Tibet sits at a very high altitude with a unique ecosystem. It borders India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is the most iconic site, built on a mountain at over 12,000 feet. Tibetan Buddhism combined Indian practices with local Bon rituals and features prayer flags, chortens, and thankas. Architecture uses stone, wood and slate with symmetrical designs. Myanmar has thousands of pagodas due to its Buddhist heritage, like the gilded Kyaiktiyo Pagoda and Mahamuni Buddha in Mandalay housed in a gilded pagoda. Bagan contains over 2,000 pagodas from the 11th-13th century
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The PPP is on Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Kahjuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India for the students of UG on its architecture and art with its historical background.
The slide is not for my API, It is for the students. .
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Temple Architecture of Early Chalukyas “Pattadkal” Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information of Pattadakal temple. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
The Lingaraja Temple is the product of accumulated and crystallised experience of several centuries and represents the quintessence of Orissan architecture. It is one of the most finished and refined manifestations of temple architecture in India. Every element of the temple displays the consummate skill of its designers and craftsmen. The graceful contour of its soaring gandi is a marvel. The entire panoply of Orissan decorative motifs is mustered here with rare aesthetic sense; every carving enhances the majesty of the edifice as a whole. The construction of the temple is associated with three of the later Somavamsi kings though there is no reliable record. Stylistically dated to around 1065 CE, the Lingaraja became the formal paradigm for almost all Orissan temples built in the next 400 years.
1. Historical Background of the Pallavas and the legacy of their Architecture
2. Aspects and Architectural Techniques of Monolithic Temple Architecture of the Pallavas
3. Origin of the Monolithic Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Monolithic Architectural Aspects of the Panchapandava Rathas at Mahabalipuram
History of Architecture- Indo-Aryan Temples of OrissaVyshnaviMajety
A presentation on Indo-Aryan Temples of Orissa. The architectural features, elements, planning, and the history of the temples. Plans, Sections and Elevations of Puri Jagannath Temple, Lingaraj Temple, Sun Temple Konark, Raja Rani Temple, Mukteshwara Temple, Parasurameshwara Temple, Anantha Vasudeva Temple.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The PPP is on Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Kahjuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India for the students of UG on its architecture and art with its historical background.
The slide is not for my API, It is for the students. .
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Temple Architecture of Early Chalukyas “Pattadkal” Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information of Pattadakal temple. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
The Lingaraja Temple is the product of accumulated and crystallised experience of several centuries and represents the quintessence of Orissan architecture. It is one of the most finished and refined manifestations of temple architecture in India. Every element of the temple displays the consummate skill of its designers and craftsmen. The graceful contour of its soaring gandi is a marvel. The entire panoply of Orissan decorative motifs is mustered here with rare aesthetic sense; every carving enhances the majesty of the edifice as a whole. The construction of the temple is associated with three of the later Somavamsi kings though there is no reliable record. Stylistically dated to around 1065 CE, the Lingaraja became the formal paradigm for almost all Orissan temples built in the next 400 years.
1. Historical Background of the Pallavas and the legacy of their Architecture
2. Aspects and Architectural Techniques of Monolithic Temple Architecture of the Pallavas
3. Origin of the Monolithic Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Monolithic Architectural Aspects of the Panchapandava Rathas at Mahabalipuram
History of Architecture- Indo-Aryan Temples of OrissaVyshnaviMajety
A presentation on Indo-Aryan Temples of Orissa. The architectural features, elements, planning, and the history of the temples. Plans, Sections and Elevations of Puri Jagannath Temple, Lingaraj Temple, Sun Temple Konark, Raja Rani Temple, Mukteshwara Temple, Parasurameshwara Temple, Anantha Vasudeva Temple.
Este estilo de arquitectura nace en Bolivia, Y presenta tipologias de mini mansiones, las cuales combinan arquitectura moderna con diseños tradicionales y reflejan sobre todo dos cosas: la riqueza de los dueños y su condición de aymara
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaitya halls, also called chaitya grihas)
Here is a well documented presentation about the situation in Tibet, all information has been verified as to be truth. You'll see the manipulation that some media are making about history. Sun Tze said that the winner can arrange history on his way...
A Presentation on Swayambhunath Stupa.
Swayambhunath Stupa is enlisted in the UNESCO's World Heritage Site.
It is in the capital city of Nepal and a major shrine for both Hindu and Buddhist followers.
This presentation helps you understand about Stupa architecture and Swayambhunath shrine and its areas nearby.
Is it finally time for that first holiday you’ll be taking ? If so, then most likely you’ll be looking for a reasonably cheap destination where you can have all the fun in the world and enjoy your newfound independence.Here it is: I'm presented about a best holiday destination.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
3. •
Tibet sits on the highest plateau in the world, at an average of 12,000 14,000 feet.
•
Tibet’s high plains, forests and mountains form a unique ecosystem on the
planet and are home to an array of rare wildlife, including the snow
leopard, blue sheep and Tibetan wild ass.
9. Stylistic Sources of Art and Architecture
1.
INDIAN Art : 11th - 14th
2.
NEPALESE Art : 14th -16th
3.
CHINESE Ming schools - 15th onwards
10. Buddhism - introduced in
towards the end of the 8th c
when
King
Trisong
Detsen, invited two Buddhist
masters from India.
Tibetan Buddhism combined
the original, or Mahayanist
practices
yoga,
with
tantra,
shamanic
rituals and elements of an
older Tibetan religion known
as Bon.
11. Annual Buddhism dancing festival at the Labrang Temple in Xiahe County, northwest China's
Gansu Province, Feb. 8, 2009.
Monks of the Labrang Temple belonging to the Tibetan Buddhism's Geru Sect perform
religionary dance on Sunday to pray for peace and happiness.
12.
13. Prayer flags - Lung-ta, or "Windhorse“ - horse which is both the subduer
of evil & the vehicle of enlightenment.
One roll of 25 flags strung together showing five traditional
designs, each five times. The five colors have many meanings in
Tibetan Buddhism - five directions, the five physical elements, the
five wisdoms, the five meditation Buddhas, the five mental
attributes, or the five realms of existence with blue sky, white
cloud, red fire, green water, and yellow earth.
14. Prayer Flags at Namtso,
5,190 meter high Lakenla
Pass on the way to Namtso
Lake.
Found strung along
mountain ridge and
peaks, to sanctify the
surrounding geography.
http://phyang.org/photo/tibet.htm
Prayer flags are also hoisted on special occasions such as the
marriage, new business, new year, childbirth and before opening most
important work as it , bring good luck and prosperity.
17. The Buddha Śākyamuni (Wangdrak) with structural
(Jackson, David & Janice. 1984. Tibetan thangka painting: methods and materials. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, NY)
grid
(tigse)
18. Great Stupa at Sanchi, India
Chorten or Tibetan stupa
•
Dagoba or stupa from Sri Lanka
Dome is smaller and the spire is
more prominent .
19. Chorten (Tibetan) or Stupa (Hindi)
1.
Square foundation - symbolizing
the earth
2.
Dome - symbolizing water
3.
13
tapering
steps
of
enlightenment - symbolizing the
element of fire.
•
Steps lead to a stylized
parasol - the symbol of
wind, which is topped in the
ethereal sphere by the wellknown
‘twin-symbol’
uniting
sun
and
moon, which
is the
shimmering crown of the
Chorten.”
Courtesy buddhanet.net
20. Eight different kind stupas, all referring to major events in
Buddha Shakyamuni’s life.
21. BUILDING CHARACTER
1. ORGANIC DESIGN to compliment
the natural surroundings.
2. Use of natural materials - stone,
clay, and wood.
3. Ranging from one to three stories
in height.
4. ROOFING
•
Flat roofs with parapets – in
central and western Tibetan
plateau with seldom rain.
•
Sloping roofs covered either
in slate, shingles, or ceramic
tile.
22. BUILDING CHARACTER
5. Symmetrical in lay-out and façade design.
6. WALLS
•
Use of stone or rammed earth may be up to a meter thick at the
base.
•
Temples and manor houses - slightly trapezoidal form, heavy at
the bottom (stone foundations) and light at the top, generally with
battered walls
sloping inward to create
an illusion of height.
23. BUILDING CHARACTER
7. Windows are usually small because the
walls are so heavy that large openings
would make the structure weak and
unstable.
•
paper-covered wooden latticework
then but was replaced by glass.
24. BUILDING CHARACTER
4. Detailed
code
for
the
decoration of doors, windows
and parapets (including
5. Painted black frames around
doors and windows, and
complex wooden overhang
decorations),
6. Intricately carved interior
timber
frame
following
standardized
design
principles
7. Organic design – buildings
appear to grow out of the
landscape
27. 1. Outer White Palace - houses
the administrative quarters,
2. Inner Red Quarters - houses
the assembly hall of the
Lamas, chapels, 10,000 shrines
and a vast library of Buddhist
scriptures.
29. POTALA PALACE
•
13-storey palace stands 117 meters high
and has over 1,000 rooms.
•
Covers an area of 360,000 square meters.
•
Made of stone and wood, with walls
averaging from 1 – 5 meters thick.
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potala_Palace...
30. JOKHANG
MONASTERY
• 1st Buddhist temple in Tibet, located on Barkhor Square in Lhasa.
• Built during the reign of king Songsten Gampo (605?-650 CE) to celebrate
his marriage with Chinese Tang Dynasty princess Wencheng, who was
said to have introduced Buddhism to Tibet.
• The temple was called the Tsulag Khang or ‘House of Wisdom’ but it is
now known as the Jokhang which means the ‘House of the Buddha’.
31. Heavenly Jokhang
Talisman guarding the rooftop of Jokhang, the most revered religious icon of Tibet
where hundreds of prostrating pilgrams gathers everyday.
32. One of the many
exqusitely-built chorten
with delicate images in
the Gyantse Kumbum.
35. http://linnil.info/blog/?p=218
(Tagong Temple), built in 641AD.
It’s a symbol of the cultural mixture of the nations in China at that time and
is one of the most important temples in Tibet. combines the architecture
style from both Tibet and China. The high golden tower is a symbol of
Tibetan temple while edge of the roof resembles Han Chinese style.
39. • Called “THE LAND OF PAGODAS” as the
landscape is dominated by pagodas or stupas.
• ZEDI , Pahto, but are also commonly called
Hpaya synonymous with "Buddha“
• Hpongyi Kyaung - monasteries
http://www.myanmar-all.com/Myanmar_Pagoda.html
Shwedagon Pagoda
40. 6 PERIODS OF THE MYANMAR KINGDOM:
1. PYU ---------------------------- 6th c. until 1044
2. BAGAN AND POST BAGAN ---- 1044 – 1347
cultural peak of the kingdom, evident especially by the vast
and magnificent temples.
3. TUNGOO------------------------ 1347 – 1596
4. 2ND/3RD AVA ----------------- 1596 – 1789
5. AMARAPURA ------------------ 1789 – 1853
6. MANDALAY --------------------1853 – 1948
common style associated with Burma, the architecture is
similar to the contemporary Thai Rattanakosin style
BRITISH COLONIAL ---------------- 1885-1948
Referred to as Post Mandalay
41. • Four most important Burmese Buddhist pilgrimage
sites are:
1. Bagan, an ancient capital
2. Kyaiktiyo Pagoda in Mon State
3. Mahamuni Buddha in Mandalay
4. Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon
42.
43.
44.
45.
46. •
Central Burma situated on the left bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River and
approximately 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Mandalay.
•
Site of an ancient capital city in Mandalay
•
Arimaddanapura or Arimaddana (the City of the Enemy Crusher)
•
Tambadipa (the Land of Copper) or Tassadessa (the Parched Land)
•
Pilgrimage centre and contains ancient Buddhist shrines that have been
restored and redecorated and are in current use.
BAGAN (PAGAN)
50. Ananda Temple
•
•
•
Completed in 1091 A.D. by King Kyanzittha and modeled after the legendary
Nandamula cave in the Himalaya mountains.
51.0 m., and it received its golden gilding in 1990 in commemoration of the
900th anniversary of its construction.
Contained within the temple are 4 great statues of the Buddhas.
53. Shwezigon Pagoda
•
Built as the most important
reliquary shrine in Bagan.
•
Begun by King Anawrahta
and completed by King
Kyanzittha in 1089. It
contains several bones and
hairs of the Buddha.
•
Pre-Buddhist Nat worship
were
combined
with
Buddhist themes in the
pagoda’s construction.
Nats are pagan anamistic spirits
:www.sacredsites.com/asia/burma/bagan.html
58. Mahabodhi Temple
•
•
Smaller version of the famous Bodhi temple in Bodh Gaya, India (where the Buddha
attained enlightenment beneath the Bodhi tree).
Built during the reign of King Nantaungmya (1210-1234) and is completely covered
with niches containing seated Buddha figures.
59. Alisin ang frame
Kyaiktiyo Pagoda
•
www.flickr.com/photos/robabbott/406576514
Known as Golden Rock, famous Buddhist pilgrimage site in Mon
State, Burma.
60. Kyaiktiyo Pagoda
•
Believers claim that the
large
boulder
was
placed on the cliff 2,500
years ago, by two nats.
•
Atop the gilded boulder
is a 5.5 m (18 ft)
pagoda,
which
is
believed to contain a
hair of the Buddha.
62. The Mahamuni
Buddha, Mandalay
• The Great Sage, also known
as the Maha Myat Muni Paya,
Rakhine Paya, Payagyi, is a
major Buddhist pilgrimage
site.
• Buddha statue was brought
from Rakhine State in 1784 by
King Bodawpaya as spoils of
war.
• 4.0 m. high, and the statue is
made of bronze, weighing 6.5
tons.
63. The Mahamuni Buddha
•
Gold leaf is regularly
applied to the face of
the
Mahamuni
Buddha, and monks
wash the face and teeth
of the image each
morning.
65. Shwedagon Pagoda,
Rangoon
• SHWE -
means gold
• DAGON -
former name
of Yangon(Rangoon).
www.flickr.com/photos/flappingwings/88846590/
66. •
Shwedagon Pagoda (Main
Stupa) - located at the center.
•
Octagonal base with eight
smaller stupas on each of its
eight sides, making a total of
sixty-four.
•
Around the Main Stupa - Many
pavilions (tazaungs), resting
places
(zayats), statues, temples, shrin
es and smaller pagodas.
•
Manokthihas
(sphinxes), surrounded by a
number of Manokthihas are
found, one at each corner of
the platform.
67. Shwedagon Pagoda
• Sits on Singuttara Hill and
dominates the skyline of
Rangoon, Burma.
• 98.0 m. (320-360 ft.) high
solid gold plated pagoda,
covered in 60 tons of gold
leaf,
68. Shwedagon Pagoda
• The top of the golden
stupa (hti or umbrella) is
tipped with
o 5,448 diamonds
o 2,317 rubies
o Crowned with a
single
diamond
(sein bu) weighing
76 carats.
69. Eight-Day Symbolism
•
•
•
At each cardinal point of
the compass
Direction
Day
Planet
Sign
Around the Shwedagon
Pagoda platform are the
eight planetary posts
representing the eight
days of the week
S
Wed AM
Mercury
tusked
elephant
SW
W
Sat
Thu
Saturn
Jupiter
naga
rat
NW
Wed PM
Yahu
tuskless
elephant
(Wednesday is divided
into a.m. and p.m.
making
it
two
days), each with its own
planet
and
animal
symbol. Beside each
planetary post is a
gilded Buddha figure
made of alabaster.
N
Fri
Venus
guinea
pig or
mole
NE
Sun
Sun
garuda
E
SE
Mon
Tue
Moon
Mars
tiger
lion
79. The monastery of Taung Kalat is also
home to the 37 Mahagiri Nats –
spirits of humans who met violent
deaths revered in conjunction with
Buddhism – their statues to be found
at the base of the Shrine.
http://sandysdreamzunlimited.blogspot.com/2009/10/gigantic-lava-plug-budhhistmonastery.html
80. M A Bhanpurwala
Ngaphechaung Monastery
•
Wooden monastery is built on stilts and is located in Inle Lake.
•
Built in the 1850s, it is now home to numerous Buddhas as well as cats
that are trained to jump through hoops.
81. Shwenandaw Kyaung
•
Monastery built of wood, and is one of the oldest wooden buildings in
Mandalay that was spared from damage during the WW II.
•
Originally located within the grounds of Mandalay Palace.
87. Mandalay Palace was burned to
the ground during World War 2.
It was rebuild over the last 10
years based on photographs and
British and Burmese records.