRICT COOLING PLANT EQUIPMENT
A. Mechanical
1. Centrifugal Chillers
2. Condenser water Pumps
3. Chilled Water Primary Pumps
4. Chilled Water Secondary Pumps
5. Cooling Towers
6. Make up water pumps for Cooling Towers
7. Chemical Dosing system for Cooling Towers
8. Chemical Dosing system for chilled water network
9. R.O Plant for blow down water re-claim
10. Water Storage Tank for Cooling Towers / Fire Pumps
11. Blow Down Storage Tank
12. Thermal Storage Tanks
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
38. DISTRICT COOLING PLANT EQUIPMENT
B. Electrical
1. 11 kV Switchgear (3.3 kV if applicable)
2. 11kV Capacitor banks
3. 11 kV / 400 Ton Transformers (11 kV / 3.3 kV
Transformers if applicable)
4. H.V Cables and containment systems
5. UPS / Battery Charger for 11 kV vacuum circuit
breakers
6. L.V Switchgear
7. Motor control centres
8. L.V capacitor banks
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
39. DISTRICT COOLING PLANT EQUIPMENT
C. Control Systems
1. Building Management System (BMS) or CMS (Plant
Control Management System).
2. PLC System for data control
3. System Data server
4. Operator work stations
5. Energy work station
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
40. Cooling Tower Cooling Tower Fan & Motor
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
46. HEAT EXCHANGER (HE)
• HE are used to transfer heat from one medium to
another, such as from steam to hot water, or from
water at a higher temperature to water at a lower
temperature.
• Two basic types of HE :
– Shell and tube type
– Plate type
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
47. HEAT EXCHANGER (HE)
1. SHELL-AND-TUBE TYPE (STT)
– The STT of HE consists of a bundle of tubes in the
shell.
– Primary medium is either steam or water, which
flows in the shell.
– Secondary medium is always water, which flows
through the tubes.
– The tubes are partitioned to allow single or multiple
passes to increase the temperature and the heat
transfer.
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
48. HEAT EXCHANGER (HE)
2. PLATE TYPE (PT)
– PT HE composed of multiple, thin, slightly separated plates that have
very large surface areas and fluid flow passages for heat transfer.
– This stacked-plate arrangement can be more effective, in a given
space, than the STT.
– Advances in gasket and brazing technology have made the plate-type
heat exchanger increasingly practical.
– Large HE of this type are called plate-and-frame; when used in open
loops, these heat exchangers are normally of the gasket type to allow
periodic disassembly, cleaning, and inspection.
– There are many types of permanently bonded plate heat
exchangers, such as dip-brazed and vacuum-brazed plate
varieties, and they are often specified for closed-loop applications
such as refrigeration.
– PT HE also differ in the types of plates that are used, and in the
configurations of those plates.
– Some plates may be stamped with "chevron" or other patterns, where
PSA/ CB503/ PNNAZZ
51. TASBIH KIFARAH
(Maha Suci Engkau Ya Allah dan Segala Puji
BagiMu, aku bersaksi bahawa tiada Tuhan
melainkan Engkau, aku memohon keampunan dan
taubat daripada Engkau)
DC : district coolingACS : Air conditioning system
DC : district coolingACS : Air conditioning systemRT : Refrigerant ton
To better understand how the Climespace district cooling network works, please check out our animation:http://www.climespace.fr/eng/District-cooling-systems/How-does-it-work/The-fundamentals-of-district-cooling-systems
Daripada Abu Hurairah RA meriwayatkanbahawaRasulullah SAW telahbersabda: “Sesiapa yang dudukdalamsatumajlis, danmelakukanbanyaksalahdansilap, makasebelumdiameninggalkanmajlisitudiamembacatasbihkifarah. Sesiapa yang membacadoainipadapenutupmajlismakaakan di ampunkankesilapan-kesilapan yang berlakudalammajlistersebut.