Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable r...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in association to existing one to use through of the year. The system have generally desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils and cooling coil. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the out let condition will be fixed 25 dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity. In the present paper, for maintaining room condition thermodynamic simulation is being done. If rotational speed of desiccant wheel is changed, the year round air conditioning equipments change own parameter to maintain the room condition .The paper also shows the variation in supply condition of air, volume of cellulose cooling pad of evaporating cooler, temperature of cooling coil in hot and wet weather conditions with respect to rotational speed of desiccant wheel (6 to 24rph).The outlet temperature of desiccant wheel increases 52.96 to 63.28°C.The efficiency of desiccant wheel increases where as saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler decreases. The volume of cooling pad decreases from 547.99 to 439.54 cm3 w.r.t. the rotational speed of desiccant wheel. The DBT and the specific humidity of supply air remain constant with the change of rotational speed of desiccant wheel. Key Words: Heating coil, Cooling coil, Desiccant Wheel, Cellulose cooling pad, Supply condition.
Reducing And Analysizing of Flow Accelerated Corrosion at Thermal Power Plant...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to Reducing and Analysing of Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Thermal Plant Heat Recovery Steam Generators. All these studies have been performed in a new and 16 year-old established Combined Cycle Power Plants in Turkey. Corrosion cases have been investigated due to Mechanical Outage Reports at Power Plant in 2011-2015. Flow Accelerated Corrosion study has been based on specific zone related with Economizer Low Pressure connection pipings. It was issued a performance report. Results and lessons learnt from these studies will be used as a preventive action manner in all similar Plants
Thermodynamic simulation of year round air conditioning system for variable r...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a study on different kinds of air conditioning systems in association to existing one to use through of the year. The system have generally desiccant wheel, evaporative cooler, heating coils and cooling coil. Mainly the system imparts all three regular weather conditions. Like hot and dry, hot and wet and cool and dry. For this the out let condition will be fixed 25 dry bulb temperature (DBT) and 50% relative humidity. In the present paper, for maintaining room condition thermodynamic simulation is being done. If rotational speed of desiccant wheel is changed, the year round air conditioning equipments change own parameter to maintain the room condition .The paper also shows the variation in supply condition of air, volume of cellulose cooling pad of evaporating cooler, temperature of cooling coil in hot and wet weather conditions with respect to rotational speed of desiccant wheel (6 to 24rph).The outlet temperature of desiccant wheel increases 52.96 to 63.28°C.The efficiency of desiccant wheel increases where as saturation efficiency of evaporative cooler decreases. The volume of cooling pad decreases from 547.99 to 439.54 cm3 w.r.t. the rotational speed of desiccant wheel. The DBT and the specific humidity of supply air remain constant with the change of rotational speed of desiccant wheel. Key Words: Heating coil, Cooling coil, Desiccant Wheel, Cellulose cooling pad, Supply condition.
Reducing And Analysizing of Flow Accelerated Corrosion at Thermal Power Plant...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to Reducing and Analysing of Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Thermal Plant Heat Recovery Steam Generators. All these studies have been performed in a new and 16 year-old established Combined Cycle Power Plants in Turkey. Corrosion cases have been investigated due to Mechanical Outage Reports at Power Plant in 2011-2015. Flow Accelerated Corrosion study has been based on specific zone related with Economizer Low Pressure connection pipings. It was issued a performance report. Results and lessons learnt from these studies will be used as a preventive action manner in all similar Plants
Conjugate Heat transfer Analysis of helical fins with airfoil cross-section a...IJERA Editor
Air Cooled Engines have been used in a variety of applications, ranging from airplanes to motorbikes and even stationary or portable engines. Since modern automobiles and airplanes use engines delivering more power, they have to be cooled more efficiently due to which a more complex water cooling system is used for cooling engines with large displacements. Hence air cooling is becoming a thing of the past, especially in the aviation sector due to the advent of more efficient gas turbine engines. However air cooled internal combustion engines are still being used in a wide variety of two-wheelers ranging from small single cylinder engines to heavy duty liter class V-twins and Inline fours, due to the non-practicalities associated with the installment of a bulky water cooling system in two-wheelers. So one can ascertain that there is a scope for improving the efficiency of air cooled engines even further. The objective of this paper is to analyze currently existing fin design employed in most of the air cooled engines and improve it by changing the cross-section to a streamlined one and also making the fins in a helical orientation as opposed to the regular circular fins employed. Our analysis comprises of a computational fluid dynamics study of both the fin models with identical dimensions and simulated in the same environment using ANSYS FLUENT 15 software and we attempt to compare their performance using the temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution plots obtained.
Experimental Investigation of Finned Tube Heat ExchangerAM Publications
As far today's demand is to manufacture a compact car so there is an urgent need to design an effective
heat exchanger. In this paper the effect of finned heat exchanger over a without finned heat exchanger on overall
heat transfer coefficient is studied. The overall heat transfer coefficient is studied for both heat exchanger with air
velocity 3m/s, 4m/s, 5m/s and 6m/s and coolant flow 180 Lit/hr, 260 Lit/hr , 340 Lit/hr, 420 Lit/hr ad 500 Lit/hr.
Finned-tube heat exchangers are common and vital components in many energy systems Fin-and-tube heat
exchangers are widely used in several domains such as heating, ventilating, refrigeration and air conditioning systems
The fin performance is commonly expressed in terms of heat transfer coefficient and fin effectiveness, which is
defined as the ratio of the heat transfer rate with fin to the heat transfer rate in without fin heat exchanger. This case
is the one providing the maximum heat transfer rate because this corresponds to the maximum driving potential
(temperature difference) for convection heat transfer. The research work summarized in this presents a combined
analytical, experimental and numerical investigation of Overall heat transfer coefficient of coolant as water by use of
circular finned tube heat exchanger and without fin tube exchanger with force convection. The heat transfer and
pressure drop results for the pin fin heat exchanger were compared with the results for a smooth-pipe heat exchanger.
The experimental system is quite similar to cars' cooling system. The compares the heat transfer coefficient, pressure
drop, overall heat transfer coefficient with the finned tube heat exchanger and without finned tube heat exchanger.
From the experiment Finned-tube heat exchanger gives the overall heat transfer coefficient 14.07W/m2K.
Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in ...YogeshIJTSRD
The current presents looks at exhaust gases potential to recover low grade waste heat energy from internal combustion engines ICEs . A Prolonged Fin Counter Flow Heat Exchange PFCHE double tube was planned, analyzed, and supplied with water as working fluids to achieve this objective. The structure of a double pipe, Protracted Fin Heat Exchanger PFCHE , which performs a simulation study, is derived with exact measurements from one by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 research scholar, and then different shapes of the fin profiles were introduced in the designs suggested. The Fluent 17.0 is used for numerical analysis. The CFD results showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin, and previous studies by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin. When compared to the PFCHE with circular fin, the PFCHE net heat transfer rate is 1.76 percent higher and 2.82 percent higher than Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 report. Prof. Ranjeet Arya | Rahul Ade "Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in Diesel Engine Exhaust using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39939.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/39939/thermal-characteristics-of-different-shaped-fin-protracted-heat-exchanger-in-diesel-engine-exhaust-using-cfd/prof-ranjeet-arya
THERMAL & STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON DISC BRAKE ROTOR WITH DRAFTING USING CATIA ...NitinSuryawanshi12
Project consist of two types of analysis thermal , structural & VBA Programming.
Thermal analysis is done to check the thermal resistance of model Honda Unicorn 160.
Structural analysis is done to find the strength of the model.
VBA programming is used to automate drafting task.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Conjugate Heat transfer Analysis of helical fins with airfoil cross-section a...IJERA Editor
Air Cooled Engines have been used in a variety of applications, ranging from airplanes to motorbikes and even stationary or portable engines. Since modern automobiles and airplanes use engines delivering more power, they have to be cooled more efficiently due to which a more complex water cooling system is used for cooling engines with large displacements. Hence air cooling is becoming a thing of the past, especially in the aviation sector due to the advent of more efficient gas turbine engines. However air cooled internal combustion engines are still being used in a wide variety of two-wheelers ranging from small single cylinder engines to heavy duty liter class V-twins and Inline fours, due to the non-practicalities associated with the installment of a bulky water cooling system in two-wheelers. So one can ascertain that there is a scope for improving the efficiency of air cooled engines even further. The objective of this paper is to analyze currently existing fin design employed in most of the air cooled engines and improve it by changing the cross-section to a streamlined one and also making the fins in a helical orientation as opposed to the regular circular fins employed. Our analysis comprises of a computational fluid dynamics study of both the fin models with identical dimensions and simulated in the same environment using ANSYS FLUENT 15 software and we attempt to compare their performance using the temperature and heat transfer coefficient distribution plots obtained.
Experimental Investigation of Finned Tube Heat ExchangerAM Publications
As far today's demand is to manufacture a compact car so there is an urgent need to design an effective
heat exchanger. In this paper the effect of finned heat exchanger over a without finned heat exchanger on overall
heat transfer coefficient is studied. The overall heat transfer coefficient is studied for both heat exchanger with air
velocity 3m/s, 4m/s, 5m/s and 6m/s and coolant flow 180 Lit/hr, 260 Lit/hr , 340 Lit/hr, 420 Lit/hr ad 500 Lit/hr.
Finned-tube heat exchangers are common and vital components in many energy systems Fin-and-tube heat
exchangers are widely used in several domains such as heating, ventilating, refrigeration and air conditioning systems
The fin performance is commonly expressed in terms of heat transfer coefficient and fin effectiveness, which is
defined as the ratio of the heat transfer rate with fin to the heat transfer rate in without fin heat exchanger. This case
is the one providing the maximum heat transfer rate because this corresponds to the maximum driving potential
(temperature difference) for convection heat transfer. The research work summarized in this presents a combined
analytical, experimental and numerical investigation of Overall heat transfer coefficient of coolant as water by use of
circular finned tube heat exchanger and without fin tube exchanger with force convection. The heat transfer and
pressure drop results for the pin fin heat exchanger were compared with the results for a smooth-pipe heat exchanger.
The experimental system is quite similar to cars' cooling system. The compares the heat transfer coefficient, pressure
drop, overall heat transfer coefficient with the finned tube heat exchanger and without finned tube heat exchanger.
From the experiment Finned-tube heat exchanger gives the overall heat transfer coefficient 14.07W/m2K.
Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in ...YogeshIJTSRD
The current presents looks at exhaust gases potential to recover low grade waste heat energy from internal combustion engines ICEs . A Prolonged Fin Counter Flow Heat Exchange PFCHE double tube was planned, analyzed, and supplied with water as working fluids to achieve this objective. The structure of a double pipe, Protracted Fin Heat Exchanger PFCHE , which performs a simulation study, is derived with exact measurements from one by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 research scholar, and then different shapes of the fin profiles were introduced in the designs suggested. The Fluent 17.0 is used for numerical analysis. The CFD results showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin, and previous studies by Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 showing that the PFCHE with triangular fin outperforms the PFCHE with circular fin. When compared to the PFCHE with circular fin, the PFCHE net heat transfer rate is 1.76 percent higher and 2.82 percent higher than Rajesh Ravi et al. 2020 report. Prof. Ranjeet Arya | Rahul Ade "Thermal Characteristics of Different Shaped Fin Protracted Heat Exchanger in Diesel Engine Exhaust using CFD" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39939.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/39939/thermal-characteristics-of-different-shaped-fin-protracted-heat-exchanger-in-diesel-engine-exhaust-using-cfd/prof-ranjeet-arya
THERMAL & STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON DISC BRAKE ROTOR WITH DRAFTING USING CATIA ...NitinSuryawanshi12
Project consist of two types of analysis thermal , structural & VBA Programming.
Thermal analysis is done to check the thermal resistance of model Honda Unicorn 160.
Structural analysis is done to find the strength of the model.
VBA programming is used to automate drafting task.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The Investigation Of Utilizing Rapeseed Flowers Oil As A Reliable Feedstock T...IJERA Editor
The world demand for energy in recent decade has been dramatic. Indeed, several hydrocarbons reservoirs are depleted around the world. Moreover, the using of fossil fuels for example, natural gas and coal is emitted high quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the environment that contributed in global worming phenomenon. Hence, many researchers and energy companies are attended and investigated to find out a new and reliable renewable energy source for example, biogas and biodiesel. Indeed, biodiesel can consider a reliable fuel due to many advantages for instance, reduce the global worming phenomenon, reduces carbon dioxide emissions and sustainable energy source. In fact, biodiesel can be produced from several resources for example, vegetable oil and animal fats. Rapeseed oil may consider a quite reliable and cheap source to produce biodiesel. Indeed, it has been observed that during the spring session in Iraqi Kurdistan region, wild rapeseed flowers are growing naturally in many cities of Iraqi Kurdistan for example, Sulaymaniyah, Ranya and Koya. The observed wild rapeseed flowers are produced considerable amounts of rape seed that can be invested to produced rapeseed oil and biodiesel. Therefore, this study is aimed to produce a reliable biodiesel from rapeseed flower oil by adopting transesterification reaction. Furthermore, this study has also applied process production parameters to find out the optimum operating conditions to produce biodiesel form the rapeseed oil for instance, amount of catalyst 1.25 % KOH and amount of methanol on biodiesel production yield about 7:1.Moreover, several laboratory tests for example, density, cloud point, pour point and cetane value have been applied for the produced biodiesel.
Growth Processes for a pulse of leptin in fasting human subjectsIJERA Editor
A meal-like transient hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, with a pulse of xamethasone, increased serum leptin levels from baseline by 54±21% at 9 h (P = 0.038). In the absence of transient hyperglycemia, leptin increased significantly after doses of both insulin and xamethasone. The effect of insulin was dose-dependent, with a larger increment of serum leptin at 9 h after the highest dose of insulin (75.2±15.7% vs 21.3±8.5%, P = 0.013). Fasting, with or without dexamethasone, resulted in a significant 20% decrease in leptin from morning basal levels. Conversely, the administration of a pulse of insulin and glucose, in the absence of dexamethasone, prevented the drop in serum leptin observed during fasting, regardless of the insulin dose or the serum glucose elevation. The permissive effect of dexamethasone, a single pulse of insulin triggered a rise in serum leptin in humans, even in the absence of transient hyperglycemia. A single pulse of insulin with glucose can prevent the drop in serum leptin normally observed during fasting. We also find the Growth Processes of Leptin
Using Social network in Higher Education A case Study on the University of Pa...IJERA Editor
The users which are using social networking sites nowadays by various strata of society such as students,
teachers, engineers, housewives and elderly people are increasing. So the goal of this paper is to invest social
networking in education especially at the universities.
Student spending more time on the social networking sites than on the e-learning programs, so social
networking can be used in a useful way to support e-learning. 54% of people who were surveyed about the
usage of social Networks said they used Facebook daily while 9% used MOODLE.
So this paper uses the social networks for e-learning as a case study on the university of Palestine.
Amelioration of safety management in infrastructure projectsIJERA Editor
Accidents are a major public health concern, resulting in an estimated 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injuries
worldwide each year specifically, the relationships between drivers' characteristics and road accidents are not
fully understood. Many factors are involved in the accident occurrence at construction site. Some important
elements that create a significant portion of accidents include: safety management error, poor training programs,
human element, act of god, outdated procedure and no clear monitoring policy. Although some of these items
are inevitable, but the occurrence of the largest part can be prevented. Therefore, for ameliorating the safety in a
project each of these items should be analyzed and a practical approach introduced. In general, near miss,
incident and accident are three dependent levels that mainly lead to injury. Risk and hazard are allocated in first
level which means near miss, therefore, no on-time identification of hazard and risk causes to create incident
and preventing accident in incident stage is unavoidable.
SPSNYC - Authentication, Authorization, and Identity – More than meets the eye…Scott Hoag
In today’s complex market place of corporate partnerships and relationships, sharing information is pertinent to ensuring that business operations are conducted in a secure computing environment with trusted entities being provided access to protected information.
In this session, Dan and Scott will discuss the basics of authentication and authorization in relation to the SharePoint platform. Further, we will be discussing the technical underpinnings of the SharePoint platform’s processing of a user’s identity dependent on identity provider and authorization settings.
As a part of this session we will demonstrate different authentication and authorization configurations that are common place in today’s business settings to include when to use:
• Integrated Windows Authentication
• Forms Based Authentication using SQL Server
• ADFS as a Trusted Identity Provider
• Threat Management Gateway with Kerberos Constrained Delegation using client certs
After attending this session, attendees will have a better grasp of the configuration complexities involved with each scenario as well as the user experience impacts based on the path taken.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design and Modeling of Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Power GenerationIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a design and modeling of grid connected hybrid renewable energy power generation. The
energy system having a photo voltaic (PV) panel, Srg wind turbine and fuel cell (sofc) for continuous power
flow management. Fuel cells (storage & generating) are added to ensure uninterrupted power supply due to the
discontinuous nature of solar and wind resources. Renewable energy generated during times of plenty can be
stored for use during periods when sufficient electricity is not available. But storing this energy is a difficult
task: batteries and similar technologies perform well over short timescales, but over periods of weeks or months
a different approach is necessary. Energy storage in the form of hydrogen is one such possibility: excess
electricity is fed into an electrolyser to split water into its constituent parts, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen
is then used in fuel cells to produce electricity when needed which will overcome the problem of storage. This
work is mainly concentrated on the design, analysis and modelling of Fuel cells and Analysis and modelling of
Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG) in the application of Wind Energy Generation and pv cell. Also an
effective approach is proposed in this thesis to ensure renewable energy diversity and effective utilization. The
pv cell, wind and fuel cell renewable energy system is digitally simulated using the MATLAB/SIMULINK
software environment and fully validated for efficient energy utilizations and enhanced interface power quality
under different operating conditions and load excursions
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Degradation and Microbiological Validation of Meropenem Antibiotic in Aqueous...IJERA Editor
Aqueous UV, UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/H2O2mediateddegradation/oxidation of the carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem (MERO) was experimentally studied. Degussa P-25 titanium dioxide was used as photocatalyst and UV-light source was used for activation of TiO2.The nanosized titanium dioxide was immobilized on the glass support for improving the efficiency and economics of the photocatalytic processes. The immobilized film of titanium dioxide has been characterized, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) andscanning electron microscopy (SEM).The study of antibiotic degradation was conducted in the specific Batch Photocatalytic Reactor. MERO standard solution was used at 500 μg/ml concentration, which degraded up to 99% of antibiotics. Microbiological assay showed that the loss of antibacterial activity is directly proportional to the time of UV-irradiation. The experiment also showed that the UV-irradiation itself causes the degradation of antibiotics, but in very slow manner in comparison to the photocatalysis process. The experimental study showed that UV/TiO2/H2O2 system is effective and efficient for the treatment of antibiotic waste.
Shortest Tree Routing With Security In Wireless Sensor NetworksIJERA Editor
We propose STR to resolve the main reasons of overall network performance degradation of ZTR, which are the detour path problem and the traffic concentration problem. Second, we prove that the 1-hop neighbor nodes used by STR improve the routing path efficiency and alleviate the traffic load concentrated on tree links in ZTR. Third, we analyze the performance of ZTR, STR, and AODV by differentiating the network conditions such as network density, ZigBee network constraints, traffic types, and the network traffic. For modification security purpose we are also encrypting the data packets during transmission. So that the intermediate nodes are not able to view the data during transmission. For Encryption process, we are using RC4 Algorithm. Short cut tree routing is used for minimizing the routing path from source to destination.
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
Radial basis network estimator of oxygen content in the flue gas of debutani...IJECEIAES
The energy efficiency in the debutanizer reboiler combustion can be monitored from the oxygen content of the flue gas of the reboiler. The measurement of the oxygen content can be conducted in situ using an oxygen sensor. However, soot that may appear around the sensor due to the combustion process in the debutanizer reboiler can obstruct the sensor’s function. In-situ redundancy sensors’ unavailability is a significant problem when the sensor is damaged, so measures must be made directly by workers using portable devices. On the other hand, worker safety is a primary concern when working in high-risk work areas. In this paper, we propose a software-based measurement or soft sensor to overcome the problems. The radial basis function network model makes soft sensors adapt to data updates because of their advantage as a universal approximator. The estimation of oxygen content with a soft sensor has been successfully carried out. The soft sensor generates an estimated mean square error of 0.216% with a standard deviation of 0.0242%. Stochastics gradient descent algorithm with momentum acceleration and dimension reduction using principal component analysis successfully improves the soft sensors’ performance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Simulation of Air Conditioning System of the Classroomijtsrd
We have focused on the design and modifications of air cooling duct system using Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD considering all air flow patterns affecting the system efficiency. Necessary tools and methods are applied for efficient designing. The different load conditions and the layout of the duct system need to be very accurate because if any deviation will result to problems like uneven cooling, frictional losses, increased noise and vibrations and also more power consumption. The above problems highlight the importance for optimizing the duct design to obtain desired flow conditions. Our work involves use of theoretical and software tools to get a detailed comparative analysis of the costs and benefits involved in selecting a particular shape rectangular or circular for the duct according to the working conditions. The focus of this paper rests on using psychrometry chart to calculate the cooling load and other parameters. Gaurav Srivastava | Aman Kumar | Dipti Chandel | Harsh Dabas | Ashish Mishra | Saurabh ""CFD Simulation of Air Conditioning System of the Classroom"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23824.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23824/cfd-simulation-of-air-conditioning-system-of-the-classroom/gaurav-srivastava
Design and Development of a Low Cost Handheld Vacuum Cleanerijtsrd
A vacuum cleaner, like many other home products, is made to use it easier and more e icient for its customers to complete particular tasks. It must be effective at both collecting up dust particles and eliminating them from the air. This research paper develops a low cost effective vacuum cleaner and its parts. According to the literature review, the vacuum cleaner’s performance is mostly influenced by parameters including the impeller’s diameter, radius of curvature, strength, and speed. In this study, an unique impeller is designed with Creo, and the flow characteristics of the impeller are examined using CFD. The impeller’s thickness, form, and number of blades are all determined using the mechanical design process. In addition, polycarbonate was used as a material for making impeller in 3D printing. Dr. Velumani Subramaniam | Bhuvanesh Kumar V | Midun K | Mohanprasath G "Design and Development of a Low Cost Handheld Vacuum Cleaner" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52404.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/52404/design-and-development-of-a-low-cost-handheld-vacuum-cleaner/dr-velumani-subramaniam
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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From Siloed Products to Connected Ecosystem: Building a Sustainable and Scala...
Ao044265268
1. Gaurav Patel et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.265-268
www.ijera.com 265 | P a g e
Operational Augmentation of Forced Circulation Type Solar
Dryer System Using CFD Analysis
Atul Patel*, Gaurav Patel**
*(Dept. of Mechanical Engg, Ipcowala Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dharmaj, Gujarat-388430)
** (Dept. of Mechanical Engg, A. D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388325)
ABSTRACT
Solar drying is basically heat and mass transfer process in which the liquid water from the surface and the
vapour removed by draft. The efficiency of a solar drying system is affected by the properties of drying
materials.e.g. size, shape and geometry as well as ambient conditions. In this research article, the authors have
done the CFD analysis of a Forced Circulation type Solar Dryer used conventionally for dehydrating vegetables
and fruits. Using CFD analysis, the limiting values of pressure and velocity could be obtained using which the
modifications can be implemented in the existing system in order to gain operational augmentation. Later on,
the validation of the simulated results was achieved by associating them with the experimental outcomes.
Keywords – CFD Analysis, Drying chamber, Forced Circulation, Pressure-drop analysis, Solar Dryer
I. INTRODUCTION
Seasonal crops like grains, vegetables and
fruits are rich sources of vitamins, minerals and low
fats but contain high concentration of moisture.
Hence, they demand for favorable storage conditions,
efficient handling, transportation, adequate post-
harvest infrastructure, etc. Sun drying is still the most
common method used to preserve agricultural
products in most tropical and subtropical countries.
The main advantages being its low capital and
operating costs and the fact that little expertise is
required. But, Sun drying is only possible in areas
where, in an average year, the weather allows food to
be dried immediately after harvest. [1]
Hence, Dryers have been developed and
used to dry agricultural products in order to improve
shelf life, product variety and large volume reduction.
Most of these either use an expensive source of
energy such as electricity or a combination of solar
energy and some other form of energy. [2]
In Forced
Circulation type Solar Dryers, hot air is continuously
blown over the food products which is loaded or
unload continuously or periodically. Such dryers are
comparatively thermodynamically efficient, faster
and can be used for drying in bulk.[3]
But, the major
criteria to be considered in such dryers is the
operational efficiency.
In the present work, the CFD analysis of the
drying chamber of a conventional Forced Circulation
type Solar Dryer is done in order to obtain the cause
for reduction in efficiency.
The pressure loss was found to be playing a
major role for reducing the efficiency. Thus, a
modified design is proposed to gain maximum output
by minimizing the pressure drop. The validation of
the simulated results is achieved through
experimental analysis with the adapted design which
has proven up to the mark.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Modelling of Dryer
A solar dryer consists of drying chamber,
blower, and air heating unit, dumping, ducting and
drying trays. [4]
For CFD analysis, the modelling of
drying chamber is considered since the flow through
the ducts remains constant.
Fig 1. 2D drawing of Drying Chamber
The modelling of drying chamber is done in
modeling software as per the dimensions prescribe in
Fig 1 & as per specifications as mentioned in
succeeding topic.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Gaurav Patel et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.265-268
www.ijera.com 266 | P a g e
Fig 2. 3D Model of Drying Chamber
2.2 Drying Chamber Specifications
The indorsed specifications of drying
chamber are as follows:
Table 1. Drying Chamber Specifications
Material
Outer Body Aluminum Iron Sheet
(26 SWG)
Inner Body SS 304 (1.5 mm)
Tray SS 304 (0.6 mm)
Chamber Door SS 304 (2.0 mm)
Insulator Rockwool Slabs
(Two layers of 50 mm
thick, 48 kg / cu. meter
density)
Consecutive Tray
Spacing
25 mm
No: of Trays 16
Size of each tray 600 x 1000 x 20 mm
2.3 CFD Modelling
Inner volume is also created in the modeling
software as shown in fig.3 for CFD analysis.
Fig 3. Inner volume of drying chamber
As the volume is symmetrical, only half
volume is considered for analysis. After creation of
inner volume, boundary conditions are applied as
shown in fig 4. [5]
Fig 4. Boundary conditions
After applying boundary conditions,
meshing of the inner volume is carried out by Finite
Volume Method.
2.4 Meshing
Herein, ANSYS GAMBIT 2.3.16 is used for
the meshing. The meshing parameters are taken as
per the following:
Table 2. Mesh Specifications
Entity
Mesh type Unmapped
Type of elements Tetrahedral
No of Nodes 4367
No of Tetrahedral Cells 15041
Interior faces 26262
Wall Faces 6770
Velocity Inlet Faces 14
Outflow Faces 14
Fig 5. Meshing of drying chamber
After the mesh generation, CFD analysis is
performed as per the different specifications
mentioned in previous topic.
3. Gaurav Patel et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.265-268
www.ijera.com 267 | P a g e
2.5 CFD Analysis
In CFD analysis, following criteria is
considered for simulation:
Table 3. CFD Specifications
Model Specifications
Design
Simulation Type 3 – D, Steady
Solver Type Density based
Gradient Type Green – Gauss
Node based
Fluid Specifications
Type Air (fluid)
Density 1.225 Kg / m3
Sp. Heat (Cp) 1.006 KJ / kg K
Dynamic Viscosity 1.78e-05 Kg / m s
Thermal Conductivity 0.0242 w / m K
Operating Parameters Specifications
Operating pressure 253.27 Pascal
(25.82 mm of
water)
Operating temperature 333 K (60 ̊C)
Inlet velocity 32.22 m / s
After performing the simulations as per the
prescribed condition of air flow through dryer
chamber, the characteristics of flow-fields are
analyzed.
III. EXPERIMENTATION
In order to carry out experimental work
forced convection solar dryer is constructed and
fabricated by using the material described in Table 1.
The construction of drying chamber is
shown in the figure given below.
Fig 6. Drying chamber unit
Fig 7. Power Control Unit of Solar Dryer
As shown in the above figure a control panel
is provided for the solar dryer which consists of 6
channel temperature scanner to indicate temperature
sequentially and to monitor it, an ammeter to measure
current and a voltmeter to measure voltage for each
blower. Auto / Manual selector switch is available to
select the blower operation mode. RH sensor &
controller with memory (we can indicate the RH on
panel as well as record in memory) are also provided.
A temperature controller, load cell to indicate the
weight, air flow measurement and its indication and
pressure gauges for different locations to check
pressure drop are provided in control system.[6]
During experimentation, the pressure drop is
measured at different flow rates which are achieved
by controlling the speed of the blower.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results obtained by simulation are
compared with those obtained during
experimentation.
4.1 Pressure Distribution
Fig 8. Pressure Distributions of Design
4. Gaurav Patel et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4( Version 1), April 2014, pp.265-268
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From the pressure distribution, it is clear that
high pressure prevails at the forward-facing edges of
all the upper trays. Whereas low pressure region is
obtained at the entrance of the drying chamber.
4.2 Velocity Distribution
Fig 9. Velocity Distributions of Design
The high gradient of air velocity appears at
the inlet of the drying chamber. The reduction in
velocity is due to the hindrance provided by the trays
as well as the outlet part of the drying chamber.as a
result the backward flow is observed within in the
manifold portion of the solar dryer which causes the
inlet flow to be restricted. [7]
4.3 Comparison of Results
Fig 10. Comparison between Simulated results and
Experimental results
From the above figure, it is clearly observed
that the values of pressure drop seem to be almost
similar for simulated as well as experimental work.
V. CONCLUSION
Investigating the simulation results by
visualizing the flow pattern of fluid and pressure drop
in specific region, appropriate physical modifications
are implemented such that overall system efficiency
is improved by about 3% over the existing system,
and this is really found to be effective as overall cost
of the system is very high. Hence, payback period of
the system can be covered early.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are extremely thankful to Mr.
Chitan Pandya, Chief Executive, Steelhacks
Industries, Vitthal Udyognagar for providing the
opportunity to provide the valuable data to perform
CFD analysis. The authors also express their thanks
to the authority of Javeer Foods, Chansma (Mehsana)
for consenting the experimental work.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Banout, P. Ehl, J. Havlik, B. Lojka, Z.
Polesny, V. Verner, Design and performance
evaluation of a Double-pass solar drier for
drying of red chilli, Solar Energy, 85(3),
March 2011, 506-515.
[2] A. O. Fagunwa, O. A. Koya and M.O.
Faborode. Development of an Intermittent
Solar Dryer for Cocoa Beans. Agriculture
Engg. International: CIGR E Journal,
Manuscript number 1292, volume-XI, July
2009, 1-14.
[3] S P Sukhatme and J K Nayak, Solar Energy:
Principles of thermal collection and storage,
3rd
Edition, (Tata McGraw Hill, 2008).
[4] W. A. Beckman and J. A. Duffie, Solar
engineering of thermal process, 4th
Edition
(Wiley, April 2013) Ch 8, 373-408.
[5] G. V. Patel, Design and Development of
Aseptic Housing using CFD Analysis,
Charotar Institute of Technology, Changa,
2009.
[6] S. H. Sengar, A. G. Mohod & Y. P.
Khandetod, Experimental Evaluation of
Solar Dryer for Kokam Fruit, Global
Journal of Science Frontier Research
Agriculture and Biology, 12(3) v1.0, March
2012, 83-89.
[7] J. Y. Tu, G. H. Yeoh, C. Liu, Computational
Fluid Dynamics – A Practical Approach, 1st
Edition ( Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008).