IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermal analysis of water cooled charge air cooler in turbo charged diesel en...eSAT Journals
This document analyzes the thermal performance of a water-cooled charge air cooler used in a turbocharged diesel engine. It describes the components and working of air-cooled and water-cooled charge air coolers. It then analyzes the performance of a plate fin heat exchanger model of the water-cooled charge air cooler by calculating various parameters using correlations. The results obtained by varying the hot air flow rate show that the Colburn-j factor and friction factor decrease while heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient increase with Reynolds number, and effectiveness decreases with increasing air mass flow rate.
This document summarizes the results of a thermal analysis of a gas turbine power plant to improve performance efficiency. The analysis considers three gas turbine cycles: simple cycle, intercooled cycle, and regenerative cycle. For the intercooled cycle, the analysis found that thermal efficiency increases with higher intercooler effectiveness and decreases with higher ambient temperature. Compressor work also decreases with higher intercooler effectiveness. For the regenerative cycle, thermal efficiency decreases with higher ambient temperature and lower regenerator effectiveness. The regenerative cycle has higher thermal efficiency than the simple cycle under the same operating conditions. The analysis provides equations to calculate key performance parameters for optimizing efficiency.
Thermal analysis of cooling effect on gas turbine bladeeSAT Journals
This document analyzes the film cooling technique used to cool gas turbine blades where temperatures exceed 1122 K. It finds that the thermal efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is slightly lower than an uncooled one due to the decreased turbine inlet temperature from cooling. However, cooling is necessary to increase blade life as temperatures rise above 1123K. The document also examines how increasing the overall pressure ratio further decreases the net power output of cooled gas turbines.
Stirling engine performance prediction using schmidt analysis by considering ...eSAT Journals
Abstract A low temperature ratio Stirling engine analysis required for cost effective, less environment harmfulness and more efficient power generation compare to Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle for this temperature ratio. A new and complete model for a Stirling engine has been established. This computerized model predicts the behavior of existing engines reasonably accurately for cases where a quantitative comparison is available. In order to obtain a closed solution suitable for design optimization a simplified model for a Stirling engine has been derived considering different types of losses in this engine. This new model has sufficient accuracy for prediction of the behavior a real engine and its results are quite close to the complete model predictions. Index Terms: Stirling Engine, Schmidt Analysis, Low temperature ratio, Engine Losses, computerized model
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution in a workpiece during surface grinding. It begins by reviewing how various grinding parameters affect temperature and describes modeling the grinding zone as a heat source moving along the workpiece. It then presents the developed finite element model, which calculates the heat flux into the workpiece based on grinding wheel speed, workpiece speed, and depth of cut. The model is used to simulate temperature distribution and predict maximum surface and subsurface temperatures under different grinding conditions. Results show highest temperatures occur at the trailing edge of the grinding contact area and just below the workpiece surface. The model provides a way to analyze thermal effects and optimize grinding parameters to control temperatures and residual stresses.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...iaemedu
This document summarizes a study on modeling temperature distribution in workpieces during surface grinding using finite element analysis. It begins by discussing how thermal damage from grinding is caused by high temperatures and residual stresses. It then presents a finite element thermal model to calculate grinding temperatures and their distribution in the workpiece. The model considers the grinding wheel as a moving heat source on the workpiece surface. Results from the model show that maximum temperature occurs at the trailing edge of the contact area and just below the surface. The study concludes the model provides a good understanding of the grinding process and can be used to determine optimal process parameters.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...iaemedu
This document discusses a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution during surface grinding. It begins by reviewing how various grinding parameters affect temperature and approaches to modeling the grinding zone as a heat source. It then presents the proposed finite element model, which considers the grinding wheel a moving heat source along the workpiece surface. The model calculates the heat flux entering the workpiece based on grinding parameters like wheel speed and cutting depth. Results show maximum temperature occurs at the trailing edge but drops off after due to cooling. The model can provide insight into temperature fields in the workpiece and effects of process parameters on thermal loading and residual stresses.
Thermal analysis of water cooled charge air cooler in turbo charged diesel en...eSAT Journals
This document analyzes the thermal performance of a water-cooled charge air cooler used in a turbocharged diesel engine. It describes the components and working of air-cooled and water-cooled charge air coolers. It then analyzes the performance of a plate fin heat exchanger model of the water-cooled charge air cooler by calculating various parameters using correlations. The results obtained by varying the hot air flow rate show that the Colburn-j factor and friction factor decrease while heat transfer coefficient, overall heat transfer coefficient increase with Reynolds number, and effectiveness decreases with increasing air mass flow rate.
This document summarizes the results of a thermal analysis of a gas turbine power plant to improve performance efficiency. The analysis considers three gas turbine cycles: simple cycle, intercooled cycle, and regenerative cycle. For the intercooled cycle, the analysis found that thermal efficiency increases with higher intercooler effectiveness and decreases with higher ambient temperature. Compressor work also decreases with higher intercooler effectiveness. For the regenerative cycle, thermal efficiency decreases with higher ambient temperature and lower regenerator effectiveness. The regenerative cycle has higher thermal efficiency than the simple cycle under the same operating conditions. The analysis provides equations to calculate key performance parameters for optimizing efficiency.
Thermal analysis of cooling effect on gas turbine bladeeSAT Journals
This document analyzes the film cooling technique used to cool gas turbine blades where temperatures exceed 1122 K. It finds that the thermal efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is slightly lower than an uncooled one due to the decreased turbine inlet temperature from cooling. However, cooling is necessary to increase blade life as temperatures rise above 1123K. The document also examines how increasing the overall pressure ratio further decreases the net power output of cooled gas turbines.
Stirling engine performance prediction using schmidt analysis by considering ...eSAT Journals
Abstract A low temperature ratio Stirling engine analysis required for cost effective, less environment harmfulness and more efficient power generation compare to Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle for this temperature ratio. A new and complete model for a Stirling engine has been established. This computerized model predicts the behavior of existing engines reasonably accurately for cases where a quantitative comparison is available. In order to obtain a closed solution suitable for design optimization a simplified model for a Stirling engine has been derived considering different types of losses in this engine. This new model has sufficient accuracy for prediction of the behavior a real engine and its results are quite close to the complete model predictions. Index Terms: Stirling Engine, Schmidt Analysis, Low temperature ratio, Engine Losses, computerized model
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution in a workpiece during surface grinding. It begins by reviewing how various grinding parameters affect temperature and describes modeling the grinding zone as a heat source moving along the workpiece. It then presents the developed finite element model, which calculates the heat flux into the workpiece based on grinding wheel speed, workpiece speed, and depth of cut. The model is used to simulate temperature distribution and predict maximum surface and subsurface temperatures under different grinding conditions. Results show highest temperatures occur at the trailing edge of the grinding contact area and just below the workpiece surface. The model provides a way to analyze thermal effects and optimize grinding parameters to control temperatures and residual stresses.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...iaemedu
This document summarizes a study on modeling temperature distribution in workpieces during surface grinding using finite element analysis. It begins by discussing how thermal damage from grinding is caused by high temperatures and residual stresses. It then presents a finite element thermal model to calculate grinding temperatures and their distribution in the workpiece. The model considers the grinding wheel as a moving heat source on the workpiece surface. Results from the model show that maximum temperature occurs at the trailing edge of the contact area and just below the surface. The study concludes the model provides a good understanding of the grinding process and can be used to determine optimal process parameters.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...iaemedu
This document discusses a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution during surface grinding. It begins by reviewing how various grinding parameters affect temperature and approaches to modeling the grinding zone as a heat source. It then presents the proposed finite element model, which considers the grinding wheel a moving heat source along the workpiece surface. The model calculates the heat flux entering the workpiece based on grinding parameters like wheel speed and cutting depth. Results show maximum temperature occurs at the trailing edge but drops off after due to cooling. The model can provide insight into temperature fields in the workpiece and effects of process parameters on thermal loading and residual stresses.
EFFECTS OF SUNLIGHT INTENSITY ON TURBO JET ENGINE OF AIRCRAFT IAEME Publication
The reasons behind the raise of the temperature of turbo jet engine of aircrafts was investigated which leads to damaging the engine and costs the government huge expenses in case the plane is on ground and costs lives and expenses in case the aircraft is in flight. My daily study over the course of a year has proved the effect of sunlight on the temperature of turbo jet engine over the city of Kirkuk which lies on longitude 44.4 latitude 35.5.
This document discusses steam turbine power plant design and cycles. It describes typical steam conditions between 600-1450 psig at 750-950°F for Army power plants. Back pressure turbines exhaust at 250-15 psig and condensing turbines exhaust at 1-5 inches of mercury absolute. Cogeneration plants use back pressure or controlled extraction/condensing cycles to simultaneously produce electric power and steam for heat. The document compares plant heat rates, turbine heat rates, and discusses optimizing steam power plant cycles for maximum efficiency and economy.
This document summarizes a study on modeling material removal rate in electrical discharge machining (EDM) using finite element analysis. It describes developing an axisymmetric thermal model in ANSYS to simulate single sparks during EDM. Temperature distribution is analyzed using transient thermal analysis assuming Gaussian heat distribution. The model is validated by comparing material removal rates from experiments and simulations using the same process parameters. Good agreement between the two approaches is found.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of different heat sink shield profiles for electronic cooling. Three shield profiles - trapezoidal with curved inclination, trapezoidal with plane inclination, and slope shield - were modeled and simulated under a heat load of 75W. The trapezoidal shield with curved inclination achieved the lowest maximum temperature of 325.58K, highest heat transfer coefficient of 29.32, and highest surface Nusselt number of 1211.604, indicating it has the best thermal performance of the three profiles analyzed.
The document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of heat transfer in a rectangular channel with blockages containing elongated holes. A model of the channel was created in design software and meshed before performing CFD simulations. The simulations analyzed how heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers varied with the pitch ratio of the blockages for different Reynolds numbers. Results showed that heat transfer initially increased with pitch ratio up to a value of 6.0, then decreased with further increases, due to changes in flow reattachment. Blockages with shorter holes enhanced heat transfer more but also increased pressure drops more compared to longer holes. The CFD results were also validated against available experimental data, with good agreement.
This document reviews various techniques for enhancing heat transfer through surfaces like tubes and ducts, specifically the use of ribs, fins, and inserts. It begins by classifying heat transfer enhancement techniques as active, passive, or compound. The majority of the document then focuses on passive techniques, including extended surfaces like fins and the use of inserts within ducts or tubes. It provides examples of different rib, fin, and insert configurations that have been used, and summarizes several studies that have experimentally analyzed heat transfer rates and pressure drops associated with these configurations under different parameters. Overall, the document serves as a literature review of using ribs, fins, and inserts to enhance heat transfer through surfaces in a passive manner without external power input.
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger with different baffle inclinations. The study aims to determine the optimal baffle inclination angle and mass flow rate. It analyzes heat transfer characteristics for baffle inclinations of 0, 10 and 20 degrees. The results indicate that a helical baffle configuration forces fluid rotation, increasing heat transfer rates and coefficients more than a segmental baffle design. Overall, the CFD simulation allows determination of outlet temperatures, pressure drops, and optimal design parameters for improved heat exchanger performance.
Natural convection heat transfer flow visualization of perforated fin arrays ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present paper reports, the validation of results of modeling and simulation in CFD by experiment on the fluid flow and heat
transfer characteristics of a fin arrays with lateral circular perforation and its external dimensionally equivalent solid fin arrays
equipped on horizontal flat surface a problem of natural convection. The simulation is carried out using the fluid flow (CFX)
workbench of ANSYS 12.0. In this study, results shows that formation of the stagnant layer around the solid fin array which slowdowns
the heat dissipation rate. Increase in the fluid flow movement around the fin results increase in the heat dissipation rate. It can
be achieved by adding perforation to the fins. Natural convection is a buoyancy driven phenomenon; the state of the art of CFX was
used to carry the study of fluid flow separation and velocity field over a fin array. New designed perforated fins have an improvement
in average Nusselt number, over its external dimensionally equivalent solid fin arrays.
Keywords: CFD simulation, perforated fins, Natural convection, Heat sink, Nusselt number, Flow Visualization
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics of different elliptical pin fin heat sink configurations. The study aims to examine the effects of elliptical pin fin design parameters on heat sink performance. CFD simulations are conducted using ANSYS Fluent software to compute the thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, and surface Nusselt number of plate fin and elliptical pin fin heat sinks. Results show that the elliptical pin fin heat sink has better heat transfer performance than the plate fin heat sink. Simulation results for thermal resistance and pressure drop are validated against experimental data from previous studies.
An Algorithm of a Convectional Factory Electric Tray Dryertheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document summarizes an exergy and exergo-economic analysis of the Montazer Ghaem gas turbine power plant in Iran. The analysis finds that the combustion chamber has the highest exergy destruction due to the large temperature difference between the flame and operating fluid. The gas turbine's performance and efficiency are significantly affected by ambient temperature. An increase in ambient temperature decreases the net power output and exergy efficiency. The exergo-economic analysis determines that the combustion chamber also has the largest cost of exergy destruction.
IRJET- Review on An Innovative Approach to Study the Thermal Performance of M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermal performance analysis of a muffler heat shield for the Hero Xtreme 200R motorcycle. It discusses how heat shields protect components from high exhaust temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation. The authors conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS to optimize the design of the muffler heat shield. Their results showed the optimized design could reduce pressure drop in the exhaust system by up to 13% through minor design changes to the perforated pipe. The document also provides background on heat shield applications in automotive exhaust systems and prior studies analyzing thermal behavior and heat transfer in exhaust components.
Design analysis and life estimation of a first stage rotor blade using nickel...IAEME Publication
The document analyzes the design, stresses, and life estimation of a first stage rotor blade made of CMSX4 nickel-based super alloy. Finite element analysis was conducted in ANSYS to determine stresses on the blade, with maximum stresses of 70.549 kPa found at the trailing edge root. Modal and life estimation analyses were also performed. The analyses found the blade design and stresses to be safe for continuous operation, which would increase the power capacity of the combined cycle gas turbine plant.
IRJET- Effect of Pin Fin Geometry on Performance of Heat SinkIRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of pin fin geometry on the performance of a heat sink. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goals of analyzing pin fin geometry using CATIA and ANSYS software to increase heat transfer rates. It then provides background on heat transfer and the three modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection and radiation. The objectives, problem statement and methodology are described. The design of the experimental setup is discussed along with future work considering additional factors like radiation and different materials.
Experimental investigation on the effect of fin pitch on the performance of p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
Experimental and computational investigation of low cost standing wave thermo...IAEME Publication
This document presents experimental and computational investigation of a low-cost standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator. Experimentally, a maximum temperature difference of 11K was obtained using a glass fiber stack with glass capillary tube spacers located at 0.15m from the speaker inlet. Computational fluid dynamics analysis using similar conditions obtained a temperature difference of 6K, in good agreement with experimental results. The study aims to develop an inexpensive standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator design using readily available materials.
The document describes the design and setup of a thermoacoustic refrigeration system as an environmentally friendly alternative to vapor compression refrigeration. Key components include an acoustic driver, stack, working fluid, and acoustic resonator. The driver converts electrical power to acoustic waves in the resonator tube filled with working fluid. A spiral stack within the tube facilitates heat pumping via the thermoacoustic effect as gas parcels compress and expand. The system aims to demonstrate cooling without ozone-depleting refrigerants through analyzing and testing a prototype.
This document describes a study of a thermoacoustic refrigeration system. Thermoacoustic refrigeration uses sound waves to pump heat in a resonator tube, without ozone-depleting refrigerants. The study varied parameters like frequency, mean pressure, and cooling load to analyze their effects on the hot end temperature and temperature difference across the stack. Results showed that higher frequency, pressure, and cooling load increased hot end temperature, with an optimal pressure for maximum temperature difference. Compared to vapor compression systems, thermoacoustic refrigeration has fewer moving parts and lower maintenance costs while avoiding environmental hazards.
This document discusses thermoacoustic engines (TAEs). TAEs use sound waves to pump heat from one place to another, or use a heat difference to induce sound waves. They have no moving parts, making them reliable with a long lifespan. The document outlines the history and discovery of TAEs. It describes the thermodynamic cycle and types of TAEs, including standing wave and traveling wave systems. Components like the heat exchanger, resonator, stack, and regenerator are also explained. Performance metrics and advantages like environmental friendliness are summarized, along with limitations like low power density. The document concludes that TAEs' simplicity could allow them to replace other engines in the future.
This document discusses thermoacoustics, which uses thermal energy to generate or amplify sound waves. It describes how sound waves can be amplified through heat and used to drive a piston. The key components of thermoacoustic systems are the driver, resonator, stack, and heat exchangers. The resonator contains gas that undergoes compression and cooling from the sound waves. The stack facilitates heat transfer through many small parallel channels. Thermoacoustic systems can be used for refrigeration and have benefits like being environmentally friendly.
Internal combustion engines produce appreciable emissions and are also less efficient at part loads. On other hand electric drives have zero emissions, but also very limited range. It is thus logical to combine the best aspects of both and the result is a hybrid vehicle. Optimum strategy would then be to use electric drive during slow moving city traffic, for acceleration and for hill climbing and IC engines at cruising speeds on highways. This would also results in reduced pollution in cities, along with improved mileage.
The engine on the conventional car is sized for the peak power requirement, which is seldom required in actual practice. The hybrid car uses a much smaller engine, whose size is kept closer to the average power requirement rather than the peak power. A smaller engine is always more efficient due to the reason that it would run at its optimum capacity most of the time as compared to a bigger engine running at part load most of the time.
Electric motor helps in several ways:
1. Provides extra power when the car is accelerating or climbing a hill.
2. Starts the engine, eliminating the need for a separate starter.
3. Provide regenerative braking to capture energy during braking
EFFECTS OF SUNLIGHT INTENSITY ON TURBO JET ENGINE OF AIRCRAFT IAEME Publication
The reasons behind the raise of the temperature of turbo jet engine of aircrafts was investigated which leads to damaging the engine and costs the government huge expenses in case the plane is on ground and costs lives and expenses in case the aircraft is in flight. My daily study over the course of a year has proved the effect of sunlight on the temperature of turbo jet engine over the city of Kirkuk which lies on longitude 44.4 latitude 35.5.
This document discusses steam turbine power plant design and cycles. It describes typical steam conditions between 600-1450 psig at 750-950°F for Army power plants. Back pressure turbines exhaust at 250-15 psig and condensing turbines exhaust at 1-5 inches of mercury absolute. Cogeneration plants use back pressure or controlled extraction/condensing cycles to simultaneously produce electric power and steam for heat. The document compares plant heat rates, turbine heat rates, and discusses optimizing steam power plant cycles for maximum efficiency and economy.
This document summarizes a study on modeling material removal rate in electrical discharge machining (EDM) using finite element analysis. It describes developing an axisymmetric thermal model in ANSYS to simulate single sparks during EDM. Temperature distribution is analyzed using transient thermal analysis assuming Gaussian heat distribution. The model is validated by comparing material removal rates from experiments and simulations using the same process parameters. Good agreement between the two approaches is found.
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of different heat sink shield profiles for electronic cooling. Three shield profiles - trapezoidal with curved inclination, trapezoidal with plane inclination, and slope shield - were modeled and simulated under a heat load of 75W. The trapezoidal shield with curved inclination achieved the lowest maximum temperature of 325.58K, highest heat transfer coefficient of 29.32, and highest surface Nusselt number of 1211.604, indicating it has the best thermal performance of the three profiles analyzed.
The document describes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of heat transfer in a rectangular channel with blockages containing elongated holes. A model of the channel was created in design software and meshed before performing CFD simulations. The simulations analyzed how heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers varied with the pitch ratio of the blockages for different Reynolds numbers. Results showed that heat transfer initially increased with pitch ratio up to a value of 6.0, then decreased with further increases, due to changes in flow reattachment. Blockages with shorter holes enhanced heat transfer more but also increased pressure drops more compared to longer holes. The CFD results were also validated against available experimental data, with good agreement.
This document reviews various techniques for enhancing heat transfer through surfaces like tubes and ducts, specifically the use of ribs, fins, and inserts. It begins by classifying heat transfer enhancement techniques as active, passive, or compound. The majority of the document then focuses on passive techniques, including extended surfaces like fins and the use of inserts within ducts or tubes. It provides examples of different rib, fin, and insert configurations that have been used, and summarizes several studies that have experimentally analyzed heat transfer rates and pressure drops associated with these configurations under different parameters. Overall, the document serves as a literature review of using ribs, fins, and inserts to enhance heat transfer through surfaces in a passive manner without external power input.
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger with different baffle inclinations. The study aims to determine the optimal baffle inclination angle and mass flow rate. It analyzes heat transfer characteristics for baffle inclinations of 0, 10 and 20 degrees. The results indicate that a helical baffle configuration forces fluid rotation, increasing heat transfer rates and coefficients more than a segmental baffle design. Overall, the CFD simulation allows determination of outlet temperatures, pressure drops, and optimal design parameters for improved heat exchanger performance.
Natural convection heat transfer flow visualization of perforated fin arrays ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The present paper reports, the validation of results of modeling and simulation in CFD by experiment on the fluid flow and heat
transfer characteristics of a fin arrays with lateral circular perforation and its external dimensionally equivalent solid fin arrays
equipped on horizontal flat surface a problem of natural convection. The simulation is carried out using the fluid flow (CFX)
workbench of ANSYS 12.0. In this study, results shows that formation of the stagnant layer around the solid fin array which slowdowns
the heat dissipation rate. Increase in the fluid flow movement around the fin results increase in the heat dissipation rate. It can
be achieved by adding perforation to the fins. Natural convection is a buoyancy driven phenomenon; the state of the art of CFX was
used to carry the study of fluid flow separation and velocity field over a fin array. New designed perforated fins have an improvement
in average Nusselt number, over its external dimensionally equivalent solid fin arrays.
Keywords: CFD simulation, perforated fins, Natural convection, Heat sink, Nusselt number, Flow Visualization
This document summarizes a study that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics of different elliptical pin fin heat sink configurations. The study aims to examine the effects of elliptical pin fin design parameters on heat sink performance. CFD simulations are conducted using ANSYS Fluent software to compute the thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, and surface Nusselt number of plate fin and elliptical pin fin heat sinks. Results show that the elliptical pin fin heat sink has better heat transfer performance than the plate fin heat sink. Simulation results for thermal resistance and pressure drop are validated against experimental data from previous studies.
An Algorithm of a Convectional Factory Electric Tray Dryertheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document summarizes an exergy and exergo-economic analysis of the Montazer Ghaem gas turbine power plant in Iran. The analysis finds that the combustion chamber has the highest exergy destruction due to the large temperature difference between the flame and operating fluid. The gas turbine's performance and efficiency are significantly affected by ambient temperature. An increase in ambient temperature decreases the net power output and exergy efficiency. The exergo-economic analysis determines that the combustion chamber also has the largest cost of exergy destruction.
IRJET- Review on An Innovative Approach to Study the Thermal Performance of M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews thermal performance analysis of a muffler heat shield for the Hero Xtreme 200R motorcycle. It discusses how heat shields protect components from high exhaust temperatures through conduction, convection, and radiation. The authors conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS to optimize the design of the muffler heat shield. Their results showed the optimized design could reduce pressure drop in the exhaust system by up to 13% through minor design changes to the perforated pipe. The document also provides background on heat shield applications in automotive exhaust systems and prior studies analyzing thermal behavior and heat transfer in exhaust components.
Design analysis and life estimation of a first stage rotor blade using nickel...IAEME Publication
The document analyzes the design, stresses, and life estimation of a first stage rotor blade made of CMSX4 nickel-based super alloy. Finite element analysis was conducted in ANSYS to determine stresses on the blade, with maximum stresses of 70.549 kPa found at the trailing edge root. Modal and life estimation analyses were also performed. The analyses found the blade design and stresses to be safe for continuous operation, which would increase the power capacity of the combined cycle gas turbine plant.
IRJET- Effect of Pin Fin Geometry on Performance of Heat SinkIRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of pin fin geometry on the performance of a heat sink. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goals of analyzing pin fin geometry using CATIA and ANSYS software to increase heat transfer rates. It then provides background on heat transfer and the three modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection and radiation. The objectives, problem statement and methodology are described. The design of the experimental setup is discussed along with future work considering additional factors like radiation and different materials.
Experimental investigation on the effect of fin pitch on the performance of p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Solar air heater (SAH), which is the most essential component of solar drying systems, receive solar energy and convert it into thermal energy. This review presents descriptions and previous works conducted on performances analysis of SAHs. Exergoenviroeconomic, exergoenvironmental, environmental, and exergy analyses are also presented. In addition, results on the performances of SAHs are summarized. The exergy and energy efficiencies of SAHs at laboratorium testing range from 8% to 61% and from 30% to 79%, respectively.
Experimental and computational investigation of low cost standing wave thermo...IAEME Publication
This document presents experimental and computational investigation of a low-cost standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator. Experimentally, a maximum temperature difference of 11K was obtained using a glass fiber stack with glass capillary tube spacers located at 0.15m from the speaker inlet. Computational fluid dynamics analysis using similar conditions obtained a temperature difference of 6K, in good agreement with experimental results. The study aims to develop an inexpensive standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator design using readily available materials.
The document describes the design and setup of a thermoacoustic refrigeration system as an environmentally friendly alternative to vapor compression refrigeration. Key components include an acoustic driver, stack, working fluid, and acoustic resonator. The driver converts electrical power to acoustic waves in the resonator tube filled with working fluid. A spiral stack within the tube facilitates heat pumping via the thermoacoustic effect as gas parcels compress and expand. The system aims to demonstrate cooling without ozone-depleting refrigerants through analyzing and testing a prototype.
This document describes a study of a thermoacoustic refrigeration system. Thermoacoustic refrigeration uses sound waves to pump heat in a resonator tube, without ozone-depleting refrigerants. The study varied parameters like frequency, mean pressure, and cooling load to analyze their effects on the hot end temperature and temperature difference across the stack. Results showed that higher frequency, pressure, and cooling load increased hot end temperature, with an optimal pressure for maximum temperature difference. Compared to vapor compression systems, thermoacoustic refrigeration has fewer moving parts and lower maintenance costs while avoiding environmental hazards.
This document discusses thermoacoustic engines (TAEs). TAEs use sound waves to pump heat from one place to another, or use a heat difference to induce sound waves. They have no moving parts, making them reliable with a long lifespan. The document outlines the history and discovery of TAEs. It describes the thermodynamic cycle and types of TAEs, including standing wave and traveling wave systems. Components like the heat exchanger, resonator, stack, and regenerator are also explained. Performance metrics and advantages like environmental friendliness are summarized, along with limitations like low power density. The document concludes that TAEs' simplicity could allow them to replace other engines in the future.
This document discusses thermoacoustics, which uses thermal energy to generate or amplify sound waves. It describes how sound waves can be amplified through heat and used to drive a piston. The key components of thermoacoustic systems are the driver, resonator, stack, and heat exchangers. The resonator contains gas that undergoes compression and cooling from the sound waves. The stack facilitates heat transfer through many small parallel channels. Thermoacoustic systems can be used for refrigeration and have benefits like being environmentally friendly.
Internal combustion engines produce appreciable emissions and are also less efficient at part loads. On other hand electric drives have zero emissions, but also very limited range. It is thus logical to combine the best aspects of both and the result is a hybrid vehicle. Optimum strategy would then be to use electric drive during slow moving city traffic, for acceleration and for hill climbing and IC engines at cruising speeds on highways. This would also results in reduced pollution in cities, along with improved mileage.
The engine on the conventional car is sized for the peak power requirement, which is seldom required in actual practice. The hybrid car uses a much smaller engine, whose size is kept closer to the average power requirement rather than the peak power. A smaller engine is always more efficient due to the reason that it would run at its optimum capacity most of the time as compared to a bigger engine running at part load most of the time.
Electric motor helps in several ways:
1. Provides extra power when the car is accelerating or climbing a hill.
2. Starts the engine, eliminating the need for a separate starter.
3. Provide regenerative braking to capture energy during braking
This document summarizes thermoacoustic refrigeration. Thermoacoustic refrigerators use sound waves to drive a temperature gradient without ozone-depleting chemicals. They have a simple design with few moving parts, making them reliable and cost-efficient to produce. The main components are a loudspeaker driver, resonator tube filled with an inert gas, and a stack of small parallel channels that facilitate changes in pressure and flow velocity. As sound waves propagate through the system, a temperature difference is generated across the stack for cooling purposes. Potential applications include preserving samples in space, cooling electronics on submarines and ships, and replacing vapor-compression refrigerators.
Thermo acoustic refrigeration uses high intensity sound waves in a pressurized gas tube to pump heat from one place to another and produce a refrigeration effect without lubricants, resulting in 40% less energy consumption. It takes advantage of sound waves reverberating within devices to convert a temperature differential into mechanical energy or vice versa. Applications include liquefying natural gas, chip cooling, refrigerating food, and air conditioning buildings.
Stability analysis of open pit slope by finite difference methodeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes a pilot study on the relationship between indoor air quality, air quality index (AQI), and chronic health diseases. It finds that women and children are most vulnerable to poor indoor air quality because they spend more time at home. Activities like cooking with biomass fuels, smoking, incense burning, and mosquito coils negatively impact indoor air quality and increase respiratory symptoms and diseases like COPD. The study measures AQI, which ranges from 0-500, with higher numbers indicating more unhealthy air. It finds AQI is affected by particulate matter, SO2, and NOx levels from activities like cooking, heating, and consumer products. Poor indoor air quality poses health risks and is linked to increased mortality and
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The interconnecting mechanism for monitoring regular domestic conditioneSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analyzing the rainfall and temperature influence on municipal water consumpti...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Rule based messege filtering and blacklist management for online social networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design evaluation and optimization of steering yoke of an automobileeSAT Publishing House
This document describes research conducted to optimize the design of an automobile steering yoke through finite element analysis and experimental testing. The researchers created 3D models of the steering yoke in CATIA software and applied topology, shape, and size optimization techniques. They then conducted finite element analysis in HyperWorks to analyze von Mises stresses, displacement, and mass. Experimental testing was also performed on the steering yoke using a universal testing machine and strain gauges. The optimized design was found to have lower stresses, displacement, and mass than the original design, validating the finite element analysis model.
Performance of blended corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concreteeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses the performance of blended corrosion inhibitors for reinforced concrete. It summarizes the results of experiments conducted to evaluate the effect of a blend of calcium nitrite and calcium hypophosphite corrosion inhibitors on the physical properties and corrosion resistance of cement and concrete. The experiments found that the corrosion inhibitor blend did not adversely affect the setting time, pH, or compressive strength of cement or concrete. Electrochemical tests also showed that the corrosion inhibitor blend reduced the corrosion current density, demonstrating its potential to control corrosion initiation and propagation in reinforced concrete.
Prediction of friction factor and non dimensions numbers in force convectionIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on heat transfer in an insulated cylindrical pipe. The study measured parameters like Nusselt number, Reynolds number, and frictional factor under different flow conditions. Experiments were conducted with air flow through a 40mm diameter pipe with 5mm insulation. Measurements were taken for 1/3, 2/3, and full opening of a control valve, and results were validated against analytical calculations using common heat transfer equations. Experimental values matched well with theoretical predictions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A comparatively analysis of plate type H.E. and helical type H.E. using ANOVA...IRJET Journal
This document compares plate type and helical type heat exchangers using ANOVA analysis. It first describes the design and operation of each type of heat exchanger. It then outlines the methodology used, including equations for heat transfer coefficients and an overview of ANOVA analysis. The results section describes the design of each heat exchanger in CATIA software and presents graphs comparing their pressure drops and R2 regression factors. Finally, it concludes the plate heat exchanger offers advantages in terms of space, heat transfer efficiency, turbulence, flexibility and lifespan.
Heat transfer enhancement through different circular diametrical dimple surfa...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer enhancement through different circular diametrical dimple surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of Stainless Steel and Galvanised Iron with different circular diametrical dimples (like 11mm , 14mm ) for in-line arrangements were studied in forced convection with varying laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Reynolds Number, Nusselt number, Prandtl Number, Co-efficient of Friction, Heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.698) It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimple surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for larger diameter (14mm) of dimple. For circular dimples, heat transfer enhancements (relative to a flat plate) were observed for Reynolds number range from 350 to 550. Index Terms: Dimple plates, Forced Convection, Heat transfer Enhancement
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger ef...eSAT Publishing House
The document summarizes experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger with varying corrugation angles. Three plate heat exchangers were fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40, and 50 degrees. Experiments with water flow showed that pressure drop and friction factor are affected by the corrugation angle. Pressure drop increased linearly with Reynolds number and was highest for the 50 degree angle. Friction factor decreased linearly with Reynolds number on a logarithmic scale and was lowest for the 50 degree angle. The results indicate that higher corrugation angles induce more turbulence, increasing pressure drop but decreasing friction factor.
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract The corrugated plate heat exchangers are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sinusoidal plate heat exchangers are one of the types of corrugated plate heat exchanger. Limited research work has been carried out in this type of plate heat exchanger. In the present investigation, experimental studies have been carried out in a sinusoidal corrugated plate heat exchanger with water as the test fluid. The plate heat exchanger is fabricated with two stainless steel sheets having a thickness of 1 mm forming a test channel with a clearance of 5 mm and of length 30cm. 3 such plate heat exchangers have been fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40 and 50 degrees. It has been observed from the experimental results that the corrugation angle is mainly affecting the pressure drop and the friction factor. As the corrugation angle is increases, the pressure drop of the fluid is found to increase, which results in decrease in friction factor. These observations have been discussed in the paper. Keywords: sinusoidal plate heat exchanger, corrugation angle, pressure drop, and friction factor
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Finite element modeling for maximum temperature in friction stir welding of a...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Review on Effect of Chevron Angle and Numerical Investigation of Dimensionles...IRJET Journal
The document reviews the effect of chevron angle and numerical investigation of dimensionless numbers in plate heat exchangers. It discusses previous research that has examined heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops at different chevron angles. The paper aims to design a plate heat exchanger using different chevron angles and evaluate heat transfer performance through simulation analysis of numbers like Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Publishing House
The document experimentally studies heat transfer augmentation through various dimpled surface geometries under natural convection. It tests aluminum and copper plates with square, circular, and triangular dimple shapes. It finds that heat transfer rate, coefficient, and Nusselt number all increase for dimpled surfaces compared to plain surfaces, and are highest for triangular dimples with the apex facing inlet air flow. Heat transfer generally increases more for aluminum with square and triangular base dimples, while copper performs better with circular and triangular apex dimples. The study concludes dimples enhance heat transfer under natural convection compared to plain surfaces.
Heat transfer augmentation in different geometries of dimpled surface under n...eSAT Journals
Abstract The prime objective of present work is to study experimentally the heat transfer augmentation through various geometries of dimpled surfaces in longitudinal and lateral directions. In this paper horizontal rectangular plates of copper and aluminum with different dimpled geometries (like square, circular and triangular) for in-line arrangements were studied in natural convection with steady laminar external flow condition. The various parameters considered for study are Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate for a constant Prandtl number (0.7) and Grashof number (104-107).It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases for various dimpled surfaces as compared to plane surface. It has been also found that the heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate increases along longitudinal direction as compared to lateral direction. And it is seen that heat transfer rate is maximum for triangular shape dimple when the apex of triangle is faced towards inlet of air flow Finally it is concluded that heat transfer enhancement takes place along the dimpled surface
Analysis of Heat Generation in Double Pipe Heat Exchanger: An Experimental Ev...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on analyzing heat generation in a double pipe heat exchanger with an elliptical fin surface contact. An experiment was conducted to compare the heat transfer rate of an elliptical fin to other fin types (tube-tube, rectangular, annular, spiral rod). The results showed the elliptical fin had a higher heat transfer rate. The document reviews several other studies analyzing different fin geometries, heat transfer optimization techniques, and computational fluid dynamics simulations of heat exchangers. It provides background on analyzing heat exchangers using methods like logarithmic mean temperature difference and effectiveness-NTU and discusses prior work optimizing dimensions, materials, and flow conditions to improve heat transfer performance.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FOR LAMINAR FLOW IN AN...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of convection heat transfer for laminar flow in an inclined annulus. An annular copper pipe was exposed to a constant heat flux and rotated through inclination angles from 0° to 90° in 10° increments. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient decreased inversely with inclination angle, with a maximum 6.6% reduction at 90°. Reynolds number also decreased inversely with angle from 1750 to 1700. Experimental results closely matched a correlation up to 40° inclination. The study analyzed the effect of inclination angle on heat transfer in laminar flow through an annulus.
The document summarizes an experimental investigation of convection heat transfer for laminar flow in an inclined annulus. An annular copper pipe was exposed to a constant heat flux and rotated through inclination angles from 0° to 90° in 10° increments. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient decreased inversely with inclination angle, with a maximum 6.6% reduction at 90°. Reynolds number also decreased inversely with angle from 1750 to 1700. Experimental results closely matched a correlation up to 40° inclination. The study found inclination angle had a small effect on heat transfer for laminar flow in the annulus.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...iaemedu
The document describes a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution in a workpiece during surface grinding. It discusses how grinding parameters like wheel speed and depth of cut affect the heat flux and temperature rise in the workpiece. The model treats the grinding wheel as a moving heat source along the workpiece surface. Equations are provided to calculate the heat flux based on factors like tangential force and energy absorbed by the workpiece. The model was developed using finite element analysis to simulate temperature changes more accurately compared to previous analytical models.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution in a workpiece during surface grinding. It begins by reviewing how various grinding parameters affect temperature and describes modeling the grinding zone as a heat source moving along the workpiece. It then presents the developed finite element model, which calculates the heat flux into the workpiece based on grinding wheel speed, workpiece speed, and depth of cut. The model is used to simulate temperature distribution and predict maximum surface and subsurface temperatures under different grinding conditions. Results show highest temperatures occur at the trailing edge of the grinding contact area and just below the workpiece surface. The model provides a way to analyze thermal effects and optimize grinding parameters to control temperatures and residual stresses.
Model for prediction of temperature distribution in workpiece for surface gri...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a finite element model for predicting temperature distribution in a workpiece during surface grinding. It begins by reviewing how various grinding parameters affect temperature and describes modeling the grinding zone as a heat source moving along the workpiece. It then presents the developed finite element model, which calculates the heat flux into the workpiece based on grinding wheel speed, workpiece speed, and depth of cut. The model is used to simulate temperature distribution and predict maximum surface and subsurface temperatures under different grinding conditions. Results show highest temperatures occur at the trailing edge of the grinding contact area and just below the workpiece surface. The model provides a way to analyze thermal effects and optimize grinding parameters to control temperatures and residual stresses.
Model for prediction of temperature distributioniaemedu
This document summarizes a study on modeling temperature distribution in workpieces during surface grinding using finite element analysis. It begins by discussing how grinding parameters like wheel speed and depth of cut affect grinding temperatures. It then presents a thermal model that treats the grinding wheel as a moving heat source. The model calculates the heat flux entering the workpiece based on grinding energy. A finite element model is developed to simulate the grinding process and predict temperature distribution and maximum temperatures at different positions of the grinding wheel on the workpiece surface. Results show that maximum temperature occurs at the trailing edge of the grinding contact area and on the subsurface of the workpiece. The model provides a way to understand the grinding process and optimize parameters to control thermal loading and residual stresses
IRJET - Analysis of Forced Convection Heat Transfer to Improve the Thermal Pe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on improving heat transfer through forced convection using pipe inserts. It discusses heat transfer enhancement techniques used to increase turbulence and convection, including triangular fin inserts. The document reviews related studies on topics like twisted tape inserts, rib turbulators, mesh inserts, and more. It also outlines the experimental setup used, including a copper pipe test section with dimensions and thermocouple placement. The goal is to optimize heat transfer through forced convection while minimizing pressure drop.
An experimental study of heat transfer in a corrugated plate heat exchangerIAEME Publication
1. The document discusses an experimental study of heat transfer in a corrugated plate heat exchanger. Experiments were conducted to analyze heat transfer characteristics for different flow arrangements of hot and cold fluids through the heat exchanger.
2. The effectiveness and exergy loss of the heat exchanger were calculated for parallel and counter flow arrangements. The average effectiveness was found to be 48% higher and exergy loss 33% lower in the counter flow arrangement compared to the parallel flow arrangement.
3. Maximum heat transfer was observed at the highest hot fluid inlet temperature of 70°C, being 5% greater in the parallel flow arrangement. However, the non-dimensional exergy loss and log mean temperature difference were both lower in the
Similar to Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using deltaec (20)
Hudhud cyclone caused extensive damage in Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014, especially to tree cover. This will likely impact the local environment in several ways: increased air pollution as trees absorb less; higher temperatures without tree canopy; increased erosion and landslides. It also created large amounts of waste from destroyed trees. Proper management of solid waste is needed to prevent disease spread. Suggested measures include restoring damaged plants, building fountains to reduce heat, mandating light-colored buildings, improving waste management, and educating public on health risks. Overall, changes are needed to water, land, and waste practices to rebuild the environment after the cyclone removed green cover.
Impact of flood disaster in a drought prone area – case study of alampur vill...eSAT Publishing House
1) In September-October 2009, unprecedented heavy rainfall and dam releases caused widespread flooding in Alampur village in Mahabub Nagar district, a historically drought-prone area.
2) The flood damaged or destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure, crops, and documents. It displaced many residents and cut off the village.
3) The socioeconomic conditions and mud-based construction of homes in the village exacerbated the flood's impacts, making damage more severe and recovery more difficult.
The document summarizes the Hudhud cyclone that struck Visakhapatnam, India in October 2014. It describes the cyclone's formation, rapid intensification to winds of 175 km/h, and landfall near Visakhapatnam. The cyclone caused extensive damage estimated at over $1 billion and at least 109 deaths in India and Nepal. Infrastructure like buildings, bridges, and power lines were destroyed. Crops and fishing boats were also damaged. The document then discusses coping strategies and improvements needed to disaster management plans to better prepare for future cyclones.
Groundwater investigation using geophysical methods a case study of pydibhim...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes the results of a geophysical investigation using vertical electrical sounding (VES) methods at 13 locations around an industrial area in India. The VES data was interpreted to generate geo-electric sections and pseudo-sections showing subsurface resistivity variations. Three main layers were typically identified - a high resistivity topsoil, a weathered middle layer, and a basement rock. Pseudo-sections revealed relatively more weathered areas in the northwest and southwest. Resistivity sections helped identify zones of possible high groundwater potential based on low resistivity anomalies sandwiched between more resistive layers. The study concluded the electrical resistivity method was useful for understanding subsurface geology and identifying areas prospective for groundwater exploration.
Flood related disasters concerned to urban flooding in bangalore, indiaeSAT Publishing House
1. The document discusses urban flooding in Bangalore, India. It describes how factors like heavy rainfall, population growth, and improper land use have contributed to increased flooding in the city.
2. Flooding events in 2013 are analyzed in detail. A November rainfall caused runoff six times higher than the drainage capacity, inundating low-lying residential areas.
3. Impacts of urban flooding include disrupted daily life, damaged infrastructure, and decreased economic activity in affected areas. The document calls for improved flood management strategies to better mitigate urban flooding risks in Bangalore.
Enhancing post disaster recovery by optimal infrastructure capacity buildingeSAT Publishing House
This document discusses enhancing post-disaster recovery through optimal infrastructure capacity building. It presents a model to minimize the cost of meeting demand using auxiliary capacities when disaster damages infrastructure. The model uses genetic algorithms to select optimal capacity combinations. The document reviews how infrastructure provides vital services supporting recovery activities and discusses classifying infrastructure into six types. When disaster reduces infrastructure services, a gap forms between community demands and available support, hindering recovery. The proposed research aims to identify this gap and optimize capacity selection to fill it cost-effectively.
Effect of lintel and lintel band on the global performance of reinforced conc...eSAT Publishing House
This document analyzes the effect of lintels and lintel bands on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete masonry infilled frames through non-linear static pushover analysis. Four frame models are considered: a frame with a full masonry infill wall; a frame with a central opening but no lintel/band; a frame with a lintel above the opening; and a frame with a lintel band above the opening. The results show that the full infill wall model has 27% higher stiffness and 32% higher strength than the model with just an opening. Models with lintels or lintel bands have slightly higher strength and stiffness than the model with just an opening. The document concludes lintels and lintel
Wind damage to trees in the gitam university campus at visakhapatnam by cyclo...eSAT Publishing House
1) A cyclone with wind speeds of 175-200 kph caused massive damage to the green cover of Gitam University campus in Visakhapatnam, India. Thousands of trees were uprooted or damaged.
2) A study assessed different types of damage to trees from the cyclone, including defoliation, salt spray damage, damage to stems/branches, and uprooting. Certain tree species were more vulnerable than others.
3) The results of the study can help in selecting more wind-resistant tree species for future planting and reducing damage from future storms.
Wind damage to buildings, infrastrucuture and landscape elements along the be...eSAT Publishing House
1) A visual study was conducted to assess wind damage from Cyclone Hudhud along the 27km Visakha-Bheemli Beach road in Visakhapatnam, India.
2) Residential and commercial buildings suffered extensive roof damage, while glass facades on hotels and restaurants were shattered. Infrastructure like electricity poles and bus shelters were destroyed.
3) Landscape elements faced damage, including collapsed trees that damaged pavements, and debris in parks. The cyclone wiped out over half the city's green cover and caused beach erosion around protected areas.
1) The document reviews factors that influence the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams, including compressive strength of concrete, percentage of tension reinforcement, vertical and horizontal web reinforcement, aggregate interlock, shear span-to-depth ratio, loading distribution, side cover, and beam depth.
2) It finds that compressive strength of concrete, tension reinforcement percentage, and web reinforcement all increase shear strength, while shear strength decreases as shear span-to-depth ratio increases.
3) The distribution and amount of vertical and horizontal web reinforcement also affects shear strength, but closely spaced stirrups do not necessarily enhance capacity or performance.
Role of voluntary teams of professional engineers in dissater management – ex...eSAT Publishing House
1) A team of 17 professional engineers from various disciplines called the "Griha Seva" team volunteered after the 2001 Gujarat earthquake to provide technical assistance.
2) The team conducted site visits, assessments, testing and recommended retrofitting strategies for damaged structures in Bhuj and Ahmedabad. They were able to fully assess and retrofit 20 buildings in Ahmedabad.
3) Factors observed that exacerbated the earthquake's impacts included unplanned construction, non-engineered buildings, improper prior retrofitting, and defective materials and workmanship. The professional engineers' technical expertise was crucial for effective post-disaster management.
This document discusses risk analysis and environmental hazard management. It begins by defining risk, hazard, and toxicity. It then outlines the steps involved in hazard identification, including HAZID, HAZOP, and HAZAN. The document presents a case study of a hypothetical gas collecting station, identifying potential accidents and hazards. It discusses quantitative and qualitative approaches to risk analysis, including calculating a fire and explosion index. The document concludes by discussing hazard management strategies like preventative measures, control measures, fire protection, relief operations, and the importance of training personnel on safety.
Review study on performance of seismically tested repaired shear wallseSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes research on the performance of reinforced concrete shear walls that have been repaired after damage. It begins with an introduction to shear walls and their failure modes. The literature review then discusses the behavior of original shear walls as well as different repair techniques tested by other researchers, including conventional repair with new concrete, jacketing with steel plates or concrete, and use of fiber reinforced polymers. The document focuses on evaluating the strength retention of shear walls after being repaired with various methods.
Monitoring and assessment of air quality with reference to dust particles (pm...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on monitoring and assessing air quality with respect to dust particles (PM10 and PM2.5) in the urban environment of Visakhapatnam, India. Sampling was conducted in residential, commercial, and industrial areas from October 2013 to August 2014. The average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were within limits in residential areas but moderate to high in commercial and industrial areas. Exceedance factor levels indicated moderate pollution for residential areas and moderate to high pollution for commercial and industrial areas. There is a need for management measures like improved public transport and green spaces to combat particulate air pollution in the study areas.
Low cost wireless sensor networks and smartphone applications for disaster ma...eSAT Publishing House
This document describes a low-cost wireless sensor network and smartphone application system for disaster management. The system uses an Arduino-based wireless sensor network comprising nodes with various sensors to monitor the environment. The sensor data is transmitted to a central gateway and then to the cloud for analysis. A smartphone app connected to the cloud can detect disasters from the sensor data and send real-time alerts to users to help with early evacuation. The system aims to provide low-cost localized disaster detection and warnings to improve safety.
Coastal zones – seismic vulnerability an analysis from east coast of indiaeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes an analysis of seismic vulnerability along the east coast of India. It discusses the geotectonic setting of the region as a passive continental margin and reports some moderate seismic activity from offshore in recent decades. While seismic stability cannot be assumed given events like the 2004 tsunami, no major earthquakes have been recorded along this coast historically. The document calls for further study of active faults, neotectonics, and implementation of improved seismic building codes to mitigate vulnerability.
Can fracture mechanics predict damage due disaster of structureseSAT Publishing House
This document discusses how fracture mechanics can be used to better predict damage and failure of structures. It notes that current design codes are based on small-scale laboratory tests and do not account for size effects, which can lead to more brittle failures in larger structures. The document outlines how fracture mechanics considers factors like size effect, ductility, and minimum reinforcement that influence the strength and failure behavior of structures. It provides examples of how fracture mechanics has been applied to problems like evaluating shear strength in deep beams and investigating a failure of an oil platform structure. The document argues that fracture mechanics provides a more scientific basis for structural design compared to existing empirical code provisions.
This document discusses the assessment of seismic susceptibility of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. It begins with an introduction to earthquakes and the importance of vulnerability assessment in mitigating earthquake risks and losses. It then describes modeling the nonlinear behavior of RC building elements and performing pushover analysis to evaluate building performance. The document outlines modeling RC frames and developing moment-curvature relationships. It also summarizes the results of pushover analyses on sample 2D and 3D RC frames with and without shear walls. The conclusions emphasize that pushover analysis effectively assesses building properties but has limitations, and that capacity spectrum method provides appropriate results for evaluating building response and retrofitting impact.
A geophysical insight of earthquake occurred on 21 st may 2014 off paradip, b...eSAT Publishing House
1) A 6.0 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Paradip, Odisha in the Bay of Bengal on May 21, 2014 at a depth of around 40 km.
2) Analysis of magnetic and bathymetric data from the area revealed the presence of major lineaments in NW-SE and NE-SW directions that may be responsible for seismic activity through stress release.
3) Movements along growth faults at the margins of large Bengal channels, due to large sediment loads, could also contribute to seismic events by triggering movements along the faults.
Effect of hudhud cyclone on the development of visakhapatnam as smart and gre...eSAT Publishing House
This document discusses the effects of Cyclone Hudhud on the development of Visakhapatnam as a smart and green city through a case study and preliminary surveys. The surveys found that 31% of participants had experienced cyclones, 9% floods, and 59% landslides previously in Visakhapatnam. Awareness of disaster alarming systems increased from 14% before the 2004 tsunami to 85% during Cyclone Hudhud, while awareness of disaster management systems increased from 50% before the tsunami to 94% during Hudhud. The surveys indicate that initiatives after the tsunami improved awareness and preparedness. Developing Visakhapatnam as a smart, green city should consider governance
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Home security is of paramount importance in today's world, where we rely more on technology, home
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Theoretical investigations on standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover using deltaec
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 562
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON STANDING WAVE
THERMOACOUSTIC PRIME MOVER USING DELTAEC
Ajinkya Sarode1
, Vijay Dighe2
, Vinay Ingle3
, Nilesh Kolekar4
1
M.Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT),
Surat, Gujarat, India
2
M.Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT),
Surat, Gujarat, India
3
M.Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT),
Surat, Gujarat, India
4
M.Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT),
Surat, Gujarat, India
Abstract
Thermoacoustic is a field of science and technology that studies heat and sound interactions. It deals with the conversion of thermal
energy into acoustical energy and vice-versa. Thermoacoustic prime mover is an attractive alternative for a conventional pressure
wave generator to drive cryocooler which attains cryogenic temperature below 123K to liquefy gases, to produce ultra-vacuum, etc.
Also, it can be used to produce electricity with the help of thermoacoustic electric generator. The cooling effect generated by
thermoacoustic refrigerator can be used in areas where there is no supply of electricity. The advantages of thermoacoustic prime
mover lie in its less complicated construction, absence of any moving part and use of environmental friendly gases as a working
medium. Number of simulations using gases such as He, Ar, N2 and He-Ar mixture were carried out in DeltaEC to investigate the
performance of the prime mover in terms of pressure amplitude, onset temperature and resonating frequency. Input parameters like
working pressure and heat input was varied to observe the effect on the performance of the prime mover. The results showed that as
the working pressure increased, the pressure amplitude and onset temperature also increased. Similar effect was observed in case of
heat input. Unlike pressure amplitude and onset temperature, resonating frequency does not depend on working pressure and heat
input. It is controlled by the working gas and the geometry of the prime mover. Also the type of the working gas has a profound impact
on the performance of the prime mover. Simulations also demonstrated that a mixture of He-Ar can be used to get the optimum output
from the prime mover.
Keywords: Thermoacoustic prime mover, onset temperature, pressure amplitude, resonating frequency, DeltaEC.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The thermodynamic interaction between acoustics and solid
surfaces that possess a temperature gradient is termed as
thermoacoustic effect. Recent years has witnessed a rapid
developed in thermoacoustic technology. Devices such as
thermoacoustic engine, thermoacoustic refrigerator and thermo
acoustically driven pulse tube cryocoolers are the outcomes of
this field. Thermoacoustic engines convert thermal energy into
acoustic power in the form of high amplitude sound waves.
The heat transfer from the working fluid to stack and vice
versa gives rise to thermoacoustic oscillations. This acoustic
power is used to drive thermoacoustic pulse tube cryocooler
thermoacoustic refrigerators and thermoacoustic electric
generators. Eradication of mechanical pistons such as
compressors, use of environment friendly gases as working
medium and no maintenance are the important reasons for the
increasing interest in thermoacoustics. The performance of the
standing wave thermoacoustic engine depends on number of
parameters like working fluid, heat input, working pressure,
geometry of the prime mover, etc. Gases such as helium (He),
nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), carbon-dioxide (CO2) and their
mixtures are used as the working fluid in the thermoacoustic
prime mover. The aim of this report is to theoretically
investigate the effect of working pressure, working fluid and
heat input through simulation using DeltaEC software.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 563
2. SIMULATION IN DELTAEC
DeltaEC (Design Environment for Low Amplitude
Thermoacoustic Energy Conversion) developed by Ward and
Swift is used to investigate the performance of the
thermoacoustic prime mover. The prime mover is simulated in
DeltaEC and the performance is evaluated using various gases
at different pressures and heat input. The half wave standing
thermoacoustic prime mover consists of parts such as hot heat
exchanger, cold heat exchanger, stack, resonator and working
gas. as shown in the schematic diagram Figure 1 [1].
2.1 Heat Exchangers
The hot and cold heat exchanger plays an important role in
maintaining a temperature gradient across the stack of the
prime mover. The hot heat exchanger supplies heat to the
working fluid and the cold heat exchanger draws the heat from
the working fluid. The heat transfer coefficient should be high
to provide efficient heat transfer. The porosity of the cold heat
exchanger and the stack should be same to avoid entrance
losses of gas parcels.
Parallel plate type heat exchangers made of copper and having
a porosity of 0.4 is used for hot heat exchanger and 0.6 for
cold heat exchanger in the simulation. To ensure effective heat
transfer from hot heat exchanger to the working gas, its
porosity is kept low. The porosity or blockage ratio (BR) is
defined as the ratio of area through which the gas is passing to
the total area of the heat exchanger. The porosity of any heat
exchanger is given by the following equation,
𝐵𝑅 =
𝑦0
𝑦0 + 𝑙
(1)
Where, y0 and l are half of the plate spacing and plate
thickness respectively [2].
2.2 Stack
Stack is the most important component of the prime mover as
it is the source of the thermoacoustic oscillations. It should
have high heat capacity to maintain constant temperature
gradient and low thermal conductivity to avoid axial heat
conduction from hot heat exchanger to cold heat exchanger.
The position of the stack in the prime mover should be such
that the magnitude of gas velocity amplitude should be low to
reduce the viscous losses. The minimum plate spacing of the
stack depends on thermal penetration depth (δk) and it is
generally kept as 2-3 times of δk to have imperfect thermal
contact between gas and plate in order to have phase
difference in case of standing wave thermoacoustic prime
mover. Thermal penetration depth is defined as the distance
through which the diffusion of heat can take place to the gas.
In the simulation, stack made of stainless steel is used which is
a parallel plate type having BR same as that of the cold heat
exchanger.
The expression for the thermal penetration depth (δk) is given
by,
𝛿 𝑘 =
2𝑘
𝜔𝜌𝑐 𝑝
(2)
Where, k , 𝜔, 𝜌, 𝑐 𝑝 are thermal conductivity, angular
frequency, density and specific heat at constant pressure of
gas, respectively.
The thermal efficiency of the thermoacoustic prime mover is
the ratio of normalized acoustic power developed by the
engine to the total power supplied to the engine through hot
heat exchanger and it is given as, [3]
𝜂𝑡ℎ =
Δ𝐸
𝐻
(3)
Normalised acoustic power is given by,
Δ𝐸 =
1
4𝛾
𝛿 𝑘𝑛 𝐷𝑅2
[𝐵𝑅 𝛾 − 1 cos2
𝑥 𝑛 (
Γ
1+ 𝜎 Λ
− 1)
−
sin 2 𝑥 𝑛 𝜎
𝐵𝑅×Λ
] (4)
Nomenclature
BR blockage ratio H normalised total power flux through stack(W)
y0 half of plate spacing(m) γ ratio of isobaric to isochoric specific heat
l half of plate thickness(m) R inner radius of resonator pipe(m)
δk thermal penetration depth (m) Γ normalised temperature gradient
k thermal conductivity(W/mK) σ Prandtl number
ω angular frequency(radian) 𝛿 𝑘𝑛 normalised thermal penetration depth
ρ density of gas(kg/m3
) 𝑥 𝑛 normalised stack centre position
cp specific heat of gas(J/kgk) 𝛿 𝑣𝑛 normalised viscous penetration depth
𝜂𝑡ℎ thermal efficiency ∆𝑇𝑛 normalised temperature difference
Δ𝐸 acoustic power generated from the stack(W) a acoustic velocity(m/s)
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 564
𝐻 =
1
8𝛾
𝛿 𝑘𝑛 DR2sin 2𝑥 𝑛
1+𝜎 Λ
×[Γ
1+ 𝜎+𝜎
1+ 𝜎
−
1 + 𝜎 − 𝛿 𝑣𝑛 ] (5)
Λ = 1 − 𝜎𝛿 𝑘𝑛 +
1
2
𝜎𝛿 𝑘𝑛
2
(6)
Γ =
∆𝑇𝑛
𝐵𝑅 𝛾−1 𝐿 𝑠𝑛 cot 𝑥 𝑛
(7)
Multiplication of wave number (𝜔/𝑎) to the actual stack
position and length gives the normalized stack position and
length. The ratio of penetration depth to y0 gives the
normalized penetration depth.
2.3 Resonator
A resonant tube is also an important part of an engine as it
decides the resonant frequency and velocity and pressure
profiles. It is a smooth, linear cylindrical pipe without steps,
misalignments and abrupt transitions connected after cold heat
exchanger to avoid unwanted eddying or non-linear pressure
variations that can greatly complicate the analysis. It is a long
pipe where oscillating gas and sound wave are in resonance.
The material of the resonator should have high impedance so
that it will behave as a rigid boundary and will minimize the
viscous losses. Also, to avoid axial heat conduction the
material should have less thermal conductivity.
Hence, in simulation resonator made of stainless steel is used.
Resonator losses such as thermal and viscous losses are
directly proportional to its surface area [4]. Also, if the length
of the resonator is too long compared to stack, the prime
mover may oscillate in its second node and increase the losses
[5]. Thus, in order to minimise the losses, it is preferred to use
resonator having less surface area.
2.4 Working Gas
The performance of the thermoacoustic prime mover highly
depends on the properties of the working gas. Prandtl number
which gives the relation between viscous penetration depth to
thermal penetration depth plays an important role in evaluating
the performance of the engine. Generally, gases having low
Prandtl number and high ratio of specific heat are suitable for
thermoacoustic engine in order to reduce the viscous losses. In
order to optimize the properties of the working fluid, mixtures
are used in appropriate compositions. In this simulation, gases
such as Helium, Nitrogen, Argon and He-Ar mixture are used
to compare the performance of the engine.
Figure 2 shows the model of the thermoacoustic prime mover
used during the simulation in DeltaEC.
Fig -1: Schematic diagram of Standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover
Fig -2: Model of Standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover in DeltaEC
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 565
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The model shown in Fig. 2 of the standing wave
thermoacoustic prime mover was simulated using DeltaEC.
The performance of the engine was evaluated in terms of
pressure amplitude, onset temperature and resonant frequency
by varying working pressure, working gas and heat input.
3.1 Effect of Working Pressure
The variation in working pressure has an effect on the pressure
amplitude, onset temperature and resonating frequency of the
prime mover. This variation is compared for He, N2, Ar and
He-Ar mixture. During this simulation, the cold end
temperature was maintained to 303 K and the heat input to the
system was kept constant at 1500W.
3.1.1 Pressure Amplitude
As shown in Graph. 1, the pressure amplitude for various
gases has been plotted with respect to working pressure.
Graph- 1: Effect of working pressure on pressure amplitude
It can be seen that as the working pressure increases, the
pressure amplitude increases. Also, this trend is followed by
all the gases used in simulation. At any working pressure, the
maximum pressure amplitude achieved is for Ar, followed by
N2 and least for He. The present trend matches with the trend
observed during the experiments performed by Hao et.al on
standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover [6].
3.1.2 Onset Temperature
The Graph. 2, shows the behaviour of the onset temperature
for Ar, He and N2 as the working pressure varies. The onset
temperature of any working gas can be defined as that
temperature at which the thermoacoustic phenomenon begins
in the prime mover.
Graph-2: Effect of working pressure on onset temperature
The graph depicts that as the working pressure increases, the
onset temperature of the gases increases. This pattern is
followed by all the three gases. Maximum onset temperature is
for Ar, followed by N2 and minimum for He. Similar
comparison was observed by Hao et.al [6]
3.1.3 Resonant Frequency
Graph. 3 shows the variation of the resonant frequency with
respect to working pressure.
Graph- 3: Effect of working pressure on resonant frequency
It is seen from the graph that there is negligible effect of the
working pressure on resonant frequency. The same trend is
followed for He, N2 and Ar gases, among which helium has
the highest value, while nitrogen and argon has almost same
value. The trend observed through simulation is similar to the
trend obtained by Hao et.al during the experiments [6]. The
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 566
main reason behind this behaviour is that the resonant
frequency depends on the type of the gas and geometry of the
prime mover and not on the working pressure [5].
3.2 Effect of Heat Input
In addition to the working pressure, variation in heat input to
the prime mover also has a significant effect on its
performance. Throughout the simulation, He was used as the
working gas and the temperature of cold heat exchanger was
maintained at a constant temperature of 303 K.
3.2.1 Pressure Amplitude
The Graph. 4 shows the variation of pressure amplitude at
different working pressures as the heat input to the system
varies.
Graph- 4: Effect of heat input on pressure amplitude
From the graph, it can be seen that as the heat input increases,
the pressure amplitude increases significantly. This trend is
followed at all working pressures. Chen et.al observed similar
trend in his work on thermoacoustic engines [7]. This is
obvious as more heat energy is available for conversion into
acoustic power.
3.2.2 Onset Temperature
Graph 4 shows the variation of onset temperature with respect
to heat input at different working pressures.
It can be seen from the graph that as the heat input increases,
the onset temperature increases gradually. At all working
pressures, the same behaviour of onset temperature was
observed. In other words it can be said that higher rate of heat
transfer leads to higher onset temperature [5].
Graph- 5: Effect of heat input on onset temperature
3.2.3 Resonant Frequency
The effect of heat input on resonant frequency is shown in
Graph. 6.
Graph- 6: Effect of heat input on resonant frequency
The graph depicts that the variation in heat input has
negligible effect on the frequency. And also same trend was
observed at all the working pressures.
3.3 Effect of He-Ar Mixture
Most of the times, it is preferred to use mixture of various
gases as the working fluid in the prime mover. It helps to
utilize the beneficial properties of both the gases. In this
simulation, binary mixture of He-Ar was used to evaluate the
performance of the engine in terms of pressure amplitude,
onset temperature and frequency.
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 567
3.3.1 Pressure Amplitude
Graph. 6 shows the impact of mole fraction of Helium in He-
Ar mixture on the pressure amplitude at different working
pressure.
Graph- 7: Effect of mole fraction of He on pressure amplitude
As the mole fraction of He in the mixture goes on increasing,
the pressure amplitude of the engine goes on reducing [6].
This means that more the amount of Argon in the mixture
more will be the pressure amplitude. Similar trend is observed
at all working pressures.
3.3.2 Onset Temperature
The Graph. 8 shows the variation of onset temperature as the
mole fraction of He in the mixture increases.
Graph- 8: Effect of mole fraction of He on onset temperature
It can be seen that as the mole fraction of He in the mixture
increases, the onset temperature keeps on reducing [6]. The
change in onset temperature is significant in the range of 0%-
60% mole fraction of He. The same pattern is observed at
different working pressures.
3.3.3 Resonant Frequency
As shown in Graph. 9, the effect of mole fraction of He on the
resonant frequency has been plotted.
Graph- 8: Effect of mole fraction of He on resonant
Frequency
Graph shows that the resonant frequency increases as the mole
fraction of He increases. It also shows that the resonant
frequency is independent of working pressure.
4. CONCLUSIONS
In the present work of simulation using DeltaEC, it can be
concluded that Argon has the maximum pressure amplitude at
all working pressures, while Helium has the minimum
pressure amplitude. But, in case of Argon the onset
temperature is high as compared to Helium and Nitrogen. So,
it becomes unfavourable to use Argon as working gas in the
prime mover when a low grade form of heat energy is used as
a source of heat to the prime mover. Therefore, to get a
balance between onset temperature and pressure amplitude, a
mixture of He-Ar can be used in appropriate composition.
Graphs show that a mixture in the range of 40%-60% mole
fraction of He has the lowest onset temperature, which states
that it is the most suitable composition of He-Ar mixture for
low grade supply of energy such as solar energy, biomass and
waste heat exhaust from internal combustion engine [8].
Resonant frequency depends only on the working gas and is
completely independent of working pressure and heat input to
the prime mover.
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | Apr-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 568
For He, Ar and N2, both pressure amplitude and onset
temperature increases with increase in working pressure and
heat input. To put up in a nut shell, depending on the required
output and grade of heat energy available, the working gas
should be selected wisely.
REFERENCES
[1] Mehta SM, Desai KP, Naik HB, Atrey MD, “Design of
Standing Wave Type Thermoacoustic Prime Mover for
300Hz Operating Frequency”, 2012, PhD Thesis,
SVNIT, INDIA.
[2] Ishikawa H, Hobson PA, “Optimization of heat
exchanger design in a thermoacoustic engine using a
second law analysis”, International Community Heat
and Mass Transfer 1996, pp. 325-34
[3] Swift GW, “Thermoacoustic: A Unifying perspective
for some engines and refrigerators”, 5th
Edition, New
York, Melville, Los Alamos National Laboratory,
2001.
[4] Hariharan NM, Sivashanmugam P, Kasthurirengan S,
“Effect of resonator length and working fluid on the
performance of twin thermoacoustic heat engine-
Experimental and simulation studies”, Computers and
fluids, Vol. 75, 2013, pp.51-55.
[5] Shuliang Zhou, Yoichi Matsubara, “Experimental
research of thermoacoustic prime mover”, Cryogenics
387, 1998, pp.813-822.
[6] Hao XH, Ju YL, Upendra Behera, Kasthurirengan S,
“Influence of working fluid on the performance of a
standing wave thermoacoustic prime mover”,
Cryogenics 51, 2011, pp.559-561.
[7] Tang K, Chen GB, Jin T, Bao R, Li XM, “Performance
comparison of thermoacoustic engines with constant
diameter resonant tube and tapered resonant tube”,
Cryogenics 46, 2006, pp.699-704.
[8] Gardner DL, Howard CQ, “Waste heat driven
thermoacoustic engine and refrigerator”, Proceedings
of Acoustics, Adelaide, Australia 2009.
BIOGRAPHIES
Name: Ajinkya Sarode, Currently pursuing
M.Tech in SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat (INDIA) in
the field of Thermal System Design. My area
of research is thermoacoustic, heat transfer and
renewable energy resources.
Name: Vijay Dighe, Currently pursuing
M.Tech in SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat (INDIA) in
the field of Thermal System Design. Research
area is heat transfer and thermoacoustic.
Name: Vinay Ingle, Currently pursuing
M.Tech in SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat (INDIA) in
the field of Thermal System Design. I am
interested in thermoacoustic and cryocoolers.
Name: Nilesh Kolekar, Currently pursuing
M.Tech in SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat (INDIA) in
the field of Thermal System Design.
Thermoacoustics and refrigeration are my key
areas of interest.