Castles were built during the Middle Ages to protect kings and queens from enemies. They were surrounded by moats and located near rivers for defense. Castles had thick stone walls, small windows, and great halls where the lord lived and entertained guests. Towns developed around castles for protection. Society was divided into classes like kings, knights, townspeople including merchants and craftspeople, and peasants. Merchants sold goods in markets and belonged to guilds that regulated their trades.

1. The Middle Ages
By Wout, Daniel, Kimi and Filip

2. Castles
In the middle ages, people built Castles to
protect the kings and queens.
Most castles were surrounded by channels
filled with water called moats.
Castles were build close to rivers for
washing, drinking water, and to fill up the
moats
The castles that didn’t have moats were built
on a steep hill or mountain.
The walls didn’t absorb heat, so the inside of
the castle was cold

3. Castles
The castles were built more for safety, not for
comfort.
A keep was a watch tower for enemies
The peasants built a moat by hand
First, people built wooden castles, but when
enemies started burning down castles, people
started building stone castles
It took years to build a wooden castle
Stone castles were more expensive

4. Castles
Castles were designed to defend
enemies.
Enemies would attack a castle with
Catapults and Flaming Arrows

5. Castles
A drawbridge let people in and out of the
castle
The lady made sure supplies were ordered
and bills were paid
The most important part of the castle was
The Great Hall
In the great Hall, the Lord ate, slept, and
entertained himself
The Great Hall was the only room in the
Castles of the Early Middle Ages

6. Castles
Towns were build around the castle, so if an
enemy was spotted, the people in the towns
would get a warning.
The Keep was the strongest part of the Castle
The castle windows were small, so little fresh
air came in
The castles did not have comfortable
furniture
Food was cooked in big kettles in the
fireplaces
The walls had big rugs on them

7. Castles
The floors were covered with twigs and bits
of wood
Candles and torches were used to light the
walls
Usually, a curtain separated the sleeping area
from the rest of the Great Hall
By the 1100s, the lord, lady, and their
children had a private room called a Solar
The Solar had little furniture

8. Castles
A fireplace in the Solar kept the royal family
warm
Toilets in the Middle Ages were called
Garderobes
The toilet channel emptied out dirt in a pit
underneath the ground
There was no toilet paper, so people used
handfuls of hay, straw, or torn bits of cloth.
Lords and ladies bathed in a wooden bathtub
shaped like a barrel

9. Castles
The tub had a wooden seat padded with cloth
for comfort
During winter, the tub was placed in the
lord’s or lady’s Solar; during Summer, the
bath took place in a garden
Servants poured hot water into the tub that
was heated in the kitchen
By the late 1300s, feudalism ended and
European nobles lost their control, meanwhile
kings got more powerful

10. Castles
Many castles fell into ruin or were
destroyed by war
The rocks from castles were used to
build new homes
Some castles were turned into huge
houses passed from generation to
generation

11. Castles
Around the 1400s, kings and other
wealthy men built homes that looked
like castles
These modern castles didn't have any
furniture at all
These castles didn’t have defensive
walls, instead they were surrounded by
fountains and gardens

12. Kings and Queens By Wout
 It was the king’s duty to create laws for his
people
 The king had to defend his people from outside
enemies’ kingdoms
 A king was crowned in an extravagant ceremony
called a coronation
 Kings ruled over large territories called kingdoms
 The pope placed the crown on the king’s head
 Queens came from very powerful families and
were daughters of other kings or great lords
 Queens offered their husbands advice on how to
rule the kingdom

13. Knights
Knights protected lords, queens, and
vassals.
Knights wore chainmail for armor.
Chainmail was little round iron circles.
Knights’ weapons were spears and
swords. The newer weapons were
called crossbows and longbows.
Knights were brave and strong.
Knights wore stronger and better armor.

14. Townspeople
By Wout

15. Townspeople
 By the 1100s, new inventions, such as
better plows, made it easier to farm
 Peasants grew more crops than they
needed to feed their families and to pay
their lord
 They began to hold weekly or monthly
markets at crossroads to trade their
products for goods from other manors

16. Townspeople2
I. Boys in the middle ages started to learn
a craft or trade when they were about
seven years old
II. They worked as apprentices, or unpaid
assistants, to masters, who were
experts at the craft or trade

17. Townspeople3
 In the late middle ages, some cities had
indoor markets where merchants sold
goods of all kinds
 Craftspeople and merchants who made or
sold the same kinds of goods belonged
to organizations called guilds
 Guilds decided how much their members
could charge for their goods

18. Townspeople4
 In Medieval towns, people were mostly
of two classes
 They were either laborers who were
technically serfs, but did not live on
manorial estates, or they were
members of the middle class

19. Merchants
BY DANIEL.D
I. Merchants were people who sold stuff
II. They sold food, weapons and other stuff
III. Merchants were poor and they had to work a lot
IV. Merchants were weavers, goldsmiths, and food and beverage
sellers
V. These people owned shops and earned money by selling
goods, not by fighting or farming
VI. Boys in the Middle Ages learned a craft or trade when they
were 7 years old
VII. Guilds decided how much the product would cost, and made
sure the products were of high quality

20. Merchants 2
By Daniel.D
Merchants were still ruled by the lord
They couldn’t do whatever they wanted to do
Merchants weren't free and they weren't that lucky
They could be killed if the lord told his vassal or
his knights to kill the merchants

21. THIS IS THE END OF THE
PRESENTATION !!!!
Hope you loved it! Thank you
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