This document summarizes a study on the thermodynamic simulation of a year-round air conditioning system with a variable rotational speed desiccant wheel. The system includes components like a desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils, and cooling coils to provide cooling and humidity control for different weather conditions. Equations are presented for analyzing parameters like the outlet temperature and efficiency of the desiccant wheel, saturation efficiency and cooling pad volume of the evaporative cooler, and supply air conditions. Simulation results show that the outlet temperature of the desiccant wheel increases with rotational speed from 52.96°C to 63.28°C, while the efficiency increases and saturation efficiency of the evaporative cooler decreases. The cooling pad volume
THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF YEAR ROUND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE R...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in comparison to existing one to use through of the year. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the out let condition will be fix ed 25 °C dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity. In the present paper, for maintaining room condition thermodynamic simulation is being done. For simulation we used excels solver software. If atmospheric condition like relative humidity of air is changed, the year round air conditioning equipments change own parameters such as volume of cellulose cooling pad of evaporating cooler, temperature of cooling coil in hot and dry as well as hot and wet weather conditions, temperature of preheat and reheat coil in cold and dry weather to maintain the room condition.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF YEAR ROUND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE WET...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in comparison to existing one to use through of the year. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the room condition will be fixed 25℃ dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity.
Comparative Study of Transient Conditions for Continuous Operation and Interm...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to compare the transient conditions of an Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger (EATHE) system operated continuously versus intermittently in winter. Simulations were conducted for a 60m long pipe buried at 3.7m depth using three soil thermal conductivities. Results show intermittent operation provides a greater rise in air temperature compared to continuous operation, with more significant improvements seen for soil with lower thermal conductivity.
Personal air-conditioning system using evapolar as heat waste managementjournalBEEI
Air-conditioning system that uses compressor-based initiate more energy and affects bill rate. As a result, an application of the Peltier impact module, a portable air-conditioning system is introduced to compensate user convenience by lowering sensible and latent heat inside the office area. Thermoelectric Peltier module is a thermoelectric semiconductor that offers cooling and hot plate once the plate is supplied by electric. The result reduces the cost, power consumption, and give thermal comfort in a dedicated space. The advantage of the study is the ability to cost deduction due to low power consumption and green technology devices factor because without refrigerant that harms the environment. Redesign the product with Evapolar as heat waste management affect the performance and need to be validated. The development stage of this product is better compared to a previous product which offers small scale, light, and portable. This product focuses on the office room, which gives a good feeling to users. This product uses air to remove the heat waste and the result indicates Evapolar is fit enough in dissipating heat. Finally, the performance of this system developed demonstrated that it can attain thermal comfort level.
Performance evaluation of a air conditioner according to different test stand...IAEME Publication
The document discusses performance testing of air conditioners according to different standards. It describes the experimental setup of an air conditioner test room built according to ASHRAE standards, which consists of indoor and outdoor insulated rooms that maintain specified temperature and humidity conditions. The document outlines the cooling capacity test procedure, which involves recording data over several hours to determine airflow and enthalpy values needed to calculate the air conditioner's cooling capacity in kW and tons of refrigeration according to specified formulas.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis and Management for an Autonomous Underwater VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis and management for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). It begins by introducing AUVs and the heat generated by their electrical, electronic, mechanical and mechatronic systems operating inside the enclosed pressure hull. It then estimates the heat loads on the AUV through theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis to understand temperature variation over time. Various thermal management techniques are discussed, including active cooling with fans/liquid and passive cooling with heat sinks, heat pipes and phase change materials (PCMs). PCM-based thermal management is proposed to absorb heat during phase changes and prevent battery temperature from rising too fast inside the enclosed hull.
Study & Review of Heat Recovery Systems for SO2 Gas Generation Process in Sug...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on heat recovery systems for the SO2 gas generation process in the sugar industry. It begins with an introduction to waste heat recovery and its importance. It then reviews various methods for recovering waste heat. The document discusses factors that affect waste heat recovery systems like heat quantity and quality. It reviews several past studies on waste heat recovery in different industries. It proposes studying heat recovery from the SO2 gas generation process in sugar production to make the process more efficient. The conclusion emphasizes the need for waste heat recovery techniques in industries to conserve energy.
THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF YEAR ROUND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE R...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in comparison to existing one to use through of the year. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the out let condition will be fix ed 25 °C dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity. In the present paper, for maintaining room condition thermodynamic simulation is being done. For simulation we used excels solver software. If atmospheric condition like relative humidity of air is changed, the year round air conditioning equipments change own parameters such as volume of cellulose cooling pad of evaporating cooler, temperature of cooling coil in hot and dry as well as hot and wet weather conditions, temperature of preheat and reheat coil in cold and dry weather to maintain the room condition.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF YEAR ROUND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE WET...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in comparison to existing one to use through of the year. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the room condition will be fixed 25℃ dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity.
Comparative Study of Transient Conditions for Continuous Operation and Interm...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to compare the transient conditions of an Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger (EATHE) system operated continuously versus intermittently in winter. Simulations were conducted for a 60m long pipe buried at 3.7m depth using three soil thermal conductivities. Results show intermittent operation provides a greater rise in air temperature compared to continuous operation, with more significant improvements seen for soil with lower thermal conductivity.
Personal air-conditioning system using evapolar as heat waste managementjournalBEEI
Air-conditioning system that uses compressor-based initiate more energy and affects bill rate. As a result, an application of the Peltier impact module, a portable air-conditioning system is introduced to compensate user convenience by lowering sensible and latent heat inside the office area. Thermoelectric Peltier module is a thermoelectric semiconductor that offers cooling and hot plate once the plate is supplied by electric. The result reduces the cost, power consumption, and give thermal comfort in a dedicated space. The advantage of the study is the ability to cost deduction due to low power consumption and green technology devices factor because without refrigerant that harms the environment. Redesign the product with Evapolar as heat waste management affect the performance and need to be validated. The development stage of this product is better compared to a previous product which offers small scale, light, and portable. This product focuses on the office room, which gives a good feeling to users. This product uses air to remove the heat waste and the result indicates Evapolar is fit enough in dissipating heat. Finally, the performance of this system developed demonstrated that it can attain thermal comfort level.
Performance evaluation of a air conditioner according to different test stand...IAEME Publication
The document discusses performance testing of air conditioners according to different standards. It describes the experimental setup of an air conditioner test room built according to ASHRAE standards, which consists of indoor and outdoor insulated rooms that maintain specified temperature and humidity conditions. The document outlines the cooling capacity test procedure, which involves recording data over several hours to determine airflow and enthalpy values needed to calculate the air conditioner's cooling capacity in kW and tons of refrigeration according to specified formulas.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis and Management for an Autonomous Underwater VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis and management for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). It begins by introducing AUVs and the heat generated by their electrical, electronic, mechanical and mechatronic systems operating inside the enclosed pressure hull. It then estimates the heat loads on the AUV through theoretical, numerical and experimental analysis to understand temperature variation over time. Various thermal management techniques are discussed, including active cooling with fans/liquid and passive cooling with heat sinks, heat pipes and phase change materials (PCMs). PCM-based thermal management is proposed to absorb heat during phase changes and prevent battery temperature from rising too fast inside the enclosed hull.
Study & Review of Heat Recovery Systems for SO2 Gas Generation Process in Sug...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on heat recovery systems for the SO2 gas generation process in the sugar industry. It begins with an introduction to waste heat recovery and its importance. It then reviews various methods for recovering waste heat. The document discusses factors that affect waste heat recovery systems like heat quantity and quality. It reviews several past studies on waste heat recovery in different industries. It proposes studying heat recovery from the SO2 gas generation process in sugar production to make the process more efficient. The conclusion emphasizes the need for waste heat recovery techniques in industries to conserve energy.
Experimental Investigation of Finned Tube Heat ExchangerAM Publications
As far today's demand is to manufacture a compact car so there is an urgent need to design an effective
heat exchanger. In this paper the effect of finned heat exchanger over a without finned heat exchanger on overall
heat transfer coefficient is studied. The overall heat transfer coefficient is studied for both heat exchanger with air
velocity 3m/s, 4m/s, 5m/s and 6m/s and coolant flow 180 Lit/hr, 260 Lit/hr , 340 Lit/hr, 420 Lit/hr ad 500 Lit/hr.
Finned-tube heat exchangers are common and vital components in many energy systems Fin-and-tube heat
exchangers are widely used in several domains such as heating, ventilating, refrigeration and air conditioning systems
The fin performance is commonly expressed in terms of heat transfer coefficient and fin effectiveness, which is
defined as the ratio of the heat transfer rate with fin to the heat transfer rate in without fin heat exchanger. This case
is the one providing the maximum heat transfer rate because this corresponds to the maximum driving potential
(temperature difference) for convection heat transfer. The research work summarized in this presents a combined
analytical, experimental and numerical investigation of Overall heat transfer coefficient of coolant as water by use of
circular finned tube heat exchanger and without fin tube exchanger with force convection. The heat transfer and
pressure drop results for the pin fin heat exchanger were compared with the results for a smooth-pipe heat exchanger.
The experimental system is quite similar to cars' cooling system. The compares the heat transfer coefficient, pressure
drop, overall heat transfer coefficient with the finned tube heat exchanger and without finned tube heat exchanger.
From the experiment Finned-tube heat exchanger gives the overall heat transfer coefficient 14.07W/m2K.
Conjugate Heat transfer Analysis of helical fins with airfoil cross-section a...IJERA Editor
Air Cooled Engines have been used in a variety of applications, ranging from airplanes to motorbikes and even stationary or portable engines. Since modern automobiles and airplanes use engines delivering more power, they have to be cooled more efficiently due to which a more complex water cooling system is used for cooling engines with large displacements. Hence air cooling is becoming a thing of the past, especially in the aviation sector due to the advent of more efficient gas turbine engines. However air cooled internal combustion engines are still being used in a wide variety of two-wheelers ranging from small single cylinder engines to heavy duty liter class V-twins and Inline fours, due to the non-practicalities associated with the installment of a bulky water cooling system in two-wheelers. So one can ascertain that there is a scope for improving the efficiency of air cooled engines even further. The objective of this paper is to analyze currently existing fin design employed in most of the air cooled engines and improve it by changing the cross-section to a streamlined one and also making the fins in a helical orientation as opposed to the regular circular fins employed. Our analysis comprises of a computational fluid dynamics study of both the fin models with identical dimensions and simulated in the same environment using ANSYS FLUENT 15 software and we attempt to compare their performance using the temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution plots obtained.
This document summarizes a computational study on using finned heat pipes to cool photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model heat transfer from a solar panel through a heat pipe with attached fins. The CFD analysis shows that attaching fins to a heat pipe can reduce the temperature of a solar panel by up to 20°C compared to no cooling. This temperature reduction can increase the panel's efficiency and power output. The study aims to develop a passive cooling system for PV panels using a low-cost finned heat pipe design.
Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobileijtsrd
Air conditioning has great importance in many areas of life. Especially it is crucial in transportation sector. Many people spend long time in an automotive cabin during business, travel, shopping, etc., every day. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of a bus shell by considering identifying practical solutions in order to reduce the impact of air conditioning on bus, consumption and, therefore, on air pollution. The analysis is carried considering several parameters, including passenger capacity, local climatic conditions, fuel consumptions, and latitude and longitude of starting destination of the places. For the analysis, a bus with passenger capacity of 60 people is selected and then its heat load capacity will be determined by considering different conditions like seasons and various loads. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system to be analyzed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor will be analyzed. The entire model, its analysis and results are discussed in the below work. Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy | P. Akhil | N. Raju | K. Vishnu | N. Ashok ""Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobile"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23357.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23357/analysis-of-air-conditioning-system-used-in-automobile/dr-s-sreenatha-reddy
This document discusses an experimental study that analyzed the energy requirements for making khoa (a traditional Indian milk product) in aluminum and stainless steel pots under closed conditions. Various experiments were conducted with milk samples heated at heat inputs ranging from 240 to 360 watts. The average energy used to evaporate 1 gram of water was found to be 6.858 kJ for aluminum pots and 8.287 kJ for stainless steel pots. The total energy consumption and processing time decreased with increasing heat input for both pot types. The findings can help reduce energy usage for khoa production in rural India.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET - Performance Evaluation and Parametric Study of Basic and Reheated Coo...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation and parametric study of basic and reheated cooled gas turbine cycles using exergy analysis. It presents schematic diagrams of the basic and reheated gas turbine cycles with air film blade cooling. Governing equations for modeling the cycle components are provided. Results from a MATLAB simulation show that for both cycles, coolant mass flow rate increases with increasing turbine inlet temperature and compressor pressure ratio. Exergy efficiency decreases with increasing turbine inlet temperature but increases with increasing pressure ratio. The basic cooled gas turbine cycle has higher exergy efficiency than the reheated cycle when the turbine inlet temperature is 1800K and pressure ratio is 30.
This document summarizes the results of a thermal analysis of a gas turbine power plant to improve performance efficiency. The analysis considers three gas turbine cycles: simple cycle, intercooled cycle, and regenerative cycle. For the intercooled cycle, the analysis found that thermal efficiency increases with higher intercooler effectiveness and decreases with higher ambient temperature. Compressor work also decreases with higher intercooler effectiveness. For the regenerative cycle, thermal efficiency decreases with higher ambient temperature and lower regenerator effectiveness. The regenerative cycle has higher thermal efficiency than the simple cycle under the same operating conditions. The analysis provides equations to calculate key performance parameters for optimizing efficiency.
Thermal Study of Fins In Light Weighted Automobile VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the thermal study and design of fins on an automobile engine cylinder to maximize cooling. It begins by explaining that internal combustion engines are typically only around 50% efficient, with the remaining energy lost as heat. Fins are extended surfaces attached to the engine that increase surface area and facilitate convection to transfer this waste heat to the environment. The document then analyzes different fin designs and materials, provides empirical specifications for a Honda motorcycle engine studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, derives the governing fin heat transfer equation, and discusses mechanisms of convective heat transfer. It concludes that optimizing fin design can maximize engine cooling and efficiency based on parameters like heat transfer coefficients and material properties.
IRJET- Review on An Innovative Approach to Study the Thermal Performance of M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermal performance analysis of a muffler heat shield for the Hero Xtreme 200R motorcycle. It discusses how heat shields protect components from high exhaust temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation. The authors conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS to optimize the design of the muffler heat shield. Their results showed the optimized design could reduce pressure drop in the exhaust system by up to 13% through minor design changes to the perforated pipe. The document also provides background on heat shield applications in automotive exhaust systems and prior studies analyzing thermal behavior and heat transfer in exhaust components.
IRJET-Performance Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Different Absorber Materi...IRJET Journal
1) The document compares the performance of two types of solar air heaters - one with a toughened glass absorber plate and the other with a GI (galvanized iron) absorber plate.
2) Experimental results showed that the efficiency of the solar air heater with the toughened glass plate was higher than the one with the GI plate. The air temperature achieved was also higher with the toughened glass plate.
3) Efficiency increased with higher air velocities for both types of heaters but the toughened glass plate design performed better overall according to the analysis.
Effect of artificial roughness on heat transfer and friction factor charIAEME Publication
1) The study examines the effect of adding transverse ribs to the absorber plate of a double pass solar air heater on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics.
2) Maximum heat transfer and friction factor occurred at a relative roughness pitch of 10, with heat transfer enhanced 1.6 times over a smooth plate.
3) Artificial roughness is used to increase turbulence and break the laminar sub-layer on the absorber plate, improving heat transfer and thermal efficiency.
Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in ...YogeshIJTSRD
The current presents looks at exhaust gases potential to recover low grade waste heat energy from internal combustion engines ICEs . A Prolonged Fin Counter Flow Heat Exchange PFCHE double tube was planned, analyzed, and supplied with water as working fluids to achieve this objective. The structure of a double pipe, Protracted Fin Heat Exchanger PFCHE , which performs a simulation study, is derived with exact measurements from one by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 research scholar, and then different shapes of the fin profiles were introduced in the designs suggested. The Fluent 17.0 is used for numerical analysis. The CFD results showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin, and previous studies by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin. When compared to the PFCHE with circular fin, the PFCHE net heat transfer rate is 1.76 percent higher and 2.82 percent higher than Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 report. Prof. Ranjeet Arya | Rahul Ade "Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in Diesel Engine Exhaust using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39939.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/39939/thermal-characteristics-of-different-shaped-fin-protracted-heat-exchanger-in-diesel-engine-exhaust-using-cfd/prof-ranjeet-arya
ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER...IAEME Publication
Shell and tube Heat exchanger (STHE) is one of the most common and widely used energy transporter suited for domestic usages as well as industrial applications. In this paper, we consider shell and tube heat exchanger as a device with known input and output parameters. This work utilizes imperative design constraints like tube configuration, fluids, surface and temperature (constant magnitude) as input parameters and energetic cycle efficiency considered as desired output parameter depicting performance of the device. The model was trained and tested by proposed Genetic algorithm (GA) technique. This entire computational procedure is implemented in MATLAB platform.
Thermal analysis of cooling effect on gas turbine bladeeSAT Journals
This document analyzes the film cooling technique used to cool gas turbine blades where temperatures exceed 1122 K. It finds that the thermal efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is slightly lower than an uncooled one due to the decreased turbine inlet temperature from cooling. However, cooling is necessary to increase blade life as temperatures rise above 1123K. The document also examines how increasing the overall pressure ratio further decreases the net power output of cooled gas turbines.
Form jurnal international 5814 24797-1-pbSttind Padang
This document summarizes an economic analysis of a hybrid power generation system combining biomass gasification, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and a gas turbine with a total capacity of 1.7 MW. The authors conduct a cost analysis of the various components including the SOFC system, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and auxiliary elements. They then evaluate the economic performance of the system based on energy prices in Europe, the US, and Iran to determine the most economically justifiable location. The results show Europe has the highest internal rate of return of 15.5% and shortest payback period of 6.7 years, making it the most economically viable region for this system based on current prices and economic conditions.
IRJET-Study of Space Cooling System Consisting of Aluminium Ammonia Heat Pipe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on an active space cooling system consisting of an aluminum-ammonia heat pipe and a variable emittance radiator with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) louvers. The system uses a loop heat pipe to transfer heat from an evaporator to a condenser, where a variable emittance radiator rejects heat to space. A fuzzy logic controller adapts the radiator's emittance by adjusting the number of open MEMS louvers. Simulation results show the controller improves thermal control and ensures safe operation of the heat pipe cooling system.
The document discusses heat engines and internal combustion engines. It provides details on:
1) Heat engines partially convert heat energy to other forms of energy and involve a cyclic process using a working substance.
2) Internal combustion engines combust fuel within the engine cylinder. Common applications include vehicles, power generation, and farm equipment.
3) The four main cycles of internal combustion engines are Otto, Diesel, two-stroke, and four-stroke cycles. Parameters like efficiency and power output are defined.
This document provides information on the core competencies, products, facilities, certifications, resources, and research and development of delair PURIFLAIR. It lists various air treatment, compressed air drying, and energy recovery products. It also details the company's manufacturing facilities, CNC and powder coating capabilities, 240+ engineers and technicians, and research focused on simulation and optimization of enthalpy and energy recovery variables.
Max Tech and Beyond Appliance Design Competition Winning PresentationUS Department of Energy
Max Tech and Beyond challenged university teams to design and build energy efficient appliances that go beyond current technology on the market. As part of the competition, teams had to present their results during a webinar on May 23, 2012. The presentation from the winning team -- the University of Maryland -- explains its design for a wall air conditioner with separate systems for cooling and removing moisture from indoor air.
Experimental Investigation of Finned Tube Heat ExchangerAM Publications
As far today's demand is to manufacture a compact car so there is an urgent need to design an effective
heat exchanger. In this paper the effect of finned heat exchanger over a without finned heat exchanger on overall
heat transfer coefficient is studied. The overall heat transfer coefficient is studied for both heat exchanger with air
velocity 3m/s, 4m/s, 5m/s and 6m/s and coolant flow 180 Lit/hr, 260 Lit/hr , 340 Lit/hr, 420 Lit/hr ad 500 Lit/hr.
Finned-tube heat exchangers are common and vital components in many energy systems Fin-and-tube heat
exchangers are widely used in several domains such as heating, ventilating, refrigeration and air conditioning systems
The fin performance is commonly expressed in terms of heat transfer coefficient and fin effectiveness, which is
defined as the ratio of the heat transfer rate with fin to the heat transfer rate in without fin heat exchanger. This case
is the one providing the maximum heat transfer rate because this corresponds to the maximum driving potential
(temperature difference) for convection heat transfer. The research work summarized in this presents a combined
analytical, experimental and numerical investigation of Overall heat transfer coefficient of coolant as water by use of
circular finned tube heat exchanger and without fin tube exchanger with force convection. The heat transfer and
pressure drop results for the pin fin heat exchanger were compared with the results for a smooth-pipe heat exchanger.
The experimental system is quite similar to cars' cooling system. The compares the heat transfer coefficient, pressure
drop, overall heat transfer coefficient with the finned tube heat exchanger and without finned tube heat exchanger.
From the experiment Finned-tube heat exchanger gives the overall heat transfer coefficient 14.07W/m2K.
Conjugate Heat transfer Analysis of helical fins with airfoil cross-section a...IJERA Editor
Air Cooled Engines have been used in a variety of applications, ranging from airplanes to motorbikes and even stationary or portable engines. Since modern automobiles and airplanes use engines delivering more power, they have to be cooled more efficiently due to which a more complex water cooling system is used for cooling engines with large displacements. Hence air cooling is becoming a thing of the past, especially in the aviation sector due to the advent of more efficient gas turbine engines. However air cooled internal combustion engines are still being used in a wide variety of two-wheelers ranging from small single cylinder engines to heavy duty liter class V-twins and Inline fours, due to the non-practicalities associated with the installment of a bulky water cooling system in two-wheelers. So one can ascertain that there is a scope for improving the efficiency of air cooled engines even further. The objective of this paper is to analyze currently existing fin design employed in most of the air cooled engines and improve it by changing the cross-section to a streamlined one and also making the fins in a helical orientation as opposed to the regular circular fins employed. Our analysis comprises of a computational fluid dynamics study of both the fin models with identical dimensions and simulated in the same environment using ANSYS FLUENT 15 software and we attempt to compare their performance using the temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution plots obtained.
This document summarizes a computational study on using finned heat pipes to cool photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model heat transfer from a solar panel through a heat pipe with attached fins. The CFD analysis shows that attaching fins to a heat pipe can reduce the temperature of a solar panel by up to 20°C compared to no cooling. This temperature reduction can increase the panel's efficiency and power output. The study aims to develop a passive cooling system for PV panels using a low-cost finned heat pipe design.
Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobileijtsrd
Air conditioning has great importance in many areas of life. Especially it is crucial in transportation sector. Many people spend long time in an automotive cabin during business, travel, shopping, etc., every day. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of a bus shell by considering identifying practical solutions in order to reduce the impact of air conditioning on bus, consumption and, therefore, on air pollution. The analysis is carried considering several parameters, including passenger capacity, local climatic conditions, fuel consumptions, and latitude and longitude of starting destination of the places. For the analysis, a bus with passenger capacity of 60 people is selected and then its heat load capacity will be determined by considering different conditions like seasons and various loads. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system to be analyzed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor will be analyzed. The entire model, its analysis and results are discussed in the below work. Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy | P. Akhil | N. Raju | K. Vishnu | N. Ashok ""Analysis of Air Conditioning System used in Automobile"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23357.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23357/analysis-of-air-conditioning-system-used-in-automobile/dr-s-sreenatha-reddy
This document discusses an experimental study that analyzed the energy requirements for making khoa (a traditional Indian milk product) in aluminum and stainless steel pots under closed conditions. Various experiments were conducted with milk samples heated at heat inputs ranging from 240 to 360 watts. The average energy used to evaporate 1 gram of water was found to be 6.858 kJ for aluminum pots and 8.287 kJ for stainless steel pots. The total energy consumption and processing time decreased with increasing heat input for both pot types. The findings can help reduce energy usage for khoa production in rural India.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET - Performance Evaluation and Parametric Study of Basic and Reheated Coo...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the performance evaluation and parametric study of basic and reheated cooled gas turbine cycles using exergy analysis. It presents schematic diagrams of the basic and reheated gas turbine cycles with air film blade cooling. Governing equations for modeling the cycle components are provided. Results from a MATLAB simulation show that for both cycles, coolant mass flow rate increases with increasing turbine inlet temperature and compressor pressure ratio. Exergy efficiency decreases with increasing turbine inlet temperature but increases with increasing pressure ratio. The basic cooled gas turbine cycle has higher exergy efficiency than the reheated cycle when the turbine inlet temperature is 1800K and pressure ratio is 30.
This document summarizes the results of a thermal analysis of a gas turbine power plant to improve performance efficiency. The analysis considers three gas turbine cycles: simple cycle, intercooled cycle, and regenerative cycle. For the intercooled cycle, the analysis found that thermal efficiency increases with higher intercooler effectiveness and decreases with higher ambient temperature. Compressor work also decreases with higher intercooler effectiveness. For the regenerative cycle, thermal efficiency decreases with higher ambient temperature and lower regenerator effectiveness. The regenerative cycle has higher thermal efficiency than the simple cycle under the same operating conditions. The analysis provides equations to calculate key performance parameters for optimizing efficiency.
Thermal Study of Fins In Light Weighted Automobile VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document discusses the thermal study and design of fins on an automobile engine cylinder to maximize cooling. It begins by explaining that internal combustion engines are typically only around 50% efficient, with the remaining energy lost as heat. Fins are extended surfaces attached to the engine that increase surface area and facilitate convection to transfer this waste heat to the environment. The document then analyzes different fin designs and materials, provides empirical specifications for a Honda motorcycle engine studied through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, derives the governing fin heat transfer equation, and discusses mechanisms of convective heat transfer. It concludes that optimizing fin design can maximize engine cooling and efficiency based on parameters like heat transfer coefficients and material properties.
IRJET- Review on An Innovative Approach to Study the Thermal Performance of M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermal performance analysis of a muffler heat shield for the Hero Xtreme 200R motorcycle. It discusses how heat shields protect components from high exhaust temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation. The authors conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS to optimize the design of the muffler heat shield. Their results showed the optimized design could reduce pressure drop in the exhaust system by up to 13% through minor design changes to the perforated pipe. The document also provides background on heat shield applications in automotive exhaust systems and prior studies analyzing thermal behavior and heat transfer in exhaust components.
IRJET-Performance Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Different Absorber Materi...IRJET Journal
1) The document compares the performance of two types of solar air heaters - one with a toughened glass absorber plate and the other with a GI (galvanized iron) absorber plate.
2) Experimental results showed that the efficiency of the solar air heater with the toughened glass plate was higher than the one with the GI plate. The air temperature achieved was also higher with the toughened glass plate.
3) Efficiency increased with higher air velocities for both types of heaters but the toughened glass plate design performed better overall according to the analysis.
Effect of artificial roughness on heat transfer and friction factor charIAEME Publication
1) The study examines the effect of adding transverse ribs to the absorber plate of a double pass solar air heater on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics.
2) Maximum heat transfer and friction factor occurred at a relative roughness pitch of 10, with heat transfer enhanced 1.6 times over a smooth plate.
3) Artificial roughness is used to increase turbulence and break the laminar sub-layer on the absorber plate, improving heat transfer and thermal efficiency.
Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in ...YogeshIJTSRD
The current presents looks at exhaust gases potential to recover low grade waste heat energy from internal combustion engines ICEs . A Prolonged Fin Counter Flow Heat Exchange PFCHE double tube was planned, analyzed, and supplied with water as working fluids to achieve this objective. The structure of a double pipe, Protracted Fin Heat Exchanger PFCHE , which performs a simulation study, is derived with exact measurements from one by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 research scholar, and then different shapes of the fin profiles were introduced in the designs suggested. The Fluent 17.0 is used for numerical analysis. The CFD results showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin, and previous studies by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin. When compared to the PFCHE with circular fin, the PFCHE net heat transfer rate is 1.76 percent higher and 2.82 percent higher than Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 report. Prof. Ranjeet Arya | Rahul Ade "Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in Diesel Engine Exhaust using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39939.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/39939/thermal-characteristics-of-different-shaped-fin-protracted-heat-exchanger-in-diesel-engine-exhaust-using-cfd/prof-ranjeet-arya
ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF CYCLE EFFICIENCY FOR SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER...IAEME Publication
Shell and tube Heat exchanger (STHE) is one of the most common and widely used energy transporter suited for domestic usages as well as industrial applications. In this paper, we consider shell and tube heat exchanger as a device with known input and output parameters. This work utilizes imperative design constraints like tube configuration, fluids, surface and temperature (constant magnitude) as input parameters and energetic cycle efficiency considered as desired output parameter depicting performance of the device. The model was trained and tested by proposed Genetic algorithm (GA) technique. This entire computational procedure is implemented in MATLAB platform.
Thermal analysis of cooling effect on gas turbine bladeeSAT Journals
This document analyzes the film cooling technique used to cool gas turbine blades where temperatures exceed 1122 K. It finds that the thermal efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is slightly lower than an uncooled one due to the decreased turbine inlet temperature from cooling. However, cooling is necessary to increase blade life as temperatures rise above 1123K. The document also examines how increasing the overall pressure ratio further decreases the net power output of cooled gas turbines.
Form jurnal international 5814 24797-1-pbSttind Padang
This document summarizes an economic analysis of a hybrid power generation system combining biomass gasification, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and a gas turbine with a total capacity of 1.7 MW. The authors conduct a cost analysis of the various components including the SOFC system, heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and auxiliary elements. They then evaluate the economic performance of the system based on energy prices in Europe, the US, and Iran to determine the most economically justifiable location. The results show Europe has the highest internal rate of return of 15.5% and shortest payback period of 6.7 years, making it the most economically viable region for this system based on current prices and economic conditions.
IRJET-Study of Space Cooling System Consisting of Aluminium Ammonia Heat Pipe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on an active space cooling system consisting of an aluminum-ammonia heat pipe and a variable emittance radiator with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) louvers. The system uses a loop heat pipe to transfer heat from an evaporator to a condenser, where a variable emittance radiator rejects heat to space. A fuzzy logic controller adapts the radiator's emittance by adjusting the number of open MEMS louvers. Simulation results show the controller improves thermal control and ensures safe operation of the heat pipe cooling system.
The document discusses heat engines and internal combustion engines. It provides details on:
1) Heat engines partially convert heat energy to other forms of energy and involve a cyclic process using a working substance.
2) Internal combustion engines combust fuel within the engine cylinder. Common applications include vehicles, power generation, and farm equipment.
3) The four main cycles of internal combustion engines are Otto, Diesel, two-stroke, and four-stroke cycles. Parameters like efficiency and power output are defined.
This document provides information on the core competencies, products, facilities, certifications, resources, and research and development of delair PURIFLAIR. It lists various air treatment, compressed air drying, and energy recovery products. It also details the company's manufacturing facilities, CNC and powder coating capabilities, 240+ engineers and technicians, and research focused on simulation and optimization of enthalpy and energy recovery variables.
Max Tech and Beyond Appliance Design Competition Winning PresentationUS Department of Energy
Max Tech and Beyond challenged university teams to design and build energy efficient appliances that go beyond current technology on the market. As part of the competition, teams had to present their results during a webinar on May 23, 2012. The presentation from the winning team -- the University of Maryland -- explains its design for a wall air conditioner with separate systems for cooling and removing moisture from indoor air.
The document describes the process of using molecular sieves to dehydrate alcohol and produce anhydrous ethanol. It involves passing vaporized 190 proof alcohol through a molecular sieve bed to adsorb water. The beds are regenerated under vacuum to release water. The beds alternate between online dehydration and regeneration modes to continuously produce 200 proof ethanol. The ethanol is then denatured by adding gasoline before storage to render it undrinkable.
HTS Engineering Company Presentation by Evan Millerevmiller5
HTS Engineering - Boston Company Presentation created by Evan Miller. Presentation emphasizes customizability of the HTS product line. HTS Engineering is a Toronto based firm with offices throughout the United States. HTS represents HVAC manufacturers.
Compressed Air Purification Adsorption TechnologyPaulus Hartanto
The document discusses compressed air purification using adsorption technology. It explains that compressed air becomes contaminated with water, dust, and oil during compression. This contamination can cause reduced quality, lower production, and increased costs if left untreated. Adsorption dryers filter and dry the compressed air using desiccant materials like activated alumina or molecular sieves to remove condensate, dust, and oil droplets. Properly treated compressed air is purified and maximizes quality and production while reducing costs.
Enhancement of the processes of desiccant aireSAT Journals
Abstract An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the liquid desiccant system performance during dehumidification and humidification processes using air injection through the liquid desiccant solution (Calcium Chloride). The air flows cross the desiccant solution with different air mass flow rates. The system is studied at different operating condition (air flow rate, temperature, humidity ratio and solution levels). The effectiveness of the proposed system for both dehumidification and humidification processes were evaluated. Also, the cooling effect and mass transfer coefficient was obtained. It is found that the system effectiveness reached 0.75 in the dehumidification process and 0.7 in the humidification process. Mass transfer coefficient depends on the air mass flow rate and the desiccant solution level in the tank Economical Results of the presented system is estimated Keywords : Air humidification , Air dehumdificaion, Liquid Desiccant
Nordic Dry Desiccants is a company headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia that was founded by Mikael Thorden. It manufactures desiccants in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and has a global presence in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The document discusses Nordic Dry's calcium chloride desiccant product, which is used to protect agricultural, metal, wood, and electrical goods. It also details the product's certifications, absorption capacity, and proven results in reducing wet damage claims for cocoa shipments.
Silica gel desiccant presentaion, desiccant adsorbentScott Zhong
Silica gel desiccant is a highly active adsorption material.It is usually made of reacting with sodium silicate an sulfuric acid, aging as well as acid bubble.
It is insoluble in water and any solvents.Non-poisonous and tasteless, chemical stability.
It won't react with any material except alkli and hydrofluoric acid.
Standard white silica gel is referred to as being non-indicating. As absorbs moisture it remains physically unchanged. Non-indicating silica gel is both cheap and effective, available loose in bulk packs or packed in sachets.
1. It will adsorb up to 34%of its own weight in water vapour. This adsorption efficiency is approximately 30 greater than typical desiccant clays, making silica gel the preferred choice where weight or efficiency are important factors.
2. It has an almost indefinite shelf life if stored in airtight conditions.
3. It can be regenerated and reused if required. Gently heating silica gel will drive off the adsorbed moisture and leave it ready for reuse.
4. It is a very inert material, it will not normally attack or corrode other materials and with the exception of
strong alkalis and hydrofluoric acid is itself resistant to attack.
5. It is non-flammable.
6. It is most frequently and conveniently used packed in a breathable sachet or bag. These are available in a wide range of sizes suitable for use with a wide range of applications.
Shoes,garment,furniture,Military Use,Container,Electronic products,leather-wear,art ware,gift box, Jewel box,tea leaf box etc.
Sorbead India was established in 1996 and manufactures desiccants such as activated alumina, molecular sieves, and silica gel for applications in industries like agriculture, chemicals, water filtration, shipping, and more. They offer products including molecular sieves, desiccants, chromatography adsorbents, and packaging items from their manufacturing facility in Vadodara, India. Sorbead India aims to be a comprehensive supplier of desiccant and packaging solutions with a wide range of certified and high-quality products.
This document describes the process of solid bed gas dehydration. It begins with an introduction to gas dehydration and why it is needed to meet contractual water content specifications. It then covers determining the water content in a gas stream and corrections that must be made. The main part of the document discusses how solid bed dehydration systems work using adsorption onto a desiccant and provides details on the process, design considerations, example calculations, and heat requirements for regeneration. It concludes with a solved example to design a solid bed dehydration unit to treat a specific gas feed.
Development and Performance of Solar based Air WasherIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the development and performance of a solar-powered air washer. It aims to address drawbacks of existing air washers by making it fully solar-powered using a blower, pumps, heating/cooling coils, and reservoir. The system uses water and air to remove dust and particles for cleaning purposes while maintaining the ideal temperature. It is more cost-efficient and compact than traditional air washers. The document reviews several existing studies on related technologies and provides details on the components involved in the solar-powered air washer system, including heating/cooling coils, nozzles, pumps, blowers, reservoirs, filtering plates, and a vapor compression cycle.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Direct Evaporative Cooling using Khus M...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research that used the Taguchi method to optimize the operating parameters of a direct evaporative cooling system that uses Khus (Vetiver) as the cooling pad material. The researchers investigated two parameters - air velocity and water flow rate. They conducted experiments using an L9 orthogonal array with three levels for each parameter. The response analyzed was the relative humidity achieved. Their results found that an air velocity of 1.0 m/s and water flow of 3.32 ×10-5 m3/min provided the optimal humidity of 69.8% for the Khus cooling pad material. The document also reviewed previous literature on experimental and theoretical performance analyses of different evaporative cooling pad materials and configurations.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Winsum ClimatisationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on a new air conditioning system called WINSUM CLIMATISATION. The system aims to provide comfortable indoor air conditioning while using less electricity than traditional air conditioners. It works by using an evaporating unit to cool air through evaporation and a heat exchanger to transfer the cooling effect. Fans are used to force convection over the heat exchanger pipes to deliver cooled, dehumidified air in summer. A heating element can also be switched on to provide warm air in winter. The experimental setup and procedure are described. Results show the system uses less power than air conditioners and provides moisture-less cooled air in summer and warm air in winter, making it a more affordable
A Review on Design and Development of Three in One Air Cooling SystemIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of a proposed three-in-one air cooling system that uses evaporative cooling, desiccant cooling, and a heat and mass exchanger (HMX) to cool air without increasing humidity. The system combines direct and indirect evaporative cooling for higher effectiveness and lower energy consumption compared to vapor compression air conditioning systems. It also uses a desiccant wheel to control humidity. The HMX allows indirect evaporative cooling of a primary air stream through a wet secondary air stream to lower the temperature without increasing moisture content. This innovative three-in-one system could replace vapor compression systems to reduce electrical energy usage and emissions from air conditioning.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design and Optimization of Air Compressor Intake Valve Body Casing using ANSYSIRJET Journal
The document discusses the design optimization of an air compressor intake valve body casing using finite element analysis (FEA). It first provides background on compressed air systems and their components like compressors, intercoolers, and receivers. It then reviews literature on improving compressor efficiency through intercooling and material/design modifications. The methodology section outlines using ANSYS FEA to simulate the intake valve and assess the impact of design variables and metal matrix composite materials on structural performance. Results found the greatest deformation at the valve top and highest stress at the base/cylinder joint. Optimization identified the inner diameter as most affecting equivalent stress and outer diameter most affecting deformation.
IRJET-Numerical Investigation on Performance of VCR System using Shell and Tu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses numerically investigating the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system using different types of heat exchangers. It aims to replace an existing double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) with a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) to improve efficiency. CFD analysis is conducted on both heat exchangers to compare their coefficient of performance (COP). The DPHE currently used has low efficiency, so a STHE is proposed as it has higher efficiency and requires less area. Helical baffles within the STHE may provide further improvements.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE FLOW PACKED BED SOLAR AI...IAEME Publication
Solar air heater is a type of heat exchanger that transforms solar radiation energy into heat energy. Conventional solar air heaters have poor thermal performance due to high heat losses and low convective heat transfer coefficient between absorber and flowing air. Attempts have been made to improve the thermal performance of conventional solar air heater by employing various design and flow arrangements. Double flow solar air heater with packing is an important and effective design improvement that has been proposed to improve the thermal performance. This paper presents the performance and economic analysis of double flow solar air collector with and without packing in the duct. Effect of various parameters on the thermal performance and pressure drop characteristics has been studied experimentally. The study concludes that double flow arrangement with packing is economical and having short payback period. Also, the thermal performance of double flow solar air heater with packing in upper duct is significantly higher compared to double flow solar air heater without packing and conventional solar air heater.
Design and fabrication of portable air coolerIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a portable air cooler. The portable air cooler was created using an insulated polyurethane box integrated with a galvanized iron air passage. Ice is used as the cooling medium through latent heat transfer without direct contact with the airflow. Experimental testing showed the system was able to cool air by up to 11.4°C under ambient temperatures ranging from 34.6°C to 30°C. The cooling performance depends on atmospheric temperature, room temperature, and time. The goal was to develop an affordable and portable alternative cooling technology for use in situations like hostels, homes, and offices.
Performance evaluation of an incorporation of a compact liquid desiccant syst...eSAT Journals
Abstract The primary goal of this paper is to suggest incorporation of a compact liquid desiccant system into an evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system as an alternative proposal to the traditional vapor compression refrigeration system, especially with small loads, as well as to counteract the variation of climates. Current study presents an experimental analysis for building air conditioning system with using a LiCl aqueous solution as a liquid desiccant. Four air flow rate values are used for obtaining variable values of cooling capacity. Thermal and electrical COP is adopted to evaluate the system performance. The proposed system has the ability to improve indoor air quality, energy saving and environmental protection. Keywords: Air conditioning; Liquid desiccant; Evaporative cooling; 100% Outdoor air; Energy saving
Experimental Investigations on Solid Desiccant Cooling Systemijtsrd
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of a solid desiccant cooling system. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of a rotary desiccant wheel under Indian climatic conditions. Experiments were conducted in March and April to analyze the desiccant wheel's adsorption and regeneration rates at different rotation speeds. The optimum speed was found to be 40 rotations per hour. COP was also analyzed over time, ranging from 0.43 to 0.54 for the month of March. In conclusion, the desiccant system showed potential for dehumidification under hot, humid conditions with regeneration requiring lower temperatures than vapor compression systems.
To study the behaviour of nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Nanofluid is an advanced kind of fluid, which contain nanometer sized (10-9 m) solid particles that are known as nanoparticles. Nanoparticles enhance the property of normal fluid. In past five years, nanorefrigerant has become the input for large number of experimental and vapour compression systems because of shortage of energy and environmental considerations. The conventional refrigerants have major role in global warming and depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore, there is need to improve the performance of vapour compression refrigeartion system with the help of using suitable refrigerant. Nearly all the works carried out in relation with nanofluids in vapour compression is regarding their applications in systems like domestic refrigerators and industrial purposes etc. The present paper investigate the performance of the nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle and the challenges of using nanorefrigerants in vapour compression cycle. Keywords: Nanofluids, nanoparticles, nanometer, nanorefrigerants, vapour compression, ecofriendly, domestic refrigerator
IRJET- Impact of Top Cover on Thermal Performance of CPC Solar Air HeaterIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the impact of a top glass cover on the thermal performance of a Cylindrical Parabolic Solar Collector (CPC) air heater. A copper receiver tube coated with black copper is used as the concentrating solar collector. Experiments are conducted with and without a 5mm thick glass top cover on the CPC. Results show that using a top cover can achieve an instantaneous efficiency of 60% for the CPC solar air heater, indicating that a top cover improves the thermal performance. The document provides details on the experimental setup, measurement instruments, operating conditions, and theoretical equations used to analyze the thermal performance of the CPC air heater with and without a top cover.
IRJET- Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Refrigeration Type Desert ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the fabrication and performance analysis of a refrigeration type desert cooler. It discusses the various components of the cooler, including the fan, compressor, PVC pipes, pump, evaporative pads, copper coil, capillary tube, and condenser. The cooler works by using a refrigeration system to cool water in a reservoir, which is then pumped through evaporative cooling pads to further lower the temperature of air passing through the pads. This allows the desert cooler to provide cooler air than a conventional cooler and can be an alternative to air conditioners in dry climates.
THERMAL INVESTIGATION ON OPEN CYCLE DESICCANT COOLING AIR CONDITIONINGIjripublishers Ijri
In hot and humid countries like India, Air-conditioning systems of solid desiccant dehumidification based on direct
evaporative cooling can be an effective alternative to the existing vapor compression refrigeration air conditioning due
to its various advantages in, decreasing latent load of air, environmentally friendly, no pollutants in the process air,
decreeing power utilization and finally the equipment cost is much lower. This project first deeply explains about recent
researches and developments in solid desiccant dehumidification combined with direct evaporative cooling technologies.
A basic description of the principle operation for solid desiccants and different types of desiccant materials is given first.
Next, solid desiccant dehumidification system design and working process is included.
A Survey On Heat Transfer Of Air Cooled Internal Combustion Engine Various Fi...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses heat transfer in air-cooled internal combustion engines. It focuses on improving heat transfer rates through the cooling fins on cylinder blocks.
2) Various fin geometries and materials have been studied through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Triangular, elliptical, and perforated fins have shown improvements over traditional rectangular fins.
3) Key factors that affect heat transfer include fin geometry, number of fins, fin pitch, material properties, ambient conditions, and airflow velocity. Optimizing these parameters can enhance an engine's cooling ability while reducing overall weight.
Performance Enhancement of PV Cooling System – using Modifying Air Conditioni...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on enhancing the performance of photovoltaic (PV) cooling systems using a modified air conditioning sizing approach. The key points are:
1) By using a smaller air conditioner size (e.g. 7 tons vs 10 tons) and higher air speeds, the study found solar fractions could be increased by 20-25% while still maintaining thermal comfort levels.
2) Analyzing annual load curves showed peak cooling loads above 75% capacity occurred over 90% of the time, suggesting air conditioners could be undersized.
3) Using a smaller air conditioner paired with higher ceiling fan speeds allowed indoor temperatures to be up to 3°C higher according to comfort standards
Numerical and experimental study of a solar water heater for enhancement in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Largest commercial application amongst the various solar collectors is the solar flat plate collectors mainly due to its simple design as well as low maintenance cost. Numerical analysis of the solar water heater which involves conduction and convection due to radiation heat transfer using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool has not been the focus of study so far. It is generally understood that sinusoidal flow passage tends to increase turbulence which in turn increases convective heat transfer. The advantage of using straight absorber tube over sinusoidal absorber tube on the thermal behavior of the solar water heater needs to be explored as a design prescription. In the study presented in this paper it is noted from the experimental and numerical analysis that the straight tube configuration has better performance than that of sinusoidal pipe configuration.
Keywords: Sinusoidal tube, Solar water heater, Convective heat transfer, Computational fluid dynamics.
Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System fo...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses the design and performance analysis of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer lab located in Bharatpur, India.
- The peak cooling load of the computer lab is calculated to be 34.94 kW, so a 10TR vapor absorption cooling system is adopted.
- Simulations are carried out using the TRANSOL program to analyze the performance of the solar cooling system using different solar collector types and areas. Parameters like solar fraction, primary energy savings, and electrical COP are evaluated.
- It is concluded that the solar thermal cooling system can achieve good solar fractions between 0.52-0.75 and primary energy savings up to 52% for the considered location and collector areas.
IRJET - Review Paper on Air Conditioning System for Operation Theatre in Hosp...IRJET Journal
This document reviews computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of air conditioning systems for operation theatres in hospitals. It summarizes several research papers on using CFD to model airflow, temperature distribution, and contaminant transport in operating rooms. The review finds that CFD can accurately predict airflow velocity and temperature patterns inside operating rooms when compared to experimental data. Parametric studies using CFD indicate that ceiling inlets and outlets often provide the best airflow and temperature uniformity. Overall, the document concludes that CFD is a useful tool for designing efficient and effective air conditioning systems for hospital operating rooms.
Similar to Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable rotational speed of desiccant wheel (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil with the natural inorganic stabilizer RBI-81. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of RBI-81 on the soil's engineering properties. The tests showed that with 2% RBI-81 and 28 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength increased by around 250% and the CBR value improved by approximately 400% compared to the untreated soil. Overall, the study found that RBI-81 effectively improved the strength properties of the black cotton soil and its suitability as a soil stabilizer was supported.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with a chemical stabilizer. Laboratory tests were conducted on locally available loamy soil treated with a patented polymer liquid stabilizer and compacted at four different energy levels. The study found that increasing the compaction effort increased the density of both untreated and treated soil, but the rate of increase was lower for stabilized soil. Treating the soil with the stabilizer improved its unconfined compressive strength and resilient modulus, and reduced accumulated plastic strain, with these properties further improved by higher compaction efforts. The stabilized soil exhibited strength and performance benefits compared to the untreated soil.
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
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Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable rotational speed of desiccant wheel
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | September-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 280
THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF YEAR ROUND AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR VARIABLE ROTATIONAL SPEED OF
DESICCANT WHEEL
Shankar Kumar1
, S.P.S. Rajput2
, Arvind Kumar3
1,
Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
462051 – India.
2
Professors, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,
462051 – India.
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal, 462051 – India.
Abstract
This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in association to existing one to use through of the year.
The system have generally desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils and cooling coil. Mainly the system imparts all three
regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the out let condition will be fixed 25 dry
bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity. In the present paper, for maintaining room condition thermodynamic
simulation is being done. If rotational speed of desiccant wheel is changed, the year round air conditioning equipments change
own parameter to maintain the room condition .The paper also shows the variation in supply condition of air, volume of cellulose
cooling pad of evaporating cooler, temperature of cooling coil in hot and wet weather conditions with respect to rotational speed
of desiccant wheel (6 to 24rph).The outlet temperature of desiccant wheel increases 52.96 to 63.28°C.The efficiency of desiccant
wheel increases where as saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler decreases. The volume of cooling pad decreases from 547.99
to 439.54 cm3
w.r.t. the rotational speed of desiccant wheel. The DBT and the specific humidity of supply air remain constant
with the change of rotational speed of desiccant wheel.
Key Words: Heating coil, Cooling coil, Desiccant Wheel, Cellulose cooling pad, Supply condition.
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Air conditioning system plays an important role in industry,
infrastructure and domestic use. For different weather
condition different air conditioning systems are used. There
is no such single air conditioning system which gives
constant output (comfort) throughout the whole year .The
existing air conditioning system works better only in the
specified weather condition. While human body requires
comfort throughout the year. The human body can be
considered as thermal machine with 20% thermal efficiency.
The remaining 80% must be disposed off from body to the
surrounding which depends upon temperature and humidity
of surrounding otherwise the accumulation of heat result and
causes discomforts in the form of body pain, heat cramp or
shocks, heat stroke, heat exhaustion.
There are following psychometric process for air
conditioning. (a) Heating and humidification (b) Cooling
and dehumidification (c) Cooling and humidification
Heating and humidification: In this process for
humidification, evaporative cooler is used and heating
purpose heating coil is used.
Cooling and humidification: This process is used generally
in summer air conditioning to cool and humidify the air. In
which air is first partial cool and humidify by evaporating
cooling and after that is cool by sensible cooling from
cooling coil.
Cooling and dehumidification: This process is used in
summer (rainy) season air conditioning to cool and
dehumidify the air. The humidification is done by two
methods. (1)By desiccant wheel and (2) By cool the cooling
coil up to dew point temperature.
The above problem of human body due to exiting air
conditioning system and psychometric process, year round
air conditioning system is required. It have following
components.(1) Fan(2)Desiccant wheel (3)Cooling
pad(4)Cooling coil(5)Heating coil.
Shankar Kumar et al [1] worked on the actual position of
equipment used in year round air conditioning system. They
also studied about the parameters on which the system
depends.
F.Moukalled et al [2] reported, about the use of CFD for
predicting and improving the performance of air
conditioning equipment .They reported a full numerical
model for the concurrent forecast of velocity, temperature
and humidity of air flowing in an air conditioning
unit.Zainab Hasson et al [3] presented an efficient
methodology to design modified evaporative air –cooler for
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | September-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 281
winter air-conditioning in Baghdad city. The performance is
reported in terms of effectiveness of DEC, saturation
efficiency of DEC, outlet temperature of air and cooling
capacity.D.La.et al[4]study, rotary desiccant air conditioning
system ,which combines the technology of desiccant
dehumidification and evaporative cooling. It evaluates the
status of rotary desiccant dehumidification and air
conditioning system in the following two aspects ;( 1)
Improvement of advanced desiccant materials and (2)
Optimization of system arrangement. E.velasco et al [5]
study about actual evaporating cooling method .They
explain that when in an isolated system water and air
supposed to be in contact, if air gains enthalpy then water
loose it, being cooled, while if air looses enthalpy ,water
would be heated .Thus in a process where air and water are
in contact, water will always tend to adiabatic saturation
temperature. Kulkarni and Rajput [6] studied about the
theoretical performance analysis of cooling pads of different
materials for evaporative cooler. The material have been
considered, rigid cellulose, corrugated paper, corrugated
high density polythene and aspen fiber .It has been observed
that the saturation efficiency decreases with increasing mass
flow rate of air .It also seen that material with higher wetted
surface area gives higher saturation efficiency.Fatemeh et
al[7]shown the modeling of a desiccant wheel used for
dehumidifying the ventilation air of an air-conditioning
system. By the numerical method, the performance of an
adiabatic rotary dehumidification is parametrically studied
and the optimums rotational speed is determined by examine
the outlet adsorption –side humidity profiles.
D.G. Waugaman et al [8] studied about the advantages and
disadvantages of desiccant wheel. It states that the main
advantage of desiccant cooing is significant potential for
energy reduction and reduced utilization of fossil fuels. The
electrical energy necessity can be very low comparing with
conventional refrigeration system.Kang and Maclain-cross
[9] showed that dehumidification is the key factor of
desiccant cooling system and the cooling COP can be
significant enhanced by enhancing the performance of
component.J.J. Jurinak et al and F.E.Nia et [10]
premeditated about the desiccant process that in this process,
fresh air is dehumidified and then sensibly and
evaporatively cooled before being sent to the conditioned
space. This method works without conventional refrigerants,
and also it allows the use of low-temperature heat to drive
cooling cycle. It also shows that, the moisture can be
removed from the desiccant by heating it to temperature
around 60°C-90°C and revealing it to a regenerative air
stream.
Camrago, J. R., et al [11] studied about the fundamental
ideology of the evaporative cooling process for human
thermal comfort, the ideology of operation for the direct
evaporative cooling system and the mathematical
development of the equations of thermal exchanges,
allowing the purpose of the effectiveness of saturation.
Dowdy, J.A., Karbash,N.S.[12]obtained the heat and mass
transfer coefficient by experimentally for the evaporative
cooling process through various thicknesses of rigid
impregnated cellulose evaporative medium. E.V.Gomez et
al [13] studied about the comparison of high grade energy
required in air-conditioning system and evaporating cooling
system. The weather data for analysis has taken from IMD
Bhopal[19] for the year 2013.Neti, S., Wolfe,E.I.[14]
calculated the effectiveness in a silica gel rotary exchanger
for 0.5to 2.5m/s process air flow velocity and 20 to 30°C
temperature ranged with 30 to 100% relative humidity.
Nomenclature
T Dry bulb temperature of air
h Enthalpy of air(kj/kg)
Tw Wet bulb temperature
W Specific humidity (g/kg)
R Ratio of ambient air mass to Re-circulated air
mass
RTH Total heat inter from atmosphere to room (kW)
RTHO Total heat out from room to atmosphere (kW)
RSHF Room sensible heat factor
RSH Room sensible heat
RSHO Room sensible heat out
CLC Cooling load Capacity (TR)
Cpa Specific heat of air at constant pressure (j/kg-k)
Cpv Specific heat of vapour at constant pressure
(j/kg-k)
V Volume of cooling pad
B Bi-pass factor
Tc Cooling coil temperature
Trh Temperature of re-heat coil
Tph Temperature of pre-heat coil
Trd Regeneration temperature of desiccant wheel
P % mixing of re-circulated air to atmospheric air
Mm Mass flow rate of air in duct after mixing (kg/s)
of ambient air and re-circulating air
RDW Radius of desiccant wheel
dt Thickness of desiccant coating(mm)
Dh Hydraulic diameter of a channel (mm)
N Desiccant wheel speed
Greek letters
φ Relative humidity of air(%)
ρ Density of air(kg/m³)
ɳ Saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler (%)
ɛ Efficiency of desiccant wheel.
Subscripts
Ph pre-heating coil
rh re-heating coil
c cooling coil
phi pre- heating coil inlet
pho pre –heating coil outlet
di desiccant wheel inlet
do desiccant wheel outlet
ei evaporative cooler inlet
eo evaporative cooler outlet
ci cooling coil inlet
co cooling coil outlet
rhi re-heat coil inlet
rho re-heat coil outlet
a ambient
s supply
r room
m mixed air
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | September-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 282
2. METHODOLOGY
Following assumptions and equations have been taken for
analysis.
2.1.Assumption
[1]. The wet bulb temperature before and after the
evaporative cooler will be constant.
[2]. The cooling coil and heating coil be only used for
sensible cooling and sensible heating.
[3]. The mass flow rate (or air velocity) will be same
throughout the duct.
[4]. Axial heat conduction and water vapour diffusion in
the air is negligible.
[5]. Axial molecular diffusion within the desiccant is
negligible.
[6]. The channels are assumed adiabatic and impermeable.
[7]. The heat and mass transfer coefficient are constant.
[8]. The adsorption heat per kilogram of adsorbed water in
desiccant wheel is constant.
2.2 Equations
2.2.1 Equation of specific humidity for mixed air.
(1)
2.2.2 Equation of enthalpy for mixed air [15].
(2)
2.2.3 Equation of DBT for mixed air[15].
(3)
2.2.4 Equation of enthalpy for supply air [15].
(4)
2.2.5 Equation of DBT for supply air [15].
(5)
2.2.6 Equation for saturation efficiency of evaporative
cooler [5, 16].
(6)
Where
2.2.7 Equation for volume of cooling pad.[5]
(7)
Where
2.2.8 Equation for percentage mixing of re-circulated air
with atmospheric air.
= (8)
2.2.9 Equation for temperature of cooling coil.
(9)
2.2.10 Area of desiccant wheel in which mixed air is passed
(10)
2.2.11 Equation for velocity of air
(11)
2.2.12 Equation for efficiency of desiccant wheel [16].
ɛ = k1(N)k2( ) k3(dt)k4( )k5 ( )k6( )k7(U) (12)
Where
k1(N) =-0.0001N2
+0.0042N+0.4474
k2( ) =-0.0001( )2
-0.0031 +0.8353
k3(dt) =-21.67(dt)2
+6.93dt+1.34
k4( ) =-0.0001( )2
+0.0355 (Trd) -0.4924
k5( ) =592.77( /1000)²-41.23( /1000)+1.283
k6( ) =-0.0572( )3
+0.0933( )2
+0.6139 -0.0922
k7(U) =-0.0611U+0.8376
2.2.13 Equation for outlet DBT of desiccant wheel
[17].
(13)
Where
P₁ (N)
p4( )=-0.0004( +0.1255 +0.6757
p5(Wm)=594.48(Wm/1000)²+26.76(Wm/1000)+3.79
p6( )=0.039( +0.026( +0.603 +0.0912
p7(U)=-0.060U+0.7973
2.2.14 Equation for specific humidity of outlet air for
desiccant wheel [17, 18]
(14)
3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The positions of equipments used in year round air
conditioning system are shown in the diagram of year round
air conditioning system(Fig.1).The analysis is done on the
concept that, supply air condition is depends on the room
conditions, mass flow rate, CLC, and RSHF. We take the
room conditions be constant. So the supply condition will be
depends on mass flow rate, CLC and RSHF.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | September-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 283
Fig.1. Diagram of year round air conditioning system
For hot and dry weather condition the supply air condition is
also the outlet condition of cooling coil. Because from
cooling coil only sensible cooling is done, so the inlet and
outlet specific humidity of air for cooling coil will be same.
The inlet condition of cooling coil is same the outlet
condition of the evaporative cooler, and the WBT of inlet
and outlet air of evaporating cooler will be same, which is
equal to the WBT of mixed air .So the outlet condition of
evaporative cooler is find with the online psychometric
calculator [20]. Hence we find out the saturation efficiency
of evaporative cooler and the volume of cellulose cooling
pad with the help of inlet and outlet condition of evaporating
cooler. For hot and wet weather condition, inlet condition
of evaporative cooler and outlet condition of desiccant
wheel is same and it depends on atmospheric condition of
air, mixing ratio of air, rotational speed and regeneration
temperature of desiccant wheel. The same concept of hot
and dry weather condition is used for evaporative cooler and
cooling coil. In cold and dry weather condition , the mixed
air is passed through pre-heating coil in which air is heated
at constant specific humidity ,after that air is passed through
evaporative cooler in which air is humidified at constant wet
bulb temperature and lastly air is heated up to required
supply condition by re-heating coil.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
RPH 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Tm(°C) 27.57 27.57 27.57 27.57 27.57 27.57 27.57
Tdo(°C) 52.96 55.67 57.99 59.91 61.43 62.55 63.28
Teo(°C) 42.92 45.23 47.11 48.81 50.14 51.17 51.97
Tc(°C) 17.76364 17.18624 16.71614 16.29114 15.95864 15.70114 15.50114
Ts(°C) 22.79491 22.79491 22.79491 22.79491 22.79491 22.79491 22.79491
Wm(g/kg) 17.384 17.384 17.384 17.384 17.384 17.384 17.384
Wdo(g/kg) 6.260594 6.068484 5.919065 5.812337 5.748301 5.726955 5.748301
Weo(g/kg) 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33
Ws(g/kg) 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33
ɛ 0.639865 0.650916 0.659511 0.66565 0.669334 0.670562 0.669334
η(%) 33.30311 32.36258 31.90937 31.18182 30.69405 30.24165 29.62732
V(cm³) 547.9984 514.0822 493.8579 472.2523 458.6481 448.977 439.5406
4.1: Hot and wet weather condition.Variation of parameters w.r.t. RPH of desiccant wheel.
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | September-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 284
Figure (2) indicates variation in temperature w.r.t rotational
speed of desiccant wheel respectively. The inlet temperature
of desiccant wheel or mixed air temperature remains
constant because it depends on atmospheric condition and
the re-circulated air condition and both are constant. The
value of Tdo also increases with increase in rotational speed
of desiccant wheel. The result shows that the supply
condition be constant because the supply condition is
depends on the mass flow rate ,Room conditions, RTH or
cooling load and RSHF value and these parameters are taken
to be constant. The cooling coil temperature decreases, since
the supply air DBT is constant and the inlet of cooling coil
that is outlet of evaporative cooler DBT of air increases and
the bypass factor be constant. From table (1), the value of
specific humidity of outlet air of evaporative cooler is
constant, because the specific humidity of supply air is
constant and it is equal to specific humidity of outlet air of
evaporative cooler. The value of effectiveness of desiccant
wheel firstly increases and a certain value of rotational
speed of it decreases. Because at constant mass flow rate
and regeneration temperature, the rotational speed of a
rotary desiccant dehumidification is inversely proportional
to the sorption time. The rotational speed of a rotary
desiccant dehumidifier is optimum when the average outlet
humidity ratio of the process air flow is the minimum. A
rotary desiccant dehumidifier operates such that the
moisture observed during the adsorption process, so when
the average outlet humidity ratio in the adsorption stream is
optimized, the average outlet humidity ratio of the
regeneration stream is maximized. In other words, the
adsorption and regeneration process will be optimum at the
same rotational speed. When a desiccant wheel rotates much
faster than optimum speed, the adsorption and regeneration
process are too short, which result in poor performance.
Also, when the rotational speed is low the adsorption and
regeneration process are too long and less effective.The
volume of cooling pad of evaporative cooler decreases with
increase in rotational speed of desiccant wheel. The outlet
air specific humidity of desiccant wheel or inlet air specific
humidity of evaporative cooler firstly decreases and after a
optimum speed it increases because the effectiveness is
maximum at optimum rotational speed. The outlet specific
humidity of evaporating cooler is constant and which is only
possible when volume of the cooling pad decreases. Because
as volume or thickness is decreases then the air has lesser
contact time with water for same mass flow rate.The
saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler decreases as
volume of cooling pad decreases.
5. CONCLUSION
After going through thermodynamic analysis of year round
air conditioning system for different value of rotational
speed of desiccant wheel, the following conclusions were
made:
The analysis of year round air conditioning system
depends mainly on the performance of the desiccant
wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coil and cooling
coil.
DBT of supply air remain constant with the increase of
rotation speed of desiccant wheel for hot and wet
weather condition. The DBT of supply air is 22.79491.
The specific humidity of supply air also remain
constant with the increase of desiccant wheel and
which is equal to 10.33 to g/kg for hot and wet
weather condition.
The volume of cellulose cooling pad decreases from
547.9984to 439.5406cm3
for hot and wet weather
condition with increase in RPH (6 to 24) of desiccant
wheel.
The saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler
decreases from 33.30311to 29.62732% for hot and wet
weather condition with increase in RPH (6 to 24) of
desiccant wheel.
The efficiency of desiccant wheel increases from
0.639865 to 0.670562 for RPH value 6 to 21 of
desiccant wheel and after that it decreases i.e.
maximum efficiency exits at the seed 21RPH.
The cooling coil temperature decreases from
17.76364 to 15.50114 with increase in rotational speed
of desiccant wheel(6 to 24RPH).
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 09 | September-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 285
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