Topic 1.2- Electronic Equipment used on ships (Navigational Equipment).pptx
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Modern ships have a variety of navigation equipment that makes navigation simpler and safer than in the past. This includes gyro compasses, radar, magnetic compasses, autopilots, ARPA, automatic tracking aids, voyage data recorders, GPS receivers, sound reception systems, and navigational lights. Together, this navigation equipment provides accurate positioning and directional information and helps ships safely plan and conduct voyages.
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Early pilots navigated visually by looking for landmarks but as flying occurred at night and in poor weather, new navigation technologies were developed. In the 1920s, navigation aids helped pilots determine attitude and position even when the ground was not visible. In 1929, Sperry introduced the artificial horizon and other mechanical aids emerged in the 1930s. Today, aircraft are tracked by radar but GPS now allows pilots to determine their precise position without assistance from air traffic control. This has led to debates around who should control navigation - pilots using GPS or air traffic controllers.
Clear Skies Ahead_ How Marine Radars Can Enhance Your Boating Experience.pdf
FleetBroadband is a communication system that enables ships to stay connected to shore-based networks via satellite. It provides high-speed internet access, voice communication, and data transmission, allowing for real-time weather updates, navigational information, and emergency assistance. FleetBroadband enhances the safety and efficiency of maritime operations by keeping crews connected to vital resources and support services.
Meeting the Threat of MaritimeImprovised Explosive Devices.docx
Meeting the Threat of Maritime
Improvised Explosive Devices
The PROSAS Surveyor:
An Operational Case Study for Harbor Protection
By Andy Wilby
Chief Engineer of Sensor Systems
Applied Signal Technology Inc.
Torrance, California
M.I rit i me improvised explosivedevices (MIEDs) present one of
tlie most potent asymmelric threats to
port security posed in the post-
September Í1 era. Every month, around
seven million Ions of freight pass
through the Port of New York/New
Jersey. Fifty to 100 times per year,
tankers—each containing around one
million barrels of crude oil—arrive in
San Pedro, California. Several times per
day, cruise ships carrying thousands of
passengers leave through the narrow
straits of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. These
are simple examples, and they repre-
sent the tip ofthe iceberg when consid-
ering how much infrastructure, business
and way of life in the U.S. depends on
travel through busy seaports.
An MIED, though it costs only a few
thousand dollars, threatens to disrupt
lives, cause ecological and environ-
mental disaster on a scale not seen
since the grounding of the Exxon Valdez
and also cause economic fallout run-
ning into hundreds of millions, if not
billions, of dollars when placed in any
busy port. Even a credible threat of such
a placement will causea similar level of
turmoil. An idea of the financial and
ecological impact that an MIED
threat/attack might cause can be esti-
mated by looking back at historical
data, like when the 2002 dockworker
strike shut down all 29 West Coast ports
in the United States for 11 days, result-
ing in direct and indirect costs of $1,9
billion per day. In 1989, the Exxon
1 0 st / MARCH 2009
Valdez ran aground in Alaska's Prince
William Sound, spilling more than
270,000 barrels of crude oil and caus-
ing devastation to the Alaskan coastal
flora and fauna. The clear up cost Exxon
(Irving, Texas) more than $2.5 billion.
The protection of U.S. ports cannot
be put on hofcl until the development of
some magic bullet sensor system,
déployable in times of heightened risk
and able to infallibly seek out and
destroy threatening objects in our sea-
ways. It must instead rely on the rigor-
ous and continual management of har-
bors and harbor approach sea-lanes
and provide a detailed knowledge of
the underwater environment and an
ability to assess its vulnerability to any
prevailing threat.
To a war fighter, the prosecution of a
target can be SLJmmarized in five dis-
tinct phases: detection, classification,
localization, threat evaluation and tacti-
cal advice. The needs of a harbor
underwater security program may be
expressed in completely analogous
terms.
First is surveying and target marking,
or the ability to detect, resolve and clas-
sify to a reasonable level of confidence
ptjtential threatening objects on the
seabed.
Second is location, or the ability to
locate identified objects on the seabed
with a precision high enough to provide
comparative reports from successive
surveys and to .
Dynamic positioning
This document provides information about dynamic positioning (DP) systems used on vessels. It begins with a summary of DP from Wikipedia, explaining that DP uses propellers and thrusters controlled by a computer system to automatically maintain a vessel's position and heading. It then discusses the history of DP, compares DP to other position keeping methods, lists applications of DP, and describes the requirements and components of DP systems, including position reference systems. The document provides technical details about DP systems for an intermediate professional audience.
80 2 (dragged) 2 from lulu
This article discusses the risks of navigating in remote and polar waters for superyachts, and how forward-looking sonar (FLS) technology can help mitigate those risks. It notes that as more superyachts cruise atypical waters like the Arctic and Antarctic, the dangers from insufficient chart data are increasing. A 3D FLS like FarSounder provides real-time imaging of the seafloor up to 500 meters ahead, allowing captains to detect uncharted obstacles in time to safely navigate. The technology is gaining adoption by military and research vessels operating in remote areas. The article advocates for FLS as a tool to help superyachts safely navigate the "sea less travelled."
Stay on Course_ The Importance of Marine Radars for Boaters.pdf
In recent years, marine radar technology has advanced significantly, with the integration of features such as Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) and collision avoidance systems. ARPA utilizes radar data to track the movement of other vessels and predict potential collisions, providing early warnings to navigators. Collision avoidance systems employ algorithms to analyze radar data and suggest evasive maneuvers to prevent accidents.
Cruise Report: Applied Marine Biological Sampling
Marine fieldwork looking in depth at all the requirement and methodologies necessary to be able to organise, record and extrapolate data from sampled marine mammals, sea birds, fish and benthic marine life assemblages.
Global Maritime Aircraft Surveillance Market Report
With the development of underwater platforms and weapons, anti-submarine doctrine must be revised. Since a smaller fleet has formerly been in the water, SSBNs, SSNs, and SSGNs operate in shallower littoral seas. They also employ their own UUVs, which complicates the anti-submarine issue even more. Other short-range platforms, such as swimmer deliver vehicles, semi-submersibles, and midget submarines, are dangerous to surface ships that have to operate along the coast or through choke spots. It is necessary to create new methods for locating submarines that can be utilised by both manned and unmanned systems. These methods involve the use of active sonar in conjunction with long-range acoustic surveillance.https://aviationanddefensemarketreports.com/product/global-maritime-aircraft-surveillance-market/
unmanned surface vechicle
Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are remotely operated watercraft that can perform tasks without a crew. USVs have been used since World War II for tasks like surveillance, environmental monitoring, and mine detection. The Springer USV was designed for shallow water surveys using a twin hull design with navigation sensors and computers protected inside waterproof cases. USVs allow high-risk tasks to be performed remotely, saving lives while expanding capabilities for security and research applications.
Topic for Midterm
The Transit satellite system was the first satellite navigation system, deployed by the US military in the 1960s. It worked by using the Doppler effect to determine a receiver's location based on slight shifts in frequency of signals broadcast from satellites moving in well-known orbits. Receivers could calculate their position by measuring these frequency shifts over time from multiple satellites. This pioneering system paved the way for later global satellite navigation networks like GPS.
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Clear Skies Ahead_ How Marine Radars Can Enhance Your Boating Experience.pdf
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Meeting the Threat of MaritimeImprovised Explosive Devices.docx
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Topic 1.2- Electronic Equipment used on ships (Navigational Equipment).pptx
- 1. 10 TYPES OF NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT AND RESOURCES USED ONBOARD MODERN SHIPS B Y: E N G R . M A R T N I K K I L O U M . M A N T I L L A , R E E , R M E
- 2. Gone are the days when a ship navigation officer had to take help of unconventional ways to plan and navigate a voyage at sea. Today, a ship officer has myriad of marine navigation equipment which makes his life a lot simpler, thanks to the advancement in technology. Moreover, present-day seafarers are trained so as to know the functioning and operation of all modern day navigational equipment that has made the journey at sea smoother and safer. With modern day facilities and automation, a ship today has several advanced navigation equipment systems which give accurate data for the voyage.
- 4. It is used for finding the right direction. Unlike magnetic compass, gyro compass is not hampered by an external magnetic field. It is used to find the correct North Position, which is also the earth’s rotational axis to provide a stable directional source. Its repeater system must be present in the steering platform for emergency steering.
- 5. 2. Radar
- 6. The seagoing vessels depend on S-band and X-band frequency radar system for navigation as it can detect targets and display the information on the screen such as the distance of the ship from land, any floating objects (an island, rocks, iceberg etc.), other vessels, and obstacles to avoid a collision. It is a rotating antenna which discovers the surrounding area of the ship.
- 8. The magnetic compass work in conjunction with the magnetic field of the earth and is the essential means of the direction indicating device. It is used to get a planned course for the voyage. This ship navigation equipment is usually fitted at the center line of the ship on the monkey island. A transmitting magnetic type compass is fitted so that the output can be displayed in the bridge pane
- 10. The ship bridge layout is filled with equipment and tools used for navigation. The autopilot is considered to be one of the most effective bridge navigational equipment as it assists the human operator in controlling the ship by keeping the steering in autopilot, which allows them to concentrate on broad aspects of the operation.
- 11. 5. ARPA
- 12. Automatic Radar Plotting Aid displays the position of a ship and other vessels nearby. The radar displays the position of the ships in the vicinity and selects the course for the vessel by avoiding any kind of collision. This bridge navigational equipment constantly monitors the ship’s surrounding and automatically acquires the number of targets, in this case; ships, boats, stationary or floating objects etc., and plot their speeds and courses respectively. It also presents them as vectors on the display screen and constantly update the parameters with each turn of the antenna by calculating their nearest points of approach to own ship and also the time before this will occur.
- 13. 6. Automatic Tracking Aid
- 14. Just like ARPA, automatic tracking aid displays the information on tracked targets in graphic and numeric to generate a planned layout for a safer and collision-free course. Usually, A large size target measuring 800 m or more in the circumference is considered as a landmass and not tracked. Echoes less than 800 m are deemed as targets to be tracked.
- 15. 7. Voyage Data Recorder
- 16. A VDR or voyage data recorder is a crucial instrument among the ship navigation equipment list which is installed on a ship to continuously record vital information related to the operation of a vessel. It contains a voice recording system for a period of at least the last 12 hours. This recording is recovered and made use of for investigation in events of accidents. The importance of VDR is similar to a “black box” installed on an airplane.
- 17. 8. GPS Receiver
- 18. A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is a display system used to show the ship’s location with the help of Global positioning satellite in the earth’s orbit. With the record of the ship’s positions, the speed, course, and the time is taken to cover the distance between “two marked positions” can be calculated.
- 19. 9. Sound Reception System
- 20. This acoustic system is required for a ship with a fully enclosed type bridge. It enables the navigating officer inside the cabin to listen to the sound signals (such as fog or ship’s horn) from other ships in the vicinity. This is fitted in ships bridge equipment console and helps the navigating officer to conduct the look-out duty as per the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
- 22. All boats – whether big or small are required to have night lights as a part of the navigation systems. This system was introduced in the year 1838 by the United States and then was followed by the United Kingdom in 1849. In the year 1889, the International Maritime Conference was established by the United States to establish proper guidelines to prevent marine accidents. In the year 1897, these rules were officially adopted internationally. The navigation lights are one of the most critical navigation equipment needed for sailing in high seas as it enables self vessel being clearly visible to other ships in the vicinity.
- 23. THANK YOU…