3. • One of the most familiar and
widely distributed of all insects.
• Scientists have calculated that a
pair of flies beginning
reproduction in April may be
progenitors, under optimal
conditions and if all were to live,
of 191,010,000,000,000,000,000
flies by August.
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تريليون
4. • Adult house fly is 6 to 7 mm long.
• The compound eyes are reddish.
• It has an aristate antenna.
• Thorax is gray, with four longitudinal
dark lines on the back.
Morphology
compound eye
one pair of wings thorax
abdomen
antenna
arista
dark lines
5. • There are three pairs of walking legs.
• Their whole body is covered with hairs.
• Houseflies have only one pair of wings; the
hind pair is reduced to small halters that aid
in flight stability.
Morphology
compound eye
one pair of wings thorax
abdomen
6. Morphology
• It has two pillows and two claws at the
end of each leg.
• There is a sharp upward bend in the
fourth wing vein.
pillow
claw
7. • A house fly has a sponging
mouthpart.
• The sponging mouthpart is
modified into a flattened,
rounded structure used
for sponging liquid and
semi-liquid food.
8. • The females are slightly larger than
the males.
• The Females have a
much larger space
between their red
compound eyes.
9. • White eggs, about 1.2 mm in length.
• Laid singly.
• Each female fly can lay up to 500 eggs in
several batches of about 75 to 150 eggs,
each over a three to four day period.
Morphology
11. • The mature larva is 3 to 9 mm long,
typical creamy whitish in color,
cylindrical but tapering toward the
head.
• The head contains one pair of dark
hooks.
• Legless.
Thorax
Head
Abdomen
Morphology
12. • The posterior spiracles are slightly raised and
the spiracular openings are sinuous slits which
are completely surrounded by an oval black
border.
• Feed on and develop in the organic material
where the eggs were laid.
• The larvae go through three instars.
• When the maggots are full-grown, they crawl up
to 50 feet to a dried, cool place near breeding
material and transform to the pupal stage.
Morphology
13. • The pupae are dark brown and 8 mm long.
• The pupal stage is passed in a pupal case
formed from the last larval skin which varies
in color from yellow, red, brown, to black as
the pupa ages.
Morphology
15. • The common housefly, Musca domestica, lives
in close association with people all over the
world.
• Active in daytime and rest at night.
• Prevalent all the year round in tropics and
subtropics.
• Feed usually on liquid or semi-liquid
substances.
• Standing and feeding on human excretion and
on human food.
• Houseflies use saliva and vomiting to liquefy
solid food before feeding on it.
16. • Complete metamorphosis.
• Female lay eggs.
• Egg hatch to give larva (maggot).
• Maggot transform into pupa.
• Adult emerge from pupa.
19. • Annoying:
– In large numbers flies
can be an important
nuisance for people
during the eating, work
and at leisure.
• Disease causative:
–Accidental myiasis (intestinal
myiasis).
20. • Transmission of organisms on its hairs,
mouthparts, vomits and feces:
– Bacterial diseases:
• Bacillary dysentery (Shigella dysenteriae).
• Infant diarrhea (Escherichia coli ).
• Typhoid (Salmonella typhi & S. paratyphi).
• Cholera (Vibrio comma ).
• Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
• Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis ).
•Trachoma.
• Ophthalmia (many species of Bacteria).
21. • Transmission of organisms on its hairs,
mouthparts, vomits and feces:
– Viral diseases:
• Poliomyelitis.
• Hepatitis (A & E).
– Parasitic diseases:
• Cysts of protozoa (Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba
histolytica).
• Eggs of helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris
trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis
nana and Taenia solium).
22. Trachoma
Blinding trachoma affects more than 80
million people around the world.
Children are mainly concerned by the
infection, and every 4 people blind from
trachoma 3 are women.
23. Prevention and control
• Keeping raw and cooked food covered.
• Washing exposed crockery and cooking tools before
use.
• To kill adult insects, we can carry out insecticidal
spray treatments to fly landing sites, e.g. window
frames and nearby light coloured walls and ceilings.
• Spraying insecticides will have good results.
• Using toxic baits.
• Sanitary disposal of garbage and feces (breeding
places).
• Health Education.
