Anchors are used to restrict the movement of vessels in water. They prevent boats from turning broadside to waves during storms. There are two main methods for dropping anchor - "walk out" and "let go". "Walk out" involves lowering the anchor under power so the cable does not run freely, while "let go" allows the anchor to drop from the hawse pipe under its own weight. When anchoring in deep water, it is best to walk out the anchor slowly within 20 fathoms of the seabed and then let go. Anchoring at high speed requires allowing more cable, up to 90 fathoms, to run out to prevent damage from the strain. Riding at a single anchor in
A presentation on 'The International Convention for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972' (COLREG 72) to the LLM Maritime Law students at University of Southampton.
A presentation on 'The International Convention for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972' (COLREG 72) to the LLM Maritime Law students at University of Southampton.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. ANCHOR
An anchor refers to a nautical or marine equipment
intended to restrict vehicle or structural movement
in water.
Sea anchor can prevent the vessel from turning
broadside to the waves and being overwhelmed by
them.
For this purpose, it is necessary to have an
unobstructed area equal to a circle whose radius is
the length of ship plus scope of chain.
4. Anchors
Weighing anchor :
• The term ‘aweigh' describes an
anchor when it is hanging on the rope and is not
resting on the bottom.
• Anchors can be broken out of the bottom by
shortening the rope until the vessel is directly
above the anchor; at this point the anchor chain;
up and down”.
Fig: Procedures to Drop
Anchor and Weigh Anchor
6. An anchor which has become entangled or caught up in
something(rock or coral)is known as foul anchor.
Also an anchor whose cable has become twisted around the
Stock or fluke that has hooked or become entangled with
another anchor.
It is a false type of anchoring.
Fouling anchor
Fig: curing of fouling anchor by
Underwater diving
7. SCOPE OF CHAIN FOR MAXIMUM
HOLDING
Scope is the ratio of the depth of the water measured from
the highest point (usually the anchor roller or bow chock) to
the seabed.
In moderate conditions the ratio of rode to water depth
should be 4:1 - where there is sufficient swing-room, a
greater scope is always better.
In rougher conditions it should be up to twice this with the
extra length giving more stretch and a smaller angle to the
bottom to resist the anchor breaking out
8. The principle difference between “walk out” and “let go” methods
is that in the “walk out” we lower the anchor under power.
The advantage of this method is that cable would not run on its
own. So there is no risk of damaging the anchor or windlass by
dropping from a height.
“letgo”or let the anchor slip with cable under its own weight from
the hawse pipe.
There are two ways of anchoring.”let
go”and “walk out”
10. ANCHORING IN DEEP WATER
Anchorage at very slow speed, the usual practice is to walk out the anchor within 5-20
fathoms from bottom at proposed anchorage, and fasten the stopper to the chain,
disengage windlass, making the anchor ready for “letting go” then let go.
When depth runs to 40 and 50 fathoms anchoring in deep water is carried out
During anchoring in deepwater, it is absolutely essential that the ship should be going
dead slow.
11. ANCHORING AT HIGH SPEED
When the ship is obliged to “let go” at high speed for any reason ,it is not safe to check
the ship with short scope, then the chain should be allowed to run.
It is not harm in running out 75-90 fathoms of chain and after heaving in to shorter
scope.
In the case of headway has to be checked by bringing up on the chain, long scope is
better than shorter one.
Danger connected to “letting go”while headway is often overlooked, damage doesn’t
show itself at once.
Excessive strain may weaken the links of the chain without parting them as a result chain
may give way at some time under a moderate stress.
12. RIDING TO A SINGLE ANCHOR
A vessel at single anchor in a strong tideway is likely to sheer considerably.
This movement being the current first on one side and on the other side.
Thus the vessel drives across the stream until bought up by her chain often with a
violent shoals.
This may be prevented in great measure by holding her with a steady sheer away
from her anchor by putting the rudder over as far as may be necessary, keeping it
there.
13. QUESTIONS
1. What is the purpose of anchors?
2. What is weighing anchor?
3. What is the principle difference between "walk out" and "let go"?
4. What are the measures should be taken while anchoring in deep
water?
5. What are the measures to be aware while anchoring at high speed
regarding the use of short scope and long scope?
