College Call Girls Nashik Nehal 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Nashik
Topic 4- Transistors.pptx
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
Transistor is a three terminal electronic
device, made up of semiconductor material
which generally consist of three parts.
i. Base
ii. Emitter
iii. Collector
3. PARTSOFTRANSISTOR
Emitter:-It is of moderate size and it’s heavily
doped. it’s main function is to supply majority
charge carriers.
Collector:-It is larger in size and it’s moderately
doped. It’s main function is to collect majority
charge carriers.
Base:-It’s the middle section of the transistor
and very lightly doped,thin in size.It’s main
function is to reduce the recombination of
charge carriers within base.
4. TRANSISTORS (NPN , PNP)
n p n
E
c
Cross Section B
P N P
Cross Section
(NPN)
E
B
(PNP)
c
Schematic Symbol Schematic Symbol
E
E
B
B
c
c
5. TRANSISTOR WORKING PRINCIPLE
The transistor can function as:
An insulator
A conductor
The transistor's ability to fluctuate between these two
states enables it to switch or amplify.
6. Biased transistor:-A biased transistor
means a transistor which is connected with
external voltage source.
7. CONNECTION CONFIGURATION OF TRANSISTOR
Common base configuration.
Common Emitter configuration.
Common Collector configuration.
Common base
configuration
9. WORKING REGION OF TRANSISTOR
Region Emitter Base Junction Collector Base
Junction
Active Forward biased Reverse biased
Cut-off Reverse biased Reverse biased
Saturation Forward biased Forward biased
A biased transistor works in three region:-
10. OPERATION OF N-P-N TRANSISTOR
Base to Emitter junction is forward biased
by the dc sourcBeE v .
Collector to base junction is reverse
biased by the dc CsEource v .
The forward biased EB junction causes
the n type emitter electrons to flow
towards base.This constitute emitter
current.
Some electrons combine in base region
and constitute base current.
Remaining electrons cross base region
and move through collector region and it
constitute collector current.
11. OPERATION OF P-N-P TRANSISTOR
Base to Emitter junction is forward
biased by the dc sourceBvE .
Collector to base junction is
reverse biased by the dcCEsource v
.
The forward biased EB junction
causes the p type emitter hole to
flow towards base.This constitute
emitter current.
Some hole combine in base region
and constitute base current.
Remaining hole cross base region
and move through collector region
and it constitute collector current.
15. TRANSISTOR OPERATION
Operation Region Bias Application
CUT OFF REGION IB and Ic are 0 (base-
emitter and collector –
base junction is reverse
biased)
Open Switch (OFF)
SATURATION REGION Base emitter junction is
forward biased; IB flows
Closed Switch (ON)
ACTIVE REGION B-E junction is forward
biased but C-B junction
is reverse biased;
Amplifier