The document discusses various types of timber/wood, including their identification, properties, categories, and common uses. It provides details on color, odor, hardness, density, grain, luster, and moisture content as general timber properties. It then examines moisture in timber, equilibrium moisture content, and fiber saturation point. Finally, it lists and describes several popular categories of timber - oak, maple, mahogany, cherry, walnut, rosewood, and teak - and notes their characteristics and common applications.

1. TIMBER
Presented by
Azleen F. Kazi

3. IDENTIFICATONS OF TIMBER
General Properties
1) Color – A darker color in wood indicates greater durability
2) Odor – It is present only on freshly cut trees.
3) Hardness – is the ability of wood to withstand indentations
caused by harder bodies.
4) Density – densest woods are generally the strongest.
5) Grain – Depending on the actual alignment, the grain may
be straight, spiral, interlocked, wavy or irregular.
6) Luster – is the ability to reflect light beams pointedly
7) Moisture content – is a percentage of the mass of water
over the mass of wood fibre in a peice of timber.

4. Moisture in timber
1) Moisture content : It is one of
the most important characteristics
of timber that affects its use on the
site performance.
2) Equillibrium moisture content
(EMC): moisture content in timber
changes in response to the
temperature and humidity of its
surroundings.
3) Fibre Saturation Point (FSP) :
when the cell cavities are empty
but the cell wall still retains its
bound water.

5. Categories of TIMBER
• Oak - Oak is a heavy, strong, light colored hardwood. Oak is
the most popular wood used to craft American and English
country designs
• Maple - Maple is used extensively for American colonial
furniture, especially in medium and lower priced
categories. It can also be stained to simulate cherry wood,
which it resembles.
• Mahogany - Mahogany is strong, with a uniform pore
structure and poorly defined annual rings. It has a reddish -
brown color and may display stripe, ribbon, broken stripe,
rope, ripple, mottle, fiddleback or blister figures. Mahogany
is used in styles ranging from Victorian furniture
reproductions to Contemporary.

6. • CHERRY - A moderately hard, strong, closed grain,
light to red-brown wood, cherry resists warping
and checking. It is easy to carve and polish.
• WALNUT - Walnut is strong, hard and durable,
without being excessively heavy. It has excellent
woodworking qualities, and takes finishes well.
• ROSEWOOD - It is hard to work and takes high
polish. Used in musical instruments, piano cases,
tool handles, art projects, veneers and furniture.
• TEAK - Teak is a yellow to dark brown hardwood
which is extremely heavy, strong and durable. It
carves well, but because of its high value, is often
used as a veneer.

7. CHERRY MAHOGANY MAPLE
OAK ROSEWOOD TEAK
WALNUT