Toothpaste is a widely used dental product preferred over tooth powders due to its attractive consistency and ease of use. It serves multiple functions including cleansing, whitening, and preventing dental issues such as halitosis and cavity formation. The formulation of toothpaste includes various ingredients like abrasives, surfactants, and humectants, while tooth powders share similar basic ingredients but lack binders and humectants.

1. Toothpaste
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Dr. Mohd. Aqil
Department of Pharmaceutics
SPER, Jamia Hamdard
New Delhi

2. Structure of Tooth
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3. Dentifrices (Dental Products)
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4. Toothpaste
Toothpastes are most popular and widely used
preparations for cleansing teeth and possess the
largest market share amongst all dentifrices.
Though more expensive than toothpowders yet
toothpastes are more preferred because of the
following reasons:
 Attractive consistency.
 Better coverage of dental set up.
 Easy to take measured quantity on the tooth
brush.
 No spillage and wastage.
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5. Applications of toothpaste
 Toothpastes are primarily
used for cleansing of
teeth.
 They are also used for
polishing and whitening of
the teeth.
 They prevent halitosis
(bad odour) and refresh
the breath.
 They improve
remineralisation of teeth.
 They reduce
hypersensitivity of teeth.
 They inhibit formation of
calculus or tartar.
 They prevent and remove
dental plaque.
 They prevent caries and
tooth decay.
 They are recommended
for prevention of
periodontal disease.
 They are claimed to be
effective in correction of
xerostomia and mouth
ulcer.
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6. Ideal Characteristics of Toothpaste
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7. Formulation of Toothpaste
I Basic ingredients
 Abrasives
 Detergents
 Humectants
 Binding agents
 Sweetening Agents
 Flavors
 Preservatives
II Special ingredients
 Coloring agents
 Bleaching agents
 Lubricants
 Therapeutic ingredients
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8. Basic ingredients
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9. Special ingredients
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10. Tooth paste ingredients
Ingredient Quantity
Abrasive 20 – 50 %
Detergent 1 - 3 %
Humectant 20 - 35 %
Binder 1 - 2 %
Sweetener 0.05 - 2 %
Flavor 0 - 2 %
Therapeutic agent 0 - 2 %
Water 20 - 40 %
Color or preservative 0.05 – 0.5 %
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11. Toothpaste: Formula 1
Ingredient %w/w
Calcium carbonate 56.0
Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.0
Gum Tragacanth 1.5
Glycerin 22.0
Saccharine sodium 0.1
Water 19.4
Flavor q.s.
Preservative q.s.
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12. Toothpaste: Formula 2
Ingredient %w/w
Calcium pyrophosphate 40.0
Glycerin 29.0
Gum Tragacanth 1.0
Stannous fluoride 0.4
Stannous pyrophosphate 1.0
Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5
Saccharine Sodium 0.1
Water q.s.
Flavor q.s.
Preservative q.s.
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13. Preparation of Toothpaste: Method A
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14. Preparation of Toothpaste: Method B
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15. Fig. 5: Toothpastes: Market Preparations
https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-tooth-toothpaste-toothbrush-image28140039
http://divinedentallv.com/tooth-care/history-of-toothpaste/
https://www.amazon.com/Hello-Oral-Care-Whitening-Toothpaste/dp/B01B4OB1EE
http://money.cnn.com/gallery/smallbusiness/2016/04/20/marijuana-products-cannabis/6.html
https://www.target.com/p/colgate-optic-white-radiant-toothpaste-3oz/-/A-51108775
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16. Tooth Powder
Tooth powders are one of the oldest, simplest
and the cheapest dental preparations.
Their market share has been reduced over the
years due to popularity of toothpastes.
Disadvantages of tooth powder are:-
 Floating of powders in air during preparation
and use.
 Formation of cake on storage.
 Uneven distribution in mouth.
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17. Formulation of
Toothpowder
 The basic ingredients used in tooth powder
are the same except that the binders,
humectants and solvent are not required.
 Abrasives used in tooth powders are also same
as in tooth pastes like calcium carbonate,
calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate etc.
 Heavy grade calcium carbonate is used in
tooth powders whereas lighter grade is used
in tooth pastes.
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18. Toothpowder: Formula 1
Ingredient %w/w
Calcium carbonate 84.0
Tricalcium phosphate 10.0
Sodium lauryl sulfate 3.0
Sodium perborate 2.0
Saccharine sodium 1.0
Color q.s.
Flavor q.s.
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19. Toothpowder: Formula 2
Ingredient %w/w
Calcium carbonate 92.8
Dental soap powder 6.0
Saccharine sodium 0.2
Flavor q.s.
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20. Preparation of Toothpowder
 Mix all the ingredients in ascending
order of their weights in a ribbon
type or agitator type mixture.
 Finally spray the favouring agent on
top of the above powder mix and
stir well.
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21. Fig. 6: Toothpowders: Market Preparations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentifrice#/media/File:Red-Tooth-Powder.JPG
http://www.ranisworldfoods.com/colgate-tooth-powder-100g/
https://gimmethegoodstuff.poofyorganics.com/products/1199-happy-teeth-tooth-powder-organic.aspx
https://www.rocketrobin.ca/product/hemp-seed-oil/
http://conscioushealth.net/herbal-neem-clove-tooth-powder/
https://www.amazon.co.uk/ActiveCoco-Activated-Charcoal-Whitening-Effective/dp/B01LWJPKLO
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22. Safety of Dental Products
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23. Packaging of Dental Products
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24. Evaluation of Dental Products
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25. SUMMARY
 Dentifrices (e.g. toothpaste) are oral health care products used
to make the teeth appear clean, shiny and attractive. They are
also used for prevention of caries, tooth decay, plaque, tartar
(calculus), hypersensitivity, bad odor, and periodontal diseases.
 Dentifrices are available in paste, powder, gel and stick forms.
 The basic ingredients of a tooth paste include abrasives,
surfactants, humectants, binding agents, sweetening agents,
flavors and preservatives. In tooth powders binders and
humectants are not required.
 Some special ingredients are added in dental products as
desired. These include coloring agents, bleaching agents,
lubricants and therapeutic ingredients.
 Dental products should be evaluated for abrasiveness, particle
size, consistency, cleansing action, pH, foaming action,
moisture, heavy metals, effect of special ingredients.
 Dentifrices should be used with caution by children under six
years as they have been reported to cause dental fluorosis.
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