Tibet sits at a high altitude with a unique ecosystem. It is home to rare wildlife and bordered by India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is the most important Buddhist site, built in the 17th century and housing artifacts. Prayer flags are used to sanctify the landscape and bring good fortune. Stupas called Chortens are architectural structures used in Buddhist rituals and symbolizing enlightenment. Bagan in Myanmar is known as the "Land of Pagodas" due to its landscape dominated by Buddhist stupas and temples from the 9th-13th centuries. The structures blend Burmese and Indian architectural styles.
Thailand is located in Southeast Asia. It borders Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Myanmar. Bangkok is the capital city. Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion in Thailand. The climate is tropical, with three seasons in the north and two seasons in the south. Historically, Thailand has been influenced by the Mon, Khmer, Malay and Tai peoples. Major historical periods include the Sukhothai Kingdom, Ayutthaya Kingdom and the current Rattanakosin period under the Chakri dynasty.
This document provides information about architectural styles in Nepal. It begins with geographical context, noting Nepal's location between India and China and its topographical divisions. Key architectural influences discussed include climate, materials, history, religion, and social factors. Examples of architectural features are given for various regions, including the Kathmandu Valley cities of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Specific monument types described include stupas, temples, and palaces. The document concludes with details on the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan.
Traditional Japanese architecture was influenced by geography, geology, history, religion and climate. The main styles that developed included shinden-zukuri houses for aristocracy with symmetrical layouts connected by hallways allowing enjoyment of nature. Samurai developed shoin-zukuri houses featuring alcoves reflecting the tea ceremony. Shinto shrines had distinctive torii gates and sandō approach. Buddhist temples contained pagodas and main halls housing Buddha images. Castles were strongly fortified demonstrating lordly power. Construction used wood with techniques like yariganna wood splitting for beauty.
This document provides an overview of Nepalese architecture. It discusses the geographical, climatic, geological, historical and religious influences on architectural styles. Key points include:
- The blending of Indian and Chinese influences due to Nepal's location between the two cultures.
- The use of wood, stone, bricks and tiles in construction.
- Iconic stupas, temples and multi-tiered pagoda roof structures.
- Intricately carved woodwork, windows and metal ornamentation.
- Important religious sites like Swayambhunath, Bodnath and Pashupatinath temples in Kathmandu.
Thailand is located in Southeast Asia. It borders Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Myanmar. Bangkok is the capital city. Theravada Buddhism is the dominant religion in Thailand. The climate is tropical, with three seasons in the north and two seasons in the south. Historically, Thailand has been influenced by the Mon, Khmer, Malay and Tai peoples. Major historical periods include the Sukhothai Kingdom, Ayutthaya Kingdom and the current Rattanakosin period under the Chakri dynasty.
This document provides information about architectural styles in Nepal. It begins with geographical context, noting Nepal's location between India and China and its topographical divisions. Key architectural influences discussed include climate, materials, history, religion, and social factors. Examples of architectural features are given for various regions, including the Kathmandu Valley cities of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Specific monument types described include stupas, temples, and palaces. The document concludes with details on the Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan.
Traditional Japanese architecture was influenced by geography, geology, history, religion and climate. The main styles that developed included shinden-zukuri houses for aristocracy with symmetrical layouts connected by hallways allowing enjoyment of nature. Samurai developed shoin-zukuri houses featuring alcoves reflecting the tea ceremony. Shinto shrines had distinctive torii gates and sandō approach. Buddhist temples contained pagodas and main halls housing Buddha images. Castles were strongly fortified demonstrating lordly power. Construction used wood with techniques like yariganna wood splitting for beauty.
This document provides an overview of Nepalese architecture. It discusses the geographical, climatic, geological, historical and religious influences on architectural styles. Key points include:
- The blending of Indian and Chinese influences due to Nepal's location between the two cultures.
- The use of wood, stone, bricks and tiles in construction.
- Iconic stupas, temples and multi-tiered pagoda roof structures.
- Intricately carved woodwork, windows and metal ornamentation.
- Important religious sites like Swayambhunath, Bodnath and Pashupatinath temples in Kathmandu.
The document provides an overview of Indonesian architecture. It discusses the diverse influences on Indonesian architecture from various ethnic groups, religions, and foreign colonizers. Traditional Indonesian architecture is characterized by structures built on stilts to withstand tropical weather, with steeply pitched roofs and large overhanging eaves. Significant religious architecture includes Hindu-Buddhist candi from the 8th-10th centuries and mosques with distinct Indonesian interpretations beginning in the 15th century. Traditional vernacular architecture, known as rumah adat, varies significantly between ethnic groups and regions. Palace architecture is based on grand versions of local styles.
This document summarizes the main types and architectural features of stupas and temples found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It identifies three main types of stupas: 1) dome stupas, 2) terrace stupas, and 3) tower stupas. It then provides details on the common architectural elements of Buddhist temples (wats) in Thailand, including the main structures like the chedi, viharn, and ubosot as well as decorative features like naga, singha lions, and roof ornaments.
Japanese architecture has been influenced by Buddhism, China, and the climate. Traditional styles use wood construction, tatami mat floors, sliding doors, and feature wooden post-and-beam structures with tiled or thatched roofs. Over time, architectural styles evolved from small prehistoric structures to include Buddhist temple designs in the Asuka period incorporating pagodas and worship halls. Defensive castles emerged in the Azuchi-Momoyama period while the Edo period saw the development of machya townhouses. Modern architecture saw increasing Western influence and the use of new technologies and materials following World War 2.
The document discusses the history and architecture of temples in Thailand. It describes the typical layout of a Thai Buddhist temple complex, which includes ordination halls, libraries, bell towers, and most prominently, chedis or stupas that house Buddhist relics. The architectural styles of temples evolved over time, from early Khmer influences to distinctive Lanna and Rattanakosin styles. Key elements like the multi-tiered roofs and naga bargeboards are elaborated on. The document provides examples of specific temple structures and regional variations in Thailand.
The document provides information on the architecture of Vietnam and Laos. It discusses the historical backgrounds and influences on the architecture of both countries. Some key architectural sites mentioned include the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, the Complex of Hue Monuments including royal tombs and pagodas, the ancient town of Hoi An with its fusion of styles, and the Cham ruins at My Son Sanctuary. In Laos, the historic town of Luang Prabang and its temples are highlighted.
Chinese architecture has some distinct structural features compared to Western architecture. Traditionally, Chinese buildings use post and beam construction where columns support the roof and walls act as enclosing screens with roof overhangs. This type of construction was used for simple homes as well as large palaces. Another characteristic is the curved roof, enabled by the Chinese beam-frame construction, which developed further by the Tang Dynasty. Brackets are also used to support the decorative curved roofs. Over time, styles changed but the underlying structural approach of post and beam construction remained central to Chinese architecture.
History of Architecture 3
Report by: SR
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
3rd Term S.Y. 2015-16
June 2016
Special thanks to other SlideShare who posted their presentations about Lao Art and Architecture.
Intro to Traditional Tibetan ArchitectureWILL ROURK
This slide presentation gives a basic overview of traditional Tibetan architecture and building forms. Material included in this presentation from the Tibet Heritage Fund - http://www.tibetheritagefund.org/pages/home.php and The Lhasa Atlas, Knud Larsen, Amund Sinding-Larsen, Shambhala; First Edition edition (October 16, 2001), ISBN-10: 157062867X, ISBN-13: 978-1570628672 and The Traditional Lhasa House: Typology of an Endangered Species, Andre Alexander, LIT Verlag (September 24, 2013), ISBN-10: 3643902034, ISBN-13: 978-3643902030
The document discusses architectural styles found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It describes three main stupa types: dome stupas, terrace stupas, and tower stupas. It then focuses on architecture in Thailand, describing elements of Thai Buddhist temples like the chedi, viharn, and ubosot. It also discusses architectural features of Thai palaces and common houses.
Traditional Chinese architecture has remained largely unchanged over centuries, using wood construction and following principles of Feng Shui and Taoism. Key features include modular construction, exposed wooden structures, and bracket sets. Religious structures like pagodas and temples incorporate Chinese architectural styles. The Forbidden City and Great Wall of China are notable examples that had influence from Confucian ideology emphasizing social hierarchy.
The document provides information on architectural styles found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It discusses the different types of stupas/pagodas commonly seen in the region, including dome stupas, terrace stupas, and tower stupas. The key architectural elements of Thai Buddhist temples are outlined, such as the chedi, viharn, bot, naga sculptures, and ornate roof decorations. Overall, the architecture in these Southeast Asian countries was heavily influenced by India and reflects the predominant Buddhist religion through the prominent stupas and design of temples.
This document provides information on the architecture and history of Vietnam and Laos. It discusses the geography and colonial history of Vietnam. The two main cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are located along major rivers. Vietnamese culture has been influenced by various ethnic groups and religions like Buddhism and Hinduism. Notable architectural sites in Vietnam include the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, the Complex of Hue Monuments, Hoi An Ancient Town, and My Son Sanctuary. Ha Long Bay, the Historic Town of Luang Prabang, and Wat Phou are UNESCO World Heritage sites in Vietnam and Laos. The document includes pictures and
This document provides an overview of Japanese architecture. It begins with definitions of key architectural terms used in Japan. It then discusses the origins and major influences on Japanese architecture, including geographical, geological, climatic, social, political, historical, and religious influences. Major influences came from China and Buddhism. The document also describes standard architectural features of Japanese Buddhist temples and some famous structures like pagodas. It provides illustrations of common roof styles and building designs seen in Japanese architecture.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome underwent many changes over centuries of construction. The current basilica was begun in 1506 on the site of the original 4th century church said to be above St. Peter's tomb. 10 architects contributed to its design, most significantly Bramante, Michelangelo, and Maderno. Bramante designed a Greek cross-shaped church with a large central dome. Michelangelo reverted to this design but with a more massive structure. Maderno extended it into a Latin cross with a long nave and added the famous facade. Features include Bernini's baldachin and decorations that make it the largest and one of the most magnificent churches in the world.
Tibet sits at a very high altitude with a unique ecosystem. It borders India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is the most iconic site, built on a mountain at over 12,000 feet. Tibetan Buddhism combined Indian practices with local Bon rituals and features prayer flags, chortens, and thankas. Architecture uses stone, wood and slate with symmetrical designs. Myanmar has thousands of pagodas due to its Buddhist heritage, like the gilded Kyaiktiyo Pagoda and Mahamuni Buddha in Mandalay housed in a gilded pagoda. Bagan contains over 2,000 pagodas from the 11th-13th century
The document discusses Buddhist architecture from its origins in India to specific architectural features. It began with symbols representing Buddha's life under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Major architectural features developed like stupas, pillars, and chaitya temples. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is described along with its dome, gateways, and railings. Specific examples like the Amaravati Stupa and the rock-cut chaitya hall and caves at Karli and Elephanta are also summarized. Buddhist architecture played an important role in spreading Buddhism across India and developed various regional styles over centuries.
The document provides an overview of Indonesian architecture. It discusses the diverse influences on Indonesian architecture from various ethnic groups, religions, and foreign colonizers. Traditional Indonesian architecture is characterized by structures built on stilts to withstand tropical weather, with steeply pitched roofs and large overhanging eaves. Significant religious architecture includes Hindu-Buddhist candi from the 8th-10th centuries and mosques with distinct Indonesian interpretations beginning in the 15th century. Traditional vernacular architecture, known as rumah adat, varies significantly between ethnic groups and regions. Palace architecture is based on grand versions of local styles.
This document summarizes the main types and architectural features of stupas and temples found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It identifies three main types of stupas: 1) dome stupas, 2) terrace stupas, and 3) tower stupas. It then provides details on the common architectural elements of Buddhist temples (wats) in Thailand, including the main structures like the chedi, viharn, and ubosot as well as decorative features like naga, singha lions, and roof ornaments.
Japanese architecture has been influenced by Buddhism, China, and the climate. Traditional styles use wood construction, tatami mat floors, sliding doors, and feature wooden post-and-beam structures with tiled or thatched roofs. Over time, architectural styles evolved from small prehistoric structures to include Buddhist temple designs in the Asuka period incorporating pagodas and worship halls. Defensive castles emerged in the Azuchi-Momoyama period while the Edo period saw the development of machya townhouses. Modern architecture saw increasing Western influence and the use of new technologies and materials following World War 2.
The document discusses the history and architecture of temples in Thailand. It describes the typical layout of a Thai Buddhist temple complex, which includes ordination halls, libraries, bell towers, and most prominently, chedis or stupas that house Buddhist relics. The architectural styles of temples evolved over time, from early Khmer influences to distinctive Lanna and Rattanakosin styles. Key elements like the multi-tiered roofs and naga bargeboards are elaborated on. The document provides examples of specific temple structures and regional variations in Thailand.
The document provides information on the architecture of Vietnam and Laos. It discusses the historical backgrounds and influences on the architecture of both countries. Some key architectural sites mentioned include the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, the Complex of Hue Monuments including royal tombs and pagodas, the ancient town of Hoi An with its fusion of styles, and the Cham ruins at My Son Sanctuary. In Laos, the historic town of Luang Prabang and its temples are highlighted.
Chinese architecture has some distinct structural features compared to Western architecture. Traditionally, Chinese buildings use post and beam construction where columns support the roof and walls act as enclosing screens with roof overhangs. This type of construction was used for simple homes as well as large palaces. Another characteristic is the curved roof, enabled by the Chinese beam-frame construction, which developed further by the Tang Dynasty. Brackets are also used to support the decorative curved roofs. Over time, styles changed but the underlying structural approach of post and beam construction remained central to Chinese architecture.
History of Architecture 3
Report by: SR
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
3rd Term S.Y. 2015-16
June 2016
Special thanks to other SlideShare who posted their presentations about Lao Art and Architecture.
Intro to Traditional Tibetan ArchitectureWILL ROURK
This slide presentation gives a basic overview of traditional Tibetan architecture and building forms. Material included in this presentation from the Tibet Heritage Fund - http://www.tibetheritagefund.org/pages/home.php and The Lhasa Atlas, Knud Larsen, Amund Sinding-Larsen, Shambhala; First Edition edition (October 16, 2001), ISBN-10: 157062867X, ISBN-13: 978-1570628672 and The Traditional Lhasa House: Typology of an Endangered Species, Andre Alexander, LIT Verlag (September 24, 2013), ISBN-10: 3643902034, ISBN-13: 978-3643902030
The document discusses architectural styles found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It describes three main stupa types: dome stupas, terrace stupas, and tower stupas. It then focuses on architecture in Thailand, describing elements of Thai Buddhist temples like the chedi, viharn, and ubosot. It also discusses architectural features of Thai palaces and common houses.
Traditional Chinese architecture has remained largely unchanged over centuries, using wood construction and following principles of Feng Shui and Taoism. Key features include modular construction, exposed wooden structures, and bracket sets. Religious structures like pagodas and temples incorporate Chinese architectural styles. The Forbidden City and Great Wall of China are notable examples that had influence from Confucian ideology emphasizing social hierarchy.
The document provides information on architectural styles found in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It discusses the different types of stupas/pagodas commonly seen in the region, including dome stupas, terrace stupas, and tower stupas. The key architectural elements of Thai Buddhist temples are outlined, such as the chedi, viharn, bot, naga sculptures, and ornate roof decorations. Overall, the architecture in these Southeast Asian countries was heavily influenced by India and reflects the predominant Buddhist religion through the prominent stupas and design of temples.
This document provides information on the architecture and history of Vietnam and Laos. It discusses the geography and colonial history of Vietnam. The two main cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are located along major rivers. Vietnamese culture has been influenced by various ethnic groups and religions like Buddhism and Hinduism. Notable architectural sites in Vietnam include the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, the Complex of Hue Monuments, Hoi An Ancient Town, and My Son Sanctuary. Ha Long Bay, the Historic Town of Luang Prabang, and Wat Phou are UNESCO World Heritage sites in Vietnam and Laos. The document includes pictures and
This document provides an overview of Japanese architecture. It begins with definitions of key architectural terms used in Japan. It then discusses the origins and major influences on Japanese architecture, including geographical, geological, climatic, social, political, historical, and religious influences. Major influences came from China and Buddhism. The document also describes standard architectural features of Japanese Buddhist temples and some famous structures like pagodas. It provides illustrations of common roof styles and building designs seen in Japanese architecture.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome underwent many changes over centuries of construction. The current basilica was begun in 1506 on the site of the original 4th century church said to be above St. Peter's tomb. 10 architects contributed to its design, most significantly Bramante, Michelangelo, and Maderno. Bramante designed a Greek cross-shaped church with a large central dome. Michelangelo reverted to this design but with a more massive structure. Maderno extended it into a Latin cross with a long nave and added the famous facade. Features include Bernini's baldachin and decorations that make it the largest and one of the most magnificent churches in the world.
Tibet sits at a very high altitude with a unique ecosystem. It borders India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The Potala Palace in Lhasa is the most iconic site, built on a mountain at over 12,000 feet. Tibetan Buddhism combined Indian practices with local Bon rituals and features prayer flags, chortens, and thankas. Architecture uses stone, wood and slate with symmetrical designs. Myanmar has thousands of pagodas due to its Buddhist heritage, like the gilded Kyaiktiyo Pagoda and Mahamuni Buddha in Mandalay housed in a gilded pagoda. Bagan contains over 2,000 pagodas from the 11th-13th century
The document discusses Buddhist architecture from its origins in India to specific architectural features. It began with symbols representing Buddha's life under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Major architectural features developed like stupas, pillars, and chaitya temples. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is described along with its dome, gateways, and railings. Specific examples like the Amaravati Stupa and the rock-cut chaitya hall and caves at Karli and Elephanta are also summarized. Buddhist architecture played an important role in spreading Buddhism across India and developed various regional styles over centuries.
A Presentation on Swayambhunath Stupa.
Swayambhunath Stupa is enlisted in the UNESCO's World Heritage Site.
It is in the capital city of Nepal and a major shrine for both Hindu and Buddhist followers.
This presentation helps you understand about Stupa architecture and Swayambhunath shrine and its areas nearby.
This document summarizes a study tour to Nepal and India by a group of 9 participants from Bangladesh from June 9-15, 2013. In Nepal, the group visited several notable temples and sites in Kathmandu including Swayambhunath Temple, Patan Durbar Square, and Pashupatinath Temple. They also visited temples and sites outside Kathmandu such as Bhaktapur and Nagarkot Tower. In India, the group toured temple sites in Bishnupur known for their terracotta architecture and ornate carvings, as well as the Jorhasanko Tagore House and Dakkhineshwar Temple in West Bengal. The document compares architectural features between Indian
The Temple of Heaven in Beijing was constructed between 1406 and 1420 during the Ming Dynasty as the site of imperial ceremonies and prayers for good harvests. The complex covers over 2,700,000 square meters and includes three main structures - the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Vault of Heaven, and the Circular Mound Altar. The buildings are arranged according to Feng Shui principles and feature ornate woodwork, blue tile roofs, and designs that represent the relationship between heaven and earth. Today, the Temple of Heaven is one of Beijing's most popular tourist destinations and a prime example of imperial Chinese architecture.
Borobudur is a 9th century Mahayana Buddhist temple located in Indonesia. It consists of nine stacked platforms topped by a central dome, decorated with over 500 Buddha statues and 2,672 relief panels. The temple was hidden for centuries before being rediscovered in 1814. It was built in the 8th-9th centuries during the reign of the Shailendra dynasty and took 75 years to complete. Borobudur's layout and symbolism represent Buddhist cosmology. It faced threats from natural disasters and was restored in a major international project in the 1970s.
The Famen Temple Cultural Scenic Area is located in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province, China. It has a history of over 1,700 years and contains several notable landmarks including Foguang Avenue, Famen Temple, and Heshi Stupa. Famen Temple gained significance as it housed relics of the Buddha and was an important Buddhist site. It experienced periods of construction, destruction, and restoration over the centuries under various dynasties with the wooden tower being rebuilt in brick during the Ming Dynasty.
Thailand's architecture has been influenced by its geography, climate, and various cultural influences. The tropical climate provided durable woods for construction. Religiously, Buddhism arrived in the 12th century and became dominant, influencing temple (wat) design with ornate roofs and decorations. Thailand avoided European colonization, maintaining its independence and traditions. The Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew temple complex in Bangkok fuses Thai, traditional, and western architectural styles.
The document discusses various architectural features of ancient Buddhist architecture in India, which originated under Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. It began with the development of symbols representing Buddha's life and teachings. Principal structures were built with a wide base tapering gradually upward for stability. Notable architectural forms discussed include stupas, viharas, chaityas, edicts, and stambhas (pillars). The Great Stupa at Sanchi is described as a well-preserved example from the 3rd century BCE containing sculptures of Buddha. Ashoka used edicts and pillars displaying the Wheel of Law to spread Buddhism across his empire.
Bhutan is a small Buddhist kingdom located in the Himalayas between India and China. It has a unique culture and tradition deeply influenced by Buddhism. The terrain ranges from 300 meters in the south to over 7,000 meters in the north. While most of the population is ethnically Bhutanese, in recent decades many Hindus from Nepal have immigrated to the southern regions. Bhutan retains much of its natural beauty with forests, mountains, and historic Buddhist sites like dzongs (fortresses), monasteries, and the Paro Taksang ("Tiger's Nest") monastery built on a cliff. Tourism focuses on experiencing Bhutanese culture through visiting museums, monasteries, and participating in traditional dances. Trekking also provides
The document discusses the origins and key features of Buddhist architecture in India. It begins with the emergence of Buddhist architecture in India in the 3rd century BCE, with structures like monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and prayer halls (chaityas). Some of the most prominent examples include the Great Stupa at Sanchi, with its elaborate gateways, and the cave complexes at Ajanta and Ellora. The major features of Buddhist architecture discussed include stupas, pillars (stambhas), cave prayer halls (chaityas), and monasteries (viharas).
Buddhism originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. The two main branches are Theravada and Mahayana. Theravada is prominent in Southeast Asia while Mahayana is found in East Asia. Early Buddhist architecture included stupas to house relics and mark important sites. The Great Stupa at Sanchi, built in the 3rd century BC, exemplifies the architectural elements of stupas including a hemispherical dome, circular terraces, and carved gateways. Monasteries like Takht-i-Bahai featured courtyards, stupas, chapels, and residential quarters for monks. Chaitya halls provided worship spaces
This document discusses architecture and town planning in ancient China. It provides an overview of the historical eras and dynasties of ancient China, including the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. It then describes some key architectural features and structures from these periods, such as wooden houses, walled cities, temples, and fortifications. Finally, it briefly mentions some famous ancient Chinese structures like the Great Wall of China and Forbidden City.
Bishnupur, located in Bankura, West Bengal, was once the capital of the Malla kings from the 17th-18th centuries. It is known for its unique terracotta Hindu temples built during the Malla dynasty, decorated with terracotta tiles depicting religious and mythological scenes. The earliest and most distinctive temple is the Ras Mancha built in 1587-1600 with a stepped pyramid roof and curved Bengal hut roof around its base. Bishnupur is also known for its terracotta pottery, sculptures, and baluchari sarees woven with scenes from the Mahabharata on their borders. Major festivals celebrated in Bishnupur include the
Kasthamandap was a three-storied public shelter that included a shrine consecrated to Gorakshanath situated at Maru, Kathmandu, Nepal. Several myths and stories about the date of the construction of the Kasthamandap Temple have been resolved with the recent archeological findings. The newly discovered objects during the excavation here in the aftermath of the 2015 earthquake have suggested that the Kasthamandap may have been built in the 7th century during the Lichhavi era.
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaitya halls, also called chaitya grihas)
Slideshow is a companion to Gardner's Art Through the Ages (Global) textbook. Prepared for ART 102 at Montgomery County Community College. Jean Thobaben - Adjunct Instructor
This document provides an itinerary for a tourism trip to Bangkok, Thailand. It outlines preparations for travel and accommodations. Specific sites to visit include Wat Traimit temple to see the Golden Buddha, Wat Phra Kaew temple housing the Emerald Buddha, Wat Pho temple known for traditional Thai massage, Wat Arun temple featuring its central prang pagoda, Vimanmek Mansion and Suan Pakkad Palace for architecture and artifacts. Entertainment includes an elephant show and crocodile wrestling at Sampras Crocodile Farm, and shopping at Chatuchak Market for souvenirs. Recreational activities with friends are also mentioned.
Borobudur Temple is a 9th century Mahayana Buddhist temple located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. It was built during the Syailendra dynasty and took around 75 years to complete. The temple is composed of six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with over 500 Buddha statues and 2,672 relief panels telling Buddhist stories. It was abandoned around the 16th century and rediscovered by the British in the early 19th century. Major restoration work was conducted by the Indonesian government in the late 1960s to return Borobudur to its original glory.
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
My ritual will not only stop separation and divorce, but rebuild a strong bond between you and your partner that is based on truth, honesty, and unconditional love. For an even stronger effect, you may want to consider using the Eternal Love Bond spell to ensure your relationship and love will last through all tests of time. If you have not yet determined if your partner is considering separation or divorce, but are aware of rifts in the relationship, try the Love Spells to remove problems in a relationship or marriage. Keep in mind that all my love spells are 100% customized and that you'll only need 1 spell to address all problems/wishes.
Save your marriage from divorce & make your relationship stronger using anti divorce spells to make him or her fall back in love with you. End your marriage if you are no longer in love with your husband or wife. Permanently end your marriage using divorce spells that work fast. Protect your marriage from divorce using love spells to boost commitment, love & bind your hearts together for a stronger marriage that will last. Get your ex lover who has remarried using divorce spells to break up a couple & make your ex lost lover come back to you permanently.
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The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...Phoenix O
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
3. • Tibet sits on the highest plateau in the world, at an average of 12,000 -
14,000 feet.
• Tibet’s high plains, forests and mountains form a unique ecosystem on the
planet and are home to an array of rare wildlife, including the snow
leopard, blue sheep and Tibetan wild ass.
6. • Situated in the Himalayas
Five of Asia’s great
rivers including:
• Indus
• Mekong
• Brahmaputra
7. Mount Kailash - third and sacred mountain pilgrimage site of Hindu and Bonpo
as well as Tibetan
8. PERMAFROST - permanently
frozen soil, sediment, or
rock, solely based on
temperature, not moisture or
ground cover. The ground must
remain at or below 0°C for at least
two years.
9. Stylistic Sources of Art and Architecture
1. INDIAN Art : 11th - 14th
2. NEPALESE Art : 14th -16th
3. CHINESE Ming schools - 15th onwards
10. Buddhism - introduced in
towards the end of the 8th c
when King Trisong
Detsen, invited two Buddhist
masters from India.
Tibetan Buddhism combined
the original, or Mahayanist
practices with
yoga, tantra, shamanic
rituals and elements of an
older Tibetan religion known
as Bon.
11. Annual Buddhism dancing festival at the Labrang Temple in Xiahe County, northwest China's
Gansu Province, Feb. 8, 2009.
Monks of the Labrang Temple belonging to the Tibetan Buddhism's Geru Sect perform
religionary dance on Sunday to pray for peace and happiness.
12.
13. Prayer flags - Lung-ta, or "Windhorse“ - horse which is both the subduer
of evil & the vehicle of enlightenment.
One roll of 25 flags strung together showing five traditional
designs, each five times. The five colors have many meanings in
Tibetan Buddhism - five directions, the five physical elements, the
five wisdoms, the five meditation Buddhas, the five mental
attributes, or the five realms of existence with blue sky, white
cloud, red fire, green water, and yellow earth.
14. Prayer Flags at Namtso,
5,190 meter high Lakenla
Pass on the way to Namtso
Lake.
http://phyang.org/photo/tibet.htm
Prayer flags are also hoisted on special occasions such as the
marriage, new business, new year, childbirth and before opening most
important work as it , bring good luck and prosperity.
Found strung along
mountain ridge and
peaks, to sanctify the
surrounding geography.
17. The Buddha Śākyamuni (Wangdrak) with structural grid (tigse)
(Jackson, David & Janice. 1984. Tibetan thangka painting: methods and materials. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, NY)
18. Great Stupa at Sanchi, India
Dagoba or stupa from Sri Lanka
• Dome is smaller and the spire is
more prominent .
Chorten or Tibetan stupa
19. 1. Square foundation - symbolizing
the earth
2. Dome - symbolizing water
3. 13 tapering steps of
enlightenment - symbolizing the
element of fire.
• Steps lead to a stylized
parasol - the symbol of
wind, which is topped in the
ethereal sphere by the well-
known ‘twin-symbol’
uniting sun and
moon, which is the
shimmering crown of the
Chorten.”
Chorten (Tibetan) or Stupa (Hindi)
Courtesy buddhanet.net
20. Eight different kind stupas, all referring to major events in
Buddha Shakyamuni’s life.
21. 1. ORGANIC DESIGN to compliment
the natural surroundings.
2. Use of natural materials - stone,
clay, and wood.
3. Ranging from one to three stories
in height.
4. ROOFING
• Flat roofs with parapets – in
central and western Tibetan
plateau with seldom rain.
• Sloping roofs covered either
in slate, shingles, or ceramic
tile.
BUILDING CHARACTER
22. 5. Symmetrical in lay-out and façade design.
6. WALLS
• Use of stone or rammed earth may be up to a meter thick at the
base.
• Temples and manor houses - slightly trapezoidal form, heavy at
the bottom (stone foundations) and light at the top, generally with
battered walls
BUILDING CHARACTER
sloping inward to create
an illusion of height.
23. 7. Windows are usually small because the
walls are so heavy that large openings
would make the structure weak and
unstable.
• paper-covered wooden latticework
then but was replaced by glass.
BUILDING CHARACTER
24. 4. Detailed code for the
decoration of doors, windows
and parapets (including
5. Painted black frames around
doors and windows, and
complex wooden overhang
decorations),
6. Intricately carved interior
timber frame following
standardized design
principles
7. Organic design – buildings
appear to grow out of the
landscape
BUILDING CHARACTER
27. 1. Outer White Palace - houses
the administrative quarters,
2. Inner Red Quarters - houses
the assembly hall of the
Lamas, chapels, 10,000 shrines
and a vast library of Buddhist
scriptures.
30. • 1st Buddhist temple in Tibet, located on Barkhor Square in Lhasa.
• Built during the reign of king Songsten Gampo (605?-650 CE) to celebrate
his marriage with Chinese Tang Dynasty princess Wencheng, who was
said to have introduced Buddhism to Tibet.
• The temple was called the Tsulag Khang or ‘House of Wisdom’ but it is
now known as the Jokhang which means the ‘House of the Buddha’.
JOKHANG
MONASTERY
31. Heavenly Jokhang
Talisman guarding the rooftop of Jokhang, the most revered religious icon of Tibet
where hundreds of prostrating pilgrams gathers everyday.
32. One of the many
exqusitely-built chorten
with delicate images in
the Gyantse Kumbum.
34. Sky Burial Site
A pilgrim surveys the sky burial site at the Lower Ganden Kora (pilgrimage
circuit).
http://phyang.org/photo/tibet.htm
35. (Tagong Temple), built in 641AD.
It’s a symbol of the cultural mixture of the nations in China at that time and
is one of the most important temples in Tibet. combines the architecture
style from both Tibet and China. The high golden tower is a symbol of
Tibetan temple while edge of the roof resembles Han Chinese style.
http://linnil.info/blog/?p=218
39. • Called “THE LAND OF PAGODAS” as the
landscape is dominated by pagodas or stupas.
• ZEDI , Pahto, but are also commonly called
Hpaya synonymous with "Buddha“
• Hpongyi Kyaung - monasteries
Shwedagon Pagoda
http://www.myanmar-all.com/Myanmar_Pagoda.html
40. 6 PERIODS OF THE MYANMAR KINGDOM:
1. PYU ---------------------------- 6th c. until 1044
2. BAGAN AND POST BAGAN ---- 1044 – 1347
cultural peak of the kingdom, evident especially by the vast
and magnificent temples.
3. TUNGOO------------------------ 1347 – 1596
4. 2ND/3RD AVA ----------------- 1596 – 1789
5. AMARAPURA ------------------ 1789 – 1853
6. MANDALAY --------------------1853 – 1948
common style associated with Burma, the architecture is
similar to the contemporary Thai Rattanakosin style
BRITISH COLONIAL ---------------- 1885-1948
Referred to as Post Mandalay
41. • Four most important Burmese Buddhist pilgrimage
sites are:
1. Bagan, an ancient capital
2. Kyaiktiyo Pagoda in Mon State
3. Mahamuni Buddha in Mandalay
4. Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon
42.
43.
44.
45.
46. • Central Burma situated on the left bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River and
approximately 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Mandalay.
• Site of an ancient capital city in Mandalay
• Arimaddanapura or Arimaddana (the City of the Enemy Crusher)
• Tambadipa (the Land of Copper) or Tassadessa (the Parched Land)
• Pilgrimage centre and contains ancient Buddhist shrines that have been
restored and redecorated and are in current use.
BAGAN (PAGAN)
50. • Completed in 1091 A.D. by King Kyanzittha and modeled after the legendary
Nandamula cave in the Himalaya mountains.
• 51.0 m., and it received its golden gilding in 1990 in commemoration of the
900th anniversary of its construction.
• Contained within the temple are 4 great statues of the Buddhas.
Ananda Temple
53. Shwezigon Pagoda
• Built as the most important
reliquary shrine in Bagan.
• Begun by King Anawrahta
and completed by King
Kyanzittha in 1089. It
contains several bones and
hairs of the Buddha.
• Pre-Buddhist Nat worship
were combined with
Buddhist themes in the
pagoda’s construction.
:www.sacredsites.com/asia/burma/bagan.htmlNats are pagan anamistic spirits
57. Mrauk U, Myanmar
Two of the largest abandoned cities in the world lie in Myanmar/Burma.
http://www.scaruffi.com/poetry/images/synall.html
58. Mahabodhi Temple
• Smaller version of the famous Bodhi temple in Bodh Gaya, India (where the Buddha
attained enlightenment beneath the Bodhi tree).
• Built during the reign of King Nantaungmya (1210-1234) and is completely covered
with niches containing seated Buddha figures.
60. • Believers claim that the
large boulder was
placed on the cliff 2,500
years ago, by two nats.
• Atop the gilded boulder
is a 5.5 m (18 ft)
pagoda, which is
believed to contain a
hair of the Buddha.
Kyaiktiyo Pagoda
61. • Buddha is housed under a
pagoda built in the 1800s.
The Mahamuni
Buddha, Mandalay
62. • The Great Sage, also known
as the Maha Myat Muni
Paya, Rakhine
Paya, Payagyi, is a major
Buddhist pilgrimage site.
• Buddha statue was brought
from Rakhine State in 1784 by
King Bodawpaya as spoils of
war.
• 4.0 m. high, and the statue is
made of bronze, weighing 6.5
tons.
The Mahamuni
Buddha, Mandalay
63. • Gold leaf is regularly
applied to the face of
the Mahamuni
Buddha, and monks
wash the face and teeth
of the image each
morning.
The Mahamuni Buddha
66. • Shwedagon Pagoda (Main
Stupa) - located at the center.
• Octagonal base with eight
smaller stupas on each of its
eight sides, making a total of
sixty-four.
• Around the Main Stupa - Many
pavilions (tazaungs), resting
places (zayats), statues,
temples, shrines and smaller
pagodas.
• Manokthihas (sphinxes),
surrounded by a number of
Manokthihas are found, one at
each corner of the platform.
67. • Sits on Singuttara Hill and
dominates the skyline of
Rangoon, Burma.
• 98.0 m. (320-360 ft.) high
solid gold plated pagoda,
covered in 60 tons of gold
leaf,
Shwedagon Pagoda
68. • The top of the golden
stupa (hti or umbrella) is
tipped with
o 5,448 diamonds
o 2,317 rubies
o Crowned with a
single diamond
(sein bu) weighing
76 carats.
Shwedagon Pagoda
69. • At each cardinal point of
the compass
• Around the Shwedagon
Pagoda platform are the
eight planetary posts
representing the eight
days of the week
• (Wednesday is divided
into a.m. and p.m.
making it two
days), each with its own
planet and animal
symbol. Beside each
planetary post is a
gilded Buddha figure
made of alabaster.
Eight-Day Symbolism
Direction Day Planet Sign
S Wed AM Mercury
tusked
elephant
SW Sat Saturn naga
W Thu Jupiter rat
NW Wed PM
Yahu tuskless
elephant
N Fri Venus
guinea
pig or
mole
NE Sun Sun garuda
E Mon Moon tiger
SE Tue Mars lion
79. The monastery of Taung Kalat is also
home to the 37 Mahagiri Nats –
spirits of humans who met violent
deaths revered in conjunction with
Buddhism – their statues to be found
at the base of the Shrine.
http://sandysdreamzunlimited.blogspot.com/2009/10/gigantic-lava-plug-budhhist-
monastery.html
80. • Wooden monastery is built on stilts and is located in Inle Lake.
• Built in the 1850s, it is now home to numerous Buddhas as well as cats
that are trained to jump through hoops.
M A Bhanpurwala
Ngaphechaung Monastery
81. • Monastery built of wood, and is one of the oldest wooden buildings in
Mandalay that was spared from damage during the WW II.
• Originally located within the grounds of Mandalay Palace.
Shwenandaw Kyaung
82. • Intricate woodcarvings ornamentation of figures and flowers.
• Walls were once gold plated and adorned with glass mosaic, both inside
and outside.
Shwenandaw Kyaung
87. Mandalay Palace was burned to
the ground during World War 2.
It was rebuild over the last 10
years based on photographs and
British and Burmese records.