This document discusses various defects that can occur in timber. It describes defects due to conversion processes like sawing, defects caused by fungi like blue stain and dry rot, defects from insects such as beetles and termites, natural defects including knots and shakes, and defects that can arise during seasoning like bowing, cupping, and honeycombing. In total, it outlines over 20 different types of defects that may be present in timber.
definition of timber, defects, sources of timber, seasoning of timber, components of timbers
classification of timber, advantages of timber, disadvantages of timber.
definition of timber, defects, sources of timber, seasoning of timber, components of timbers
classification of timber, advantages of timber, disadvantages of timber.
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
The process of removal of moisture content from wood, so as to make it useful for construction and other uses, is called drying of wood or seasoning of wood.
types of seasoning in wood
artificial seasoning of wood
how to season firewood quickly
chemical seasoning of timber
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types of seasoning of timber
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water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
air seasoning wood
types of seasoning in wood
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
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natural seasoning timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
disadvantages of artificial seasoning
seasoning defects in timber
kiln seasoning of timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
methods of seasoning timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
louisiana shrimp boil seasoning
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seafood boil seasoning
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types of seasoning in wood
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slide share
slideshare ppt
Timbers: Varieties of Indian timber, Characteristics and suitability
for different uses, Defects in timber, Diseases and decay in timber, Preservation and
Seasoning, Veneers, Fiber boards, Block boards
wood defects for civil engineering studentselviraandadi14
No matter what species of timber you use, you will undoubtedly come across some pieces that contain defects.
Defects may be naturally occurring or can be man-made. Natural defects can be due to many reasons such as environmental factors, growth patterns, soil composition, etc. Man-made defects can occur at many points ... from the felling of the tree, transport, storage, sawing, drying, etc.
All you need to know about timber in just a single ppt with interesting slides. Hope it hlps! This ppt was created as the result of a teamwork with my classmates
The process of removal of moisture content from wood, so as to make it useful for construction and other uses, is called drying of wood or seasoning of wood.
types of seasoning in wood
artificial seasoning of wood
how to season firewood quickly
chemical seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber
wood seasoning process
types of seasoning of timber
different types of seasoning wood
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
air seasoning wood
types of seasoning in wood
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
natural seasoning timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
chemical seasoning of timber
reasons for seasoning timber
disadvantages of artificial seasoning
seasoning defects in timber
kiln seasoning of timber
water seasoning of timber
seasoning of timber pdf
natural seasoning timber
methods of seasoning timber
reasons for seasoning timber
kiln seasoning of timber
seasoning defects in timber
louisiana shrimp boil seasoning
seafood boil seasoning ingredients
seafood boil seasoning mix recipe
homemade seafood boil seasoning recipe
seafood boil seasoning
shrimp boil seasoning mix recipe
louisiana crawfish boil seasoning recipe
homemade crab boil seasoning
types of seasoning in wood
air seasoning wood
wood seasoning process
seasoning wood for burning
seasoning ash wood
artificial seasoning of wood
seasoning wood for woodworking
different types of seasoning wood
slide share
slideshare ppt
Timbers: Varieties of Indian timber, Characteristics and suitability
for different uses, Defects in timber, Diseases and decay in timber, Preservation and
Seasoning, Veneers, Fiber boards, Block boards
wood defects for civil engineering studentselviraandadi14
No matter what species of timber you use, you will undoubtedly come across some pieces that contain defects.
Defects may be naturally occurring or can be man-made. Natural defects can be due to many reasons such as environmental factors, growth patterns, soil composition, etc. Man-made defects can occur at many points ... from the felling of the tree, transport, storage, sawing, drying, etc.
TIMBER -
AN INTEGRAL PART OF OUR DAY TO DAY LIVES
TIMBER ITS DEFECTS, SEASONING AND USAGE IS DISCUSSED IN HERE WITH APPROPRIATE PICTURES MAKING IT QUITE SELF UNDERSTANDABLE
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. • Defects due to conversion
• Defects due to fungi
• Defects due to insects
• Defects due to natural forces
• Defects due to seasoning
3. DEFECTS DUE TO CONVERSION
• Chip mark- indicated by marks or signs
placed by chips on the finished surface of
timber
• Diagonal grain- formed due to improper
sawing of timber
• Torn grain- defect is caused when a small
depression is formed on the finished
surface of timber by falling of a tool or so
• Wane- denoted by presence of original
rounded surface on the manufactured
piece of timber
4. DEFECTS DUE TO FUNGI
• Blue stain- sap of wood is stained to bluish
color by the action of certain type of fungi
• Brown rot- fungi of certain types remove
cellulose compounds from wood and hence
the wood assumes the brown color
• Dry rot- fungi of certain types feed on wood
and during feeding, they attack on wood
and convert it into dry powder form
• Heart rot- heart wood is exposed to the
attack of atmospheric agents; tree becomes
weak and it gives out hollow sound when
struck with a hammer
5. • Sap stain- certain type of fungi feed on cell
contents of sap wood; sap wood loses its
color
• Wet rot- some fungi cause chemical
decomposition of wood; convert timber into
greyish brown powder
• White rot- certain types of fungi attack lignin
of wood; wood assumes appearance of white
mass consisting of cellulose compounds
6. DEFECTS DUE TO INSECTS
• Beetles- form pin holes of about 2mm
diameter
• Marine borers- diameter of the holes
made by them is about 25mm
• Termites/white ants- eat away wood
from core of the cross-section
7. DEFECTS DUE TO NATURAL FORCES
• Chemical stain- wood gets discolored by
chemical action caused with it by some
external agency
• Knots- These are bases of branches or
limbs which are broken or cut off from
tree. The portion from which branch is
removed receives nourishment from
stem and it ultimately results in the
formation of dark hard rings which are
known as knots.
• Shakes- cracks which partly or
completely separate the fibres of wood
8. Varieties of Shakes
Cup Shakes- curved crack; separates partly
one annual ring from the other; develops
due to non-uniform growth or excessive
bending of growing tree during cyclonic
weather.
Heart shakes- occur in center of cross-
section of tree and extend from pith to sap
wood in the direction of medullary rays;
occur due to shrinkage of interior part of
tree which is approaching maturity
Ring shakes- when cup shakes cover the
entire ring
Star shakes- cracks which extend from bark
towards sap wood; usually confined upto
the plane of sap wood
9. • Twisted fibres- also k/a wandering hearts;
caused by twisting of young trees by fast
blowing wind; unsuitable for sawing
• Rind galls- rind means bark, gall means
abnormal growth; peculiar curved
swellings found on body of tree
• Upsets- also k/a ruptures; indicate wood
fibres which are injured by crushing or
compression; caused due to improper
felling of tree
• Burls- also k/a excrescences; irregular
projections appear on the body of timber;
formed when tree has received shock in
its young age
10. DEFECTS DUE TO SEASONING
• Bow- indicated by curvature formed in
direction of length of timber
• Cup- indicated by curvature formed in
transverse direction of timber
• Case-hardening- exposed surface of
timber dries rapidly, therefore shrinks and
is under compression; interior surface is
under tension
• Check- crack which separates fibres of
wood; does not extend from one end to
other
11. • Collapse- due to uneven shrinkage, wood
sometimes flattens during drying
• Honey-combing- due to stresses
developed during drying, the various
radial and circular cracks develop in
interior portion of timber; timber assumes
the honey-comb texture
• Radial shakes- are radial, fine, irregular
and numerous cracks; run for short
distance from bark towards center, then
follow direction of annual ring and
ultimately run towards pith; occur when
tree is exposed to sun for seasoning after
being felled down
12. • Split- when a check extends
from one end to other
• Twist- when a piece of timber
has spirally distorted along its
length
• Warp- when a piece of timber
twisted out of shape
