Ice storage air conditioning uses water's large heat of fusion to store cold temperatures in ice for later use in cooling. A ton of water can store over 300 megajoules of thermal energy as ice, equivalent to over 90 kilowatt hours. Originally, ice was harvested from frozen lakes and used directly as a coolant. Now, chillers produce ice at night which melts during the day to provide cooling via chilled water systems. Storing cold temperatures from off-peak hours enables reducing peak electricity loads and utilizing intermittent renewable energy for cooling needs.
With the introduction of the government’s Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), there is an increasing interest in all the technologies associated with the scheme. This CPD gives an overview of a range of policy initiatives in Renewable Heat, an introduction to the different technologies and looks at some of the benefits and issues you need to consider when using renewable heat.
This CPD seminar covers the following topics: Introduction to REHAU, DECC Heat Strategy & Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), Ground Source Heat Pumps, Biomass Boilers (incl. district heating), Biogas/Anaerobic Digestion, Solar Thermal & Underground Thermal Energy Storage.
Presentation on Heat pump and its Function.Monjur Ayon
The discussion are also include about heat pump with its different function,type of heat pump,working procedure,application of heat pump,main component of heat pump.
This presentation introduces the principle of an air source heat pump, the key parts of the heat pump system and shows some examples of how heat pumps saves your money and protects the environment.
With the introduction of the government’s Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), there is an increasing interest in all the technologies associated with the scheme. This CPD gives an overview of a range of policy initiatives in Renewable Heat, an introduction to the different technologies and looks at some of the benefits and issues you need to consider when using renewable heat.
This CPD seminar covers the following topics: Introduction to REHAU, DECC Heat Strategy & Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI), Ground Source Heat Pumps, Biomass Boilers (incl. district heating), Biogas/Anaerobic Digestion, Solar Thermal & Underground Thermal Energy Storage.
Presentation on Heat pump and its Function.Monjur Ayon
The discussion are also include about heat pump with its different function,type of heat pump,working procedure,application of heat pump,main component of heat pump.
This presentation introduces the principle of an air source heat pump, the key parts of the heat pump system and shows some examples of how heat pumps saves your money and protects the environment.
A B S T R A C T
In the present paper, an experimental analysis of a solar water heating collector with an integrated latent heat storage unit is presented. With the purpose to determine the performance of a device on a lab scale, but with commercial features, a flat plate solar collector with phase change material (PCM) containers under the absorber plate was constructed and tested. PCM used was a commercial semi-refined light paraffin with a melting point of 60°C. Tests were carried out in outdoor conditions from October 2016 to March 2017 starting at 7:00 AM until the collector does not transfer heat to the water after sunset. Performance variables as water inlet temperature, outlet temperature, mass flow and solar radiation were measured in order to determine a useful heat and the collector efficiency. Furthermore, operating temperatures of the glass cover, air gap, absorber plate, and PCM containers are presented. Other external variables as ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed were measured with a weather station located next to the collector. The developed prototype reached an average thermal efficiency of 24.11% and a maximum outlet temperature of 50°C. Results indicate that the absorber plate reached the PCM melting point in few cases, this suggests that the use of a PCM with a lower melting point could be a potential strategy to increase thermal storage. A thermal analysis and conclusions of the device performance are discussed.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(3), 7-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2018.3672
www.ijcua.com
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUC...Sayeed Mohammed
This poster was presented at 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 03-04, 2015, University of Dhaka
Abstract
Cooling towers use the principle of evaporative cooling to remove process heat from the cooling water and reduces its temperature to the wet-bulb air temperature. It is a heat and mass transfer device. This method of cooling provides with efficient and environment-friendly method of cooling particularly in locations where sufficient cooling water cannot be easily obtained from natural sources or where concern for the environment imposes some limits on the temperature at which cooling water can be returned to the surrounding. Cooling towers are an important part of the nuclear power plants which remove heat from coolant (water) of the condenser and recirculate it. Natural draft cooling towers represent a relatively inexpensive and dependable means of removing heat from cooling water as air inside it is circulated by natural convection, no mechanical means such as fans propellers are needed. The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions. This paper provides the analysis of designing a natural draft cooling tower considering all these parameters with the help of trial and iterative method. The effect of height, diameter, and the type of filling material selected, are studied.
This minute lecture introduces heat pumps as a best practices for heating and cooling buildings. According to UIE, more widescale use of heat pumps could save 1,200 million tonne of greenhouse gas emissions per year on a global scale, and represents one of the largest potential savings that any single technology can offer.
Performance Improvement of Solar PV Cells using Various Cooling Methods: A Re...rahulmonikasharma
the operating surface is a key operational factor to take into consideration to achieve higher efficiency when operating solar photovoltaic system. Proper cooling can improve the electric efficiency and decrease the rate of cell degradation with time, resulting in maximization of the life span of photovoltaic modules. The excessive heat removed by the cooling system used in domestic, commercial or industrial applications. Various cooling methods available for PV cells Such as Active and Passive cooling system. In this paper use various cooling methods for PV panel. Just like it heat pipe, floating, PCM used in back side of PV panel, evaporative cooling for PV panel.
Three solar air heater having different absorber areas by er. vikas manushendraVikas Manushendra
In earlier years, the entire world has become completely dependent on relic energies such as natural gas, lubricant and coal. This type of resources are existing in limited amount. These resources has been created by natural processes across millions of years. The whole world is completely dependent upon energy. Energy is the basic part of our daily life. The utilization of energy in different purpose such as heating and cooling homes, schools and businesses. Energy is also used for lighting and appliances. In machinery purpose, energy perform different function such as running our vehicle, flying plane, boat sail and running machine. Energy is the player of new generation wealth and also it is significant component of economic development. In future consideration renewable energy is the main source of energy. The complete world is developing day by day and it requires more and more fuel so all the developing countries are focusing on shortage of fuels and necessity for other energy sources. Solar energy is the best alternative source of energy and also it is pollution free and unlimited energy. Nowadays world, the development of country is calculated by the energy utilization of country, the energy of utilization is completely connected with GDP of Country.
A B S T R A C T
In the present paper, an experimental analysis of a solar water heating collector with an integrated latent heat storage unit is presented. With the purpose to determine the performance of a device on a lab scale, but with commercial features, a flat plate solar collector with phase change material (PCM) containers under the absorber plate was constructed and tested. PCM used was a commercial semi-refined light paraffin with a melting point of 60°C. Tests were carried out in outdoor conditions from October 2016 to March 2017 starting at 7:00 AM until the collector does not transfer heat to the water after sunset. Performance variables as water inlet temperature, outlet temperature, mass flow and solar radiation were measured in order to determine a useful heat and the collector efficiency. Furthermore, operating temperatures of the glass cover, air gap, absorber plate, and PCM containers are presented. Other external variables as ambient temperature, humidity and wind speed were measured with a weather station located next to the collector. The developed prototype reached an average thermal efficiency of 24.11% and a maximum outlet temperature of 50°C. Results indicate that the absorber plate reached the PCM melting point in few cases, this suggests that the use of a PCM with a lower melting point could be a potential strategy to increase thermal storage. A thermal analysis and conclusions of the device performance are discussed.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(3), 7-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2018.3672
www.ijcua.com
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUC...Sayeed Mohammed
This poster was presented at 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 03-04, 2015, University of Dhaka
Abstract
Cooling towers use the principle of evaporative cooling to remove process heat from the cooling water and reduces its temperature to the wet-bulb air temperature. It is a heat and mass transfer device. This method of cooling provides with efficient and environment-friendly method of cooling particularly in locations where sufficient cooling water cannot be easily obtained from natural sources or where concern for the environment imposes some limits on the temperature at which cooling water can be returned to the surrounding. Cooling towers are an important part of the nuclear power plants which remove heat from coolant (water) of the condenser and recirculate it. Natural draft cooling towers represent a relatively inexpensive and dependable means of removing heat from cooling water as air inside it is circulated by natural convection, no mechanical means such as fans propellers are needed. The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions. This paper provides the analysis of designing a natural draft cooling tower considering all these parameters with the help of trial and iterative method. The effect of height, diameter, and the type of filling material selected, are studied.
This minute lecture introduces heat pumps as a best practices for heating and cooling buildings. According to UIE, more widescale use of heat pumps could save 1,200 million tonne of greenhouse gas emissions per year on a global scale, and represents one of the largest potential savings that any single technology can offer.
Performance Improvement of Solar PV Cells using Various Cooling Methods: A Re...rahulmonikasharma
the operating surface is a key operational factor to take into consideration to achieve higher efficiency when operating solar photovoltaic system. Proper cooling can improve the electric efficiency and decrease the rate of cell degradation with time, resulting in maximization of the life span of photovoltaic modules. The excessive heat removed by the cooling system used in domestic, commercial or industrial applications. Various cooling methods available for PV cells Such as Active and Passive cooling system. In this paper use various cooling methods for PV panel. Just like it heat pipe, floating, PCM used in back side of PV panel, evaporative cooling for PV panel.
Three solar air heater having different absorber areas by er. vikas manushendraVikas Manushendra
In earlier years, the entire world has become completely dependent on relic energies such as natural gas, lubricant and coal. This type of resources are existing in limited amount. These resources has been created by natural processes across millions of years. The whole world is completely dependent upon energy. Energy is the basic part of our daily life. The utilization of energy in different purpose such as heating and cooling homes, schools and businesses. Energy is also used for lighting and appliances. In machinery purpose, energy perform different function such as running our vehicle, flying plane, boat sail and running machine. Energy is the player of new generation wealth and also it is significant component of economic development. In future consideration renewable energy is the main source of energy. The complete world is developing day by day and it requires more and more fuel so all the developing countries are focusing on shortage of fuels and necessity for other energy sources. Solar energy is the best alternative source of energy and also it is pollution free and unlimited energy. Nowadays world, the development of country is calculated by the energy utilization of country, the energy of utilization is completely connected with GDP of Country.
The presentation gives a basic idea of cooling towers in big industries including the Power Plants. The performance of cooling towers and the commonenly used terms with reference to the cooling towers are also discussed at length. Care to be taken while in freezing temperatures in the European countries is also discussed.
Turbine Inlet Air Cooling (TIAC) - Case Studies - Economics - Performance - C...Salman Haider
Efficiency Enhancement of a Gas Turbine in Hot climate conditions. Design strategies and technology varieties. Detailed Case Studies of TIAC equipped power plants, economic and performance analysis. Study of Climate effect on GT Performance in three different locations.
Removing undesirable heat from one item, substance, or area and transferring it to another is known as refrigeration, sometimes known as chilling. The temperature can be reduced by removing heat, which can be accomplished by the use of ice, snow, cooled water, or mechanical refrigeration.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During
manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent
amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an
air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in
different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of
June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to
atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling
tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and
ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
This Presentation talks about low cooling strategies for buildings viz. radiant heating/cooling, geothermal heat exchange, rock beds and ground tunnel with examples and climate consideration.
With a properly applied condensing heat recovery system, thermal efficiencies nearing 100% can be achieved. Even if your site is unable to achieve this level of efficiency, improvements in energy efficiency can be realized through condensing heat recovery. Typically, 5 to 20 percent fuel savings can be practically and economically realized. Given all that, it makes sense to learn more about condensing heat recovery technologies.
1. Ice storage air conditioning is the process of using ice for thermal energy storage. This is practical
because of water's large heat of fusion: one metric ton of water (one cubic metre) can store 334
megajoules (MJ) (317,000 BTU) of energy, equivalent to 93 kWh (26.4 ton-hours).
Ice was originally obtained from mountains or cut from frozen lakes and transported to cities for use as a
coolant. The original definition of a "ton of cooling capacity" (heat flow) was the heat needed to melt
one ton of ice in a 24 hour period. This heat flow is what one would expect in a 3,000-square-foot
(280 m2) house in Boston in the summer. This definition has since been replaced by less archaic units:
one ton HVAC capacity is equal to 12,000 BTU per hour. A small storage facility can hold enough ice
to cool a large building from one day to one week, whether that ice is produced by anhydrous ammonia
chillers or hauled in by horse-drawn carts.
Ground freezing can also be utilized; this may be done in ice form where the ground is saturated.
Systems will also work with pure rock. Wherever ice forms, the ice formation's heat of fusion is not
used, as the ice remains solid throughout the process. The method based on ground freezing is widely
used for mining and tunneling to solidify unstable ground during excavations. The ground is frozen
using bore holes with concentric pipes that carry brine from a chiller at the surface. Cold is extracted in a
similar way using brine and used in the same way as for conventional ice storage, normally with a brine-
to-liquid heat exchanger, to bring the working temperatures up to usable levels at higher volumes. The
frozen ground can stay cold for months or longer, allowing cold storage for extended periods at
negligible structure cost.
Replacing existing air conditioning systems with ice storage offers a cost-effective energy storage
method, enabling surplus wind energy and other such intermittent energy sources to be stored for use in
chilling at a later time, possibly months later.
Contents
[hide]
1 Air conditioning
2 Combustion gas turbine air inlet cooling
3 See also
4 References
Air conditioning[edit]
The most widely used form of this technology can be found in campus-wide air conditioning or chilled
water systems of large buildings. Air conditioning systems, especially in commercial buildings, are the
biggest contributors to peak electrical loads seen on hot summer days in various countries. In this
application, a standard chiller runs at night to produce an ice pile. Water then circulates through the pile
during the day to produce chilled water that would normally be the chiller's daytime output.
A partial storage system minimizes capital investment by running the chillers nearly 24 hours a day. At
night, they produce ice for storage and during the day they chill water for the air conditioning system.
Water circulating through the melting ice augments their production. Such a system usually runs in ice-
making mode for 16 to 18 hours a day and in ice-melting mode for six hours a day. Capital expenditures
2. are minimized because the chillers can be just 40 - 50% of the size needed for a conventional design. Ice
storage sufficient to store half a day's rejected heat is usually adequate.
A full storage system minimizes the cost of energy to run that system by entirely shutting off the chillers
during peak load hours. The capital cost is higher, as such a system requires somewhat larger chillers
than those from a partial storage system, and a larger ice storage system. Ice storage systems are
inexpensive enough that full storage systems are often competitive with conventional air conditioning
designs.[citation needed]
The air conditioning chillers' efficiency is measured by their coefficient of performance (COP). In
theory, thermal storage systems could make chillers more efficient because heat is discharged into
colder nighttime air rather than warmer daytime air. In practice, heat loss overpowers this advantage,
since it melts the ice.
Air conditioning thermal storage has been shown to be somewhat beneficial in society. The fuel used at
night to produce electricity is a domestic resource in most countries, so less imported fuel is used. Also,
studies show that this process significantly reduces the emissions associated with producing the power
for air conditioners, since in the evening, inefficient "peaker" plants are replaced by low emission-based
load facilities. The plants that produce this power often work more efficiently than the gas turbines that
provide peaking power during the day. As well, since the load factor on the plants is higher, fewer plants
are needed to service the load.
A new twist on this technology uses ice as a condensing medium for the refrigerant. In this case, regular
refrigerant is pumped to coils where it is used. Rather than needing a compressor to convert it back into
a liquid, however, the low temperature of ice is used to chill the refrigerant back into a liquid. This type
of system allows existing refrigerant-based HVAC equipment to be converted to Thermal Energy
Storage systems, something that could not previously be easily done with chill water technology. In
addition, unlike water-cooled chill water systems that do not experience a tremendous difference in
efficiency from day to night, this new class of equipment typically displaces daytime operation of air-
cooled condensing units. In areas where there is a significant difference between peak day time
temperatures and off peak temperatures, this type of unit is typically more energy efficient than the
equipment that it replaces. [1]
Combustion gas turbine air inlet cooling[edit]
Thermal energy storage is also used for combustion gas turbine air inlet cooling. Instead of shifting
electrical demand to the night, this technique shifts generation capacity to the day. To generate ice at
night, the turbine is often mechanically connected to a large chiller's compressor. During peak daytime
loads, water is circulated between the ice pile and a heat exchanger in front of the turbine air intake,
cooling the intake air to near freezing temperatures. Since the air is colder, the turbine can compress
more air with a given amount of compressor power. Typically, both the generated electrical power and
turbine efficiency rise when the inlet cooling system is activated. This system is similar to the
compressed air energy storage system.